白芨SSR引物筛选及群体遗传多样性研究

白芨(Bletilla striata Rchb.)为中国珍稀濒危植物,重要的药用植物。该研究基于Illumina测序技术构建白芨基因组文库和微卫星文库,设计白芨微卫星引物,用白芨4个野生种群80个个体对引物进行多态性检测,应用4个白芨近缘种中进行引物的通用性检测,并在此基础上分析了白芨的遗传多样性和遗传分化,以探讨白芨的遗传结构和进化潜能。结果表明:(1)白芨基因组中微卫星片断丰富,共检测出17 841条微卫星片断。基于白芨微卫星库对100个位点设计了引物对,经PCR扩增和检测筛选出能够稳定扩增的多态性位点20个,每个位点的复等位基因数(Na)在2~6之间,平均为3.85;20对引物的大部分能够在4个白芨近缘种中成功扩增。(2)白芨在物种水平均有较高的遗传多样性(Na=3.85,I=1.07,H=0.614 7),白芨种群遗传分化强烈(Gst=0.43),居群间的基因流较弱(Nm=0.867 6),居群聚类分析结果均表明地理距离较近的居群具有较近的遗传关系。     

镍钛形状记忆合金环抱器内固定术对多发性肋骨骨折患者术后疼痛、呼吸功能及肺部感染的影响

目的:探讨多发性肋骨骨折患者采用镍钛形状记忆合金环抱器内固定术治疗的临床效果。方法:选取2016年1月-2018年1月期间我院收治的97例多发性肋骨骨折患者。按照不同的治疗方法将患者分为对照组(n=47)和研究组(n=50),对照组患者给予胸部护板外固定术,研究组患者给予镍钛形状记忆合金环抱器内固定术。比较两组患者术后7 d的临床疗效,比较两组术前、术后7 d疼痛程度及呼吸功能情况,记录两组术后并发症发生情况。结果:研究组患者治疗后总有效率为92.00%(46/50),高于对照组患者的76.60%(36/47)(P0.05)。两组患者术后7 d视觉疼痛模拟评分量表(VAS)评分均较术前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者术后7 d最大自主通气量占预计值百分比(MVV%)较术前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者术后7 d第1秒用力呼气肺活量占预计值百分比(FEV1%)比较无差异(P0.05)。研究组患者术后并发症总发生率8.00%(4/50),低于对照组的23.40%(11/47)(P0.05)。结论:多发性肋骨骨折经镍钛形状记忆合金环抱器内固定术治疗安全、有效,可明显减轻患者术后疼痛及改善呼吸功能,临床应用价值较高。     

不同树龄水曲柳半同胞家系生长性状变异研究

为筛选优质的水曲柳种质资源,以吉林省三岔子林业局国家水曲柳良种基地的16年生水曲柳子代测定林75个半同胞家系为材料,分别在第4、11和16年对其树高、地径（胸径）和材积进行测定。方差分析结果表明,不同变异来源各指标均达极显著差异水平（P<0.01）;各指标表型变异系数变化范围为22.20%~63.30%,家系遗传力变化范围为0.796~0.981;相关性分析结果表明各指标间均呈极显著正相关;以材积为评价指标,按10%入选率对家系进行评价选择,初步筛选8个优良家系,入选的家系材积平均值比总平均值高0.007 m³,遗传增益为36.03%;该研究选出的优良家系可为良种登记提供基础,也可为种子园的改建提供材料。     

An MAP kinase interacts with LHK1 and regulates nodule organogenesis in Lotus japonicus

Symbiosis receptor-like kinase(SymRK) is a key protein mediating the legume-Rhizobium symbiosis. Our previous work has identified an MAP kinase kinase, SIP2, as a SymRK-interacting protein to positively regulate nodule organogenesis in Lotus japonicus, suggesting that an MAPK cascade might be involved in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. In this study, LjMPK6 was identified as a phosphorylation target of SIP2. Stable transgenic L. japonicus with RNAi silencing of LjMPK6 decreased the numbers of nodule primordia(NP) and nodule, while plants overexpressing LjMPK6 increased the numbers of nodule, infection threads(ITs), and NP, indicating that LjMPK6 plays a positive role in nodulation. LjMPK6 could interact with a cytokinin receptor, LHK1 both in vivo and in vitro. LjMPK6 was shown to compete with LHP1 to bind to the receiver domain(RD) of LHK1 and to downregulate the expression of two LjACS(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase) genes and ethylene levels during nodulation. This study demonstrated an important role of LjMPK6 in regulation of nodule organogenesis and ethylene production in L. japonicus.     

Aureonitols A and B,Two New C13‐Polyketides from Chaetomium globosum,an Endophytic Fungus in Salvia miltiorrhiza

Two new C₁₃‐polyketides, aureonitols A and B ( 1 and 2 ), along with five known compounds ( 3 – 7 ), were isolated from the solid fermentation culture of the plant endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The structures and absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis and computed methods. Compound 5 was found to display the remarkable antimicrobial activities against four multidrug‐resistant bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) with MIC values of 3.13–6.25 μg/mL (ciprofloxacin: 0.78–1.56 μg/mL), and also against all tested fungal strains with MIC values of 3.13–25 μg/mL (ketoconazole: 0.78–12.50 μg/mL).     

Polarization-Independent Narrowband Near-Perfect Absorption Based on One-Dimension Embedded Aluminum Grating

Plasmonics - In the past, the polarization-insensitive absorption is realized mainly employing the two-dimensional periodic structure of fourfold rotational symmetry, which greatly increases the...     

Fluorine‐Free Noble Salt Anion for High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Amongst post‐Li‐ion battery technologies, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have captured an immense interest as one of the most appealing devices from both the industrial and academia sectors. The replacement of conventional liquid electrolytes with solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) enables not only a safer use of Li metal (Li°) anodes but also a flexible design in the shape of Li–S batteries. However, the practical implementation of SPEs‐based all‐solid‐state Li–S batteries (ASSLSBs) is largely hindered by the shuttling effect of the polysulfide intermediates and the formation of dendritic Li° during the battery operation. Herein, a fluorine‐free noble salt anion, tricyanomethanide [C(CN)₃^?, TCM^?], is proposed as a Li‐ion conducting salt for ASSLSBs. Compared to the widely used perfluorinated anions {e.g., bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion, [N(SO₂CF₃)₂)]^?, TFSI^?}, the LiTCM‐based electrolytes show decent ionic conductivity, good thermal stability, and sufficient anodic stability suiting the cell chemistry of ASSLSBs. In particular, the fluorine‐free solid electrolyte interphase layer originating from the decomposition of LiTCM exhibits a good mechanical integrity and Li‐ion conductivity, which allows the LiTCM‐based Li–S cells to be cycled with good rate capability and Coulombic efficiency. The LiTCM‐based electrolytes are believed to be the most promising candidates for building cost‐effective and high energy density ASSLSBs in the near future.     

建立多重液相基因芯片方法快速检测狐狸、水貂成分

基于xMAP液相芯片新型生物技术平台,分别以狐狸线粒体DNA D-loop区序列、水貂线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因序列为模板设计特异扩增引物和探针,并对探针进行锁核酸修饰,建立了二重xMAP液相基因芯片方法,用于快速检测狐狸和水貂源性成分。该法能准确鉴定鉴别狐狸和水貂DNA,对其他18种动物物种DNA均呈检测阴性,对狐狸、水貂DNA的检测低限分别为2. 8pg/μl、0. 9pg/μl,对肉类混样检出限为0. 05%(m/m)。对目标源性DNA含量为1%(V/V)的32份饲料与食品核酸添加样本均呈对应目标检测阳性。结果表明,该方法特异性强、灵敏度高,适用于食品与饲料领域相关原料和产品的质量与安全检验。     

PD-L1基因敲除小鼠构建及初步表型验证

目的 程序性死亡配体-1(PD-L1)是免疫调节途径的重要因子,是抗肿瘤免疫疗法中重要的靶标之一。利用CRISPR/Cas9技术成功构建PD-L1基因敲除小鼠模型,并初步分析其表型。方法 构建Cas9和sgRNA载体,并转录获得RNA,通过显微注射方式将RNA注射到C57BL/6小鼠受精卵中,经过鉴定获得F₀代阳性小鼠。F₀代小鼠与野生型C57BL/6小鼠交配获得F₁代杂合子小鼠,再通过F₁代小鼠自交获得F₂代纯合子小鼠品系。随后通过Real-Time PCR和流式实验分别检测PD-L1基因在mRNA和蛋白质水平上的表达情况。结果 Real-Time PCR和流式实验检测结果显示与野生型C57小鼠相比,PD-L1纯合子小鼠的PD-L1 mRNA相对表达水平和细胞上的蛋白质表达均有显著性下降,仅测定到本底的信号,证实已成功构建PD-L1基因敲除小鼠品系,为PD-L1体内基因功能研究提供了新的小鼠模型。     

褪黑素对慢性脑低灌注大鼠海马齿状回区神经再生的影响

目的:研究褪黑素在慢性脑低灌注(Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion,CCH)大鼠模型中对神经再生的作用及机制。方法:使用双侧颈总动脉结扎法(bilateral common carotid artery occlusion,BCCAO)制备大鼠CCH模型,80只雄性的SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组20只:生理盐水治疗假手术组(Sham组)、生理盐水治疗模型组(BCCAO组)、褪黑素(5 mg/kg)治疗模型组(MT1组)、褪黑素(10 mg/kg)治疗模型组(MT2组)。连续腹腔注射褪黑素或生理盐水共4周。利用挖掘实验评估大鼠行为学;使用HE染色观察神经细胞变性及坏死;采取尼氏染色法观察大鼠海马齿状回区神经元损伤情况;利用免疫荧光法测定神经元特异核蛋白(NeuN)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(Ki67)、双皮质素(DCX)的表达;利用Western Blot法测定大鼠海马区脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、酪氨酸激酶B受体(TrkB)含量的表达。结果:和Sham组相比,BCCAO组大鼠挖掘能力明显下降(P0.01),HE和尼氏染色出现神经细胞大量坏死、数量减少,NeuN阳性细胞数增加(P0.01)、Ki67/DCX阳性细胞数无明显增加(P0.05),BDNF、TrkB蛋白含量明显低于假手术组(P0.01)。与BCCAO组相比,MT1组和MT2组大鼠挖掘能力均明显改善(P0.01),HE和尼氏染色显示神经元存活数量增加,MT1组NeuN阳性细胞数增加(P0.05)、Ki67/DCX阳性细胞数增加(P0.05),MT2组NeuN、Ki67/DCX阳性细胞数明显增加(P0.01),MT1组及MT2组BDNF、TrkB蛋白含量明显增加(P0.01)。结论:褪黑素促进了CCH大鼠海马齿状回区神经再生和行为学的改变,其机制可能与激活BDNF-TrkB信号转导通路有关。