牛源流行性出血病病毒(EHDV)血清10型毒株在我国的分离鉴定

我国存在多种血清型流行性出血热病毒(Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus,EHDV)的流行,但尚未有关于EHDV-10型毒株的分离报道。为了解云南省EHDV的流行情况,2012～2015年,本研究在云南省设立江城、师宗、芒市三个监控点,定期采集监控动物血液,接种幼仓鼠肾细胞(Baby hamster kidney cell,BHK-21)进行病毒分离;通过PCR检测、血清中和试验、琼脂糖凝胶电泳和电镜观察等方法对分离病毒进行鉴定;对分离毒株的Seg-2/VP2与Seg-3/VP3基因节段进行克隆、测序与序列分析。2013年在云南省师宗县的哨兵牛上分离出一株EHDV毒株(YNSZ-V277-2013),病毒可引起BHK-21细胞出现圆缩、裂解的细胞病变(Cytopathic effect,CPE);电镜下病毒粒子呈球形,无囊膜,表面有大量纤维突,直径在70～80nm之间;病毒基因组dsRNA的琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示分离毒株与其他血清型EHDV一致,呈现"3-3-3"的电泳带型;序列分析显示YNSZ-V277-2013毒株的Seg-2/VP2与Seg-3/VP3序列与日本EHDV-10型毒株(ON-4/N/98)相似度最高,分别为97.5%/98.5%与98.1%/99.8%,证实分离毒株为EHDV-10型;系统发育分析显示YNSZ-V277-2013毒株的Seg-2与日本EHDV-10型毒株(ON-4/N/98)的亲缘关系最近,Seg-3与分离至日本和澳大利亚的EHDV毒株同属Eastern型。本研究首次报道了EHDV-10型毒株在我国的分离以及分离毒株的Seg-2与Seg-3基因序列特征,为进一步开展中国EHDV-10型的流行病学调查与致病性研究提供了基础。     

A male sterility-associated cytotoxic protein ORF288 in Brassica juncea causes aborted pollen development

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widespread phenomenon in higher plants, and several studies have established that this maternally inherited defect is often associated with a mitochondrial mutant. Approximately 10 chimeric genes have been identified as being associated with corresponding CMS systems in the family Brassicaceae, but there is little direct evidence that these genes cause male sterility. In this study, a novel chimeric gene (named orf288) was found to be located downstream of the atp6 gene and co-transcribed with this gene in the hau CMS sterile line. Western blotting analysis showed that this predicted open reading frame (ORF) was translated in the mitochondria of male-sterile plants. Furthermore, the growth of Escherichia coli was significantly repressed in the presence of ORF288, which indicated that this protein is toxic to the E. coli host cells. To confirm further the function of orf288 in male sterility, the gene was fused to a mitochondrial-targeting pre-sequence under the control of the Arabidopsis APETALA3 promoter and introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana. Almost 80% of transgenic plants with orf288 failed to develop anthers. It was also found that the independent expression of orf288 caused male sterility in transgenic plants, even without the transit pre-sequence. Furthermore, transient expression of orf288 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a fused protein in A. thaliana protoplasts showed that ORF288 was able to anchor to mitochondria even without the external mitochondrial-targeting peptide. These observations provide important evidence that orf288 is responsible for the male sterility of hau CMS in Brassica juncea.     

G_2期后期染色质结构及染色体高级结构形成的研究

用适量BrdU处理中华大蟾蜍外周血淋巴细胞,能以较高频率得到形态多样的染色质(体)结构。本文以两栖类和人类细胞为材料,采用Feulgen染色、Ag-NOR染色、DAPI荧光染色及放射自显影等方法,证实了其染色质性质,初步讨论了其产生原因,并将其命名为:“G,期后期染色质”。在此基础上,进一步从形态学角度初步分析了从G_2期后期到M期染色质转变为染色体的动态过程,提出不同染色体形成其高级结构是非同步的,有可能存在染色体包裹顺序的设想。     

海洋自然保护区生态保护补偿机制

在提炼生态保护补偿概念内涵的基础上,综合考虑政策目标、海洋环境自然属性、自然保护区区域特殊性以及我国制度环境,明确了海洋自然保护区生态保护补偿的思路;根据相关法律法规,结合生态系统服务分析,对海洋自然保护区生态保护补偿机制的主体、客体和补偿标准进行了讨论。研究结果表明,海洋自然保护区生态保护补偿应该以持续的生态效益供给为目标,以正外部性内部化为基本原理;海洋自然保护区生态保护补偿的主体是国家,由相关政府部门代表国家履行补偿责任;补偿客体为保护区周边居民和保护区管理机构,对周边居民的补偿标准以其为保护区牺牲的生态效益价值来确定,对管理机构的补偿标准以其使保护区增加的生态效益价值来确定。在构建补偿机制框架后,探讨了保护区运营资金支持和补偿标准公信力等问题,为后续的研究实践提供参考与借鉴。     

Aureonitols A and B,Two New C13‐Polyketides from Chaetomium globosum,an Endophytic Fungus in Salvia miltiorrhiza

Two new C₁₃‐polyketides, aureonitols A and B ( 1 and 2 ), along with five known compounds ( 3 – 7 ), were isolated from the solid fermentation culture of the plant endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The structures and absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis and computed methods. Compound 5 was found to display the remarkable antimicrobial activities against four multidrug‐resistant bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) with MIC values of 3.13–6.25 μg/mL (ciprofloxacin: 0.78–1.56 μg/mL), and also against all tested fungal strains with MIC values of 3.13–25 μg/mL (ketoconazole: 0.78–12.50 μg/mL).     

Multichannel,Line-Monitoring Sensing Approach Based on Long-Range Surface Plasmons

The refractive index resolution of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor has been significantly improved these years; however, higher sensing performance is always desired. In this work, we propose a line-monitoring, long-range SPR sensor whose resolution is much better than conventional SPR sensors. Also, in contrast to mono-channel detection, multichannel detection, using line-monitoring technique, can detect multiple channels concurrently. In this way, this system achieves a refractive index resolution of 4.0?×?10^??7 refractive index units and can monitor multiple molecular interactions simultaneously. Finally, a model experiment detecting the Escherichia coli bacteria has demonstrated the potential for biomedical applications of this system.     

Recognition of H3K9me1 by maize RNA-directed DNA methylation factor SHH2

RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a plant-specific de novo DNA methylation pathway, which has extensive cross-talk with histone modifications. Here, we report that the maize RdDM regulator SAWADEE HOMEODOMAIN HOMOLOG 2 (SHH2) is an H3K9me1 reader. Our structural studies reveal that H3K9me1 recognition is achieved by recognition of the methyl group via a classic aromatic cage and hydrogen-bonding and salt-bridge interactions with the free protons of the mono-methyllysine. The di- and tri-methylation states disrupt the polar interactions, decreasing the binding affinity. Our study reveals a mono-methyllysine recognition mechanism which potentially links RdDM to H3K9me1 in maize.     

长江河口湿地鱼类的种类组成及多样性分析

为了解长江河口湿地鱼类种类组成的现状及变化趋势, 作者于2004–2007年间在长江河口湿地设置了33个采样站点, 采用多种调查网具对该水域的鱼类资源状况进行了较为系统的调查。共调查到鱼类123种, 隶属1纲18目46科。结合文献记录, 本地区共有鱼类208种, 隶属2纲22目67科。海鲢(Elops saurus)和印度小公鱼(Sardinella sindensis)为本地区的新记录种。鱼类组成以鲤形目和鲈形目为主; 生态型以淡水鱼类最多。长江南支、北支和口门区水域的种类组成存在一定的差异, 南支常见种以鲤形目鱼类为主, 而北支和口门区以鲈形目鱼类为主。与1990年以前的调查资料相比, 长江河口湿地鱼类物种数有所减少, 其中软骨鱼类和鲀科鱼类下降相对较多。一些重要经济种逐渐变为偶见种, 甚至成为濒危物种, 如鲥(Tenualosa reevesii)、前颌间银鱼(Hemisalanx prognathus)和暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)等。导致河口湿地鱼类物种多样性下降的主要原因可能是过度捕捞、水域污染和栖息地丧失等。     

猴面包树种子萌发及苗期生长规律研究

在3种处理条件下对猴面包树Adansonia digitata种子进行播种育苗,观察记录种子萌发特性、苗高和地径,以及连续观察两年物候。结果表明：(1)70 ℃热水浸种发芽率和发芽势最高,分别为18.72%、6.20%。(2)苗高和地径增长呈“S”型,苗木生长分为缓慢期、速生期和停滞期;苗高和地径的速生期起点均为7月上旬,一直持续至9月上旬,在8月中旬出现苗高和地径速生点。1年生猴面包树苗高和地径可达81.9 cm和12.6 mm,苗木整齐度较好,苗木质量较高,苗木移栽成活率高达90%以上。(3)在云南元阳县干热河谷地区,2年内猴面包树苗期的物候无显著差异,生长发育正常,证明该地区是猴面包树理想的引种栽培区域之一。