芒果炭疽病菌β-微管蛋白基因的克隆及其与多菌灵抗药性发生的关系

参照豆科合萌属 (Aeschynomene)作物炭疽病菌的tub1和tub2基因序列设计了 2对引物 ,分别从芒果 (Man gifera)炭疽病菌对多菌灵 (MBC)田间抗药性 (MBCR)和敏感 (MBCS)的菌株中扩增 β_微管蛋白基因。结果只有以tub2为参照设计的引物扩增到了特异片段。进一步对全基因进行了克隆和测序。该基因序列全长 1344bp ,编码4 4 7aa ,其核苷酸和氨基酸序列与豆科合萌属炭疽病菌的tub2基因高度同源。对芒果炭疽病菌抗、感菌株 β_微管蛋白氨基酸序列进行比较分析 ,发现第 181、2 37和 36 3位氨基酸发生了突变 ,而其它位置 (如第 198位或 2 0 0位 )均不变     

TSNAdb: A Database for Tumor-specific Neoantigens from Immunogenomics Data Analysis

Tumor-specific neoantigens have attracted much attention since they can be used as biomarkers to predict therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint blockade therapy and as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we developed a comprehensive tumor-specific neoantigen database (TSNAdb v1.0), based on pan-cancer immunogenomic analyses of somatic mutation data and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele information for 16 tumor types with 7748 tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Cancer Immunome Atlas (TCIA). We predicted binding affinities between mutant/wild-type peptides and HLA class I molecules by NetMHCpan v2.8/v4.0, and presented detailed information of 3,707,562/1,146,961 potential neoantigens generated by somatic mutations of all tumor samples. Moreover, we employed recurrent mutations in combination with highly frequent HLA alleles to predict potential shared neoantigens across tumor patients, which would facilitate the discovery of putative targets for neoantigen-based cancer immunotherapy. TSNAdb is freely available at http://biopharm.zju.edu.cn/tsnadb.     

转基因白桦中GUS基因表达的定量分析

以转基因白桦（Betula platyphylla）为材料,采用单酶切结合Southern杂交的方法揭示不同转基因植株中GUS基因的整合拷贝数为1—4个。采用组织化学染色法定性分析不同整合方式转基因白桦植株中GUS基因的表达。结果表明,11个转基因植株中有2株出现了GUS基因沉默,其余植株均有不同水平的GUS表达。在此基础上应用分光光度法定量分析不同拷贝数的GUS转基因白桦中β-葡萄糖醛酸酶活性。结果表明,在11个转基因尢性系中除2个株系的GUS基因沉默外,其它9个转基因植株中GUS酶活力差异明显,但这种差异与GUS基因的拷贝数没有必然联系。     

动物细胞膜的分离纯化及其在病毒受体研究中的应用

细胞膜是动物细胞与胞外环境之间的屏障。病毒只有与细胞膜上的病毒受体特异性结合 ,才能进入细胞 ,进而启动其增殖周期。因此 ,病毒受体是病毒学研究的重要组成部分。分离纯化病毒受体所在的细胞膜作为病毒受体研究的实验材料 ,已经在许多病毒的研究中得到应用 ,并取得了很好的效果。现就动物细胞膜的分离纯化及其在病毒受体研究中的应用作一综述。     

中国河南两株庚型肝炎病毒（HGV）NS5区部分cDNA的克隆与序列分析

通过逆转录－聚合酶链反应从我国河南省２例重叠感染ＨＣＶ或ＨＢＶ／ＨＤＶ的献血啼中,分离到ＨＢＶＮＳ５区的部分ｃＤＮＡ,对其进行序列分析比较,结果表明,河南株ＨＧＶＮＳ５工核苷酸与两中国ＨＧＶ主同源性高于国外代表株（８８．５－９０．６％）,但由核苷酸推导的氨基酸的同源性都无明显的地区性区别。ＨＧＶＮＳ５区氨基酸序列较保守,缺乏明显高变区,中国４株ＨＧＶ在７３８４位发生了由Ｃ→Ｔ的变异,从而导致一个人     

Ricin A chain reaches the endoplasmic reticulum after endocytosis

Ricin is a potent ribosome inactivating protein and now has been widely used for synthesis of immunotoxins. To target ribosome in the mammalian cytosol, ricin must firstly retrograde transport from the endomembrane system to reach the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where the ricin A chain (RTA) is recognized by ER components that facilitate its membrane translocation to the cytosol. In the study, the fusion gene of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-RTA was expressed with the pET-28a (+) system in Escherichia coli under the control of a T7 promoter. The fusion protein showed a green fluorescence. The recombinant protein can be purified by metal chelated affinity chromatography on a column of NTA. The rabbit anti-GFP antibody can recognize the fusion protein of EGFP-RTA just like the EGFP protein. The cytotoxicity of EGFP-RTA and RTA was evaluated by the MTT assay in HeLa and HEP-G2 cells following fluid-phase endocytosis. The fusion protein had a similar cytotoxicity of RTA. After endocytosis, the subcellular location of the fusion protein can be observed with the laser scanning confocal microscopy and the immuno-gold labeling Electro Microscopy. This study provided important evidence by a visualized way to prove that RTA does reach the endoplasmic reticulum.     

5种光合细菌种间原生质体融合及优良农用融合子的筛选鉴定

处于对数生长期的光合细菌球形红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonassphaeroides)、沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonaspalustris)、嗜酸红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomdnasacidophila)、深红红螺菌(Rhodospirarubrum)、万尼氏红微菌(Rhodomocrobiumvannielii),经溶菌酶(3mg/L)处理50min后,获得了它们的菌体形成的原生质体,其再生率分别为80%、71%、82%、61%、74%.取等量的亲本菌株在35%的PEG(MW6000)诱导下两两融合5min,共10种组合.其融合率为球×沼2.5×10-4、球×嗜2.1×10-4、球×深2.0×10-4、球×万2.1×10-4、沼×嗜2.8×10-4、沼×深2.4×10-4、沼×万2.6×10-4、嗜×深2.0×10-4、嗜×万2.3×10-4、深×万2.4×10-4.经影印法鉴定:形成的融合子可以分别生长于以相应的有机物为唯一碳源的培养基上,所有融合子体积均相当于两亲本株体积之和,融合子菌落形态特征介于两亲本株之间.从中随机挑选100个融合子,以辣椒苗作为靶标植物,从上述融合子中筛选到了1株具有显著促进作物生长、提高抗病性的融合子.     

Multilayer gyroid cubic membrane organization in green alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zygnema</Emphasis>

Biological cubic membranes (CM), which are fluid membranes draped onto the 3D periodic parallel surface geometries with cubic symmetry, have been observed within subcellular organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and thylakoids. CM transition tends to occur under various stress conditions; however, multilayer CM organizations often appear associated with light stress conditions. This report is about the characterization of a projected gyroid CM in a transmission electron microscopy study of the chloroplast membranes within green alga Zygnema (LB923) whose lamellar form of thylakoid membrane started to fold into multilayer gyroid CM in the culture at the end of log phase of cell growth. Using the techniques of computer simulation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a direct template matching method, we show that these CM are based on the gyroid parallel surfaces. The single, double, and multilayer gyroid CM morphologies are observed in which space is continuously divided into two, three, and more subvolumes by either one, two, or several parallel membranes. The gyroid CM are continuous with varying amount of pseudo-grana with lamellar-like morphology. The relative amount and order of these two membrane morphologies seem to vary with the age of cell culture and are insensitive to ambient light condition. In addition, thylakoid gyroid CM continuously interpenetrates the pyrenoid body through stalk, bundle-like, morphologies. Inside the pyrenoid body, the membranes re-folded into gyroid CM. The appearance of these CM rearrangements due to the consequence of Zygnema cell response to various types of environmental stresses will be discussed. These stresses include nutrient limitation, temperature fluctuation, and ultraviolet (UV) exposure.     

生物法处理木质素的研究进展

对生物法处理木质素进行了简要概述,包括微生物降解、生物法酸析提取木质素以及生物法纯化木质素的效果及其研究进展.生物法处理木质素对资源的合理利用、经济的发展以及环境保护具有重要的意义.