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101.
G. Sybren de Hoog Michel Monod Ann Packeu Dirk Stubbe Marijke Hendrickx Christiane Kupsch J. Benjamin Stielow Joanna Freeke Markus Göker Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei Hossein Mirhendi Yvonne Gräser 《Mycopathologia》2017,182(1-2):5-31
Type and reference strains of members of the onygenalean family Arthrodermataceae have been sequenced for rDNA ITS and partial LSU, the ribosomal 60S protein, and fragments of β-tubulin and translation elongation factor 3. The resulting phylogenetic trees showed a large degree of correspondence, and topologies matched those of earlier published phylogenies demonstrating that the phylogenetic representation of dermatophytes and dermatophyte-like fungi has reached an acceptable level of stability. All trees showed Trichophyton to be polyphyletic. In the present paper, Trichophyton is restricted to mainly the derived clade, resulting in classification of nearly all anthropophilic dermatophytes in Trichophyton and Epidermophyton, along with some zoophilic species that regularly infect humans. Microsporum is restricted to some species around M. canis, while the geophilic species and zoophilic species that are more remote from the human sphere are divided over Arthroderma, Lophophyton and Nannizzia. A new genus Guarromyces is proposed for Keratinomyces ceretanicus. Thirteen new combinations are proposed; in an overview of all described species it is noted that the largest number of novelties was introduced during the decades 1920–1940, when morphological characters were used in addition to clinical features. Species are neo- or epi-typified where necessary, which was the case in Arthroderma curreyi, Epidermophyton floccosum, Lophophyton gallinae, Trichophyton equinum, T. mentagrophytes, T. quinckeanum, T. schoenleinii, T. soudanense, and T. verrucosum. In the newly proposed taxonomy, Trichophyton contains 16 species, Epidermophyton one species, Nannizzia 9 species, Microsporum 3 species, Lophophyton 1 species, Arthroderma 21 species and Ctenomyces 1 species, but more detailed studies remain needed to establish species borderlines. Each species now has a single valid name. Two new genera are introduced: Guarromyces and Paraphyton. The number of genera has increased, but species that are relevant to routine diagnostics now belong to smaller groups, which enhances their identification. 相似文献
102.
B. Sikoparija C. A. Skjøth S. Celenk C. Testoni T. Abramidze K. Alm Kübler J. Belmonte U. Berger M. Bonini A. Charalampopoulos A. Damialis B. Clot Å. Dahl L. A. de Weger R. Gehrig M. Hendrickx L. Hoebeke N. Ianovici A. Kofol Seliger D. Magyar G. Mányoki S. Milkovska D. Myszkowska A. Páldy C. H. Pashley K. Rasmussen O. Ritenberga V. Rodinkova O. Rybníček V. Shalaboda I. Šaulienė J. Ščevková B. Stjepanović M. Thibaudon C. Verstraeten D. Vokou R. Yankova M. Smith 《Aerobiologia》2017,33(2):181-189
The European Commission Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action FA1203 “SMARTER” aims to make recommendations for the sustainable management of Ambrosia across Europe and for monitoring its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The goal of the present study is to provide a baseline for spatial and temporal variations in airborne Ambrosia pollen in Europe that can be used for the management and evaluation of this noxious plant. The study covers the full range of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. distribution over Europe (39°N–60°N; 2°W–45°E). Airborne Ambrosia pollen data for the principal flowering period of Ambrosia (August–September) recorded during a 10-year period (2004–2013) were obtained from 242 monitoring sites. The mean sum of daily average airborne Ambrosia pollen and the number of days that Ambrosia pollen was recorded in the air were analysed. The mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated regardless of the number of years included in the study period, while trends are based on those time series with 8 or more years of data. Trends were considered significant at p < 0.05. There were few significant trends in the magnitude and frequency of atmospheric Ambrosia pollen (only 8% for the mean sum of daily average Ambrosia pollen concentrations and 14% for the mean number of days Ambrosia pollen were recorded in the air). The direction of any trends varied locally and reflected changes in sources of the pollen, either in size or in distance from the monitoring station. Pollen monitoring is important for providing an early warning of the expansion of this invasive and noxious plant. 相似文献
103.
Marijke Hendrickx 《Current fungal infection reports》2017,11(2):60-65
Purpose of Review
The diagnosis of invasive fungal disease remains challenging in the clinical laboratory. In this paper, the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the identification of filamentous fungi as well as its application for antifungal resistance testing and strain typing is evaluated.Recent Findings
Most studies report very high accuracy for the identification of filamentous fungi by MALDI-TOF MS. Its cost effectiveness, short analysis time, and low error rate and the fact that it can also discriminate between closely related and cryptic species make it appropriate for implementation in the clinical routine. Two drawbacks remain in the availability of extended reference spectra databases and the fact that this technique can only be applied on isolates.Summary
More work on (simultaneous) antifungal susceptibility testing and strain typing is needed. The application of MALDI-TOF MS directly on clinical specimens would further improve the diagnosis of invasive fungal disease and improve its successful management.104.
Hendrickx AP Poor CB Jureller JE Budzik JM He C Schneewind O 《Molecular microbiology》2012,85(1):152-163
Bacillus cereus strains elaborate pili on their surface using a mechanism of sortase-mediated cross-linking of major and minor pilus components. Here we used a combination of electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy to visualize these structures. Pili occur as single, double or higher order assemblies of filaments formed from monomers of the major pilin, BcpA, capped by the minor pilin, BcpB. Previous studies demonstrated that within assembled pili, four domains of BcpA - CNA(1), CNA(2), XNA and CNA(3) - each acquire intramolecular lysine-asparagine isopeptide bonds formed via catalytic glutamic acid or aspartic acid residues. Here we showed that mutants unable to form the intramolecular isopeptide bonds in the CNA(2) or CNA(3) domains retain the ability to form pilus bundles. A mutant lacking the CNA(1) isopeptide bond assembled deformed pilin subunits that failed to associate as bundles. X-ray crystallography revealed that the BcpA variant Asp(312) Ala, lacking an aspartyl catalyst, did not generate the isopeptide bond within the jelly-roll structure of XNA. The Asp(312) Ala mutant was also unable to form bundles and promoted the assembly of deformed pili. Thus, structural integrity of the CNA(1) and XNA domains are determinants for the association of pili into higher order bundle structures and determine native pilus structure. 相似文献
105.
A breeding colony of Galago crassicaudatus panganiensis was maintained under laboratory conditions for four years, August 1971 to July 1975. The estrous cycle and the gestation period averaged 39 and 132 days in length, respectively. Twinning occurred in 14.5% of the pregnancies. No postpartum estrus was observed, although 1.2 conceptions per female per year were recorded. Breeding occurred throughout the year. Puberty occurred between ten and 18 months of age, the first conception occurred between 15 and 18 months of age, and reproductive capability decreased rapidly between ten and 12 years of age. 相似文献
106.
107.
Weemaes C de Cordt S Goossens K Ludikhuyze L Hendrickx M Heremans K Tobback P 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》1996,50(1):49-56
Three different alpha-amylases from Bacillus subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. licheniformis, were mutually compared with respect to thermal stability, pressure stability, and combined pressure-temperature stability. Measurements of residual enzyme activity and residual denaturation enthalpy showed that the alpha-amylase from B. licheniformis has by far the highest thermostability and that the two other alpha-amylases have thermostabilities of the same order of magnitude. FTIR spectroscopy showed that changes in the conformation of the alpha-amylases from B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, and B. licheniformis due to pressure occurred at about 6.5, 7.5, and 11 kbar, respectively. It seemed that, for the enzymes studied, thermal stability was correlated with pressure stability. As to the resistance under combined heat and high pressure, the alpha-amylase from B. licheniformis was much more stable than the alpha-amylases from B. amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis, the latter two being about equally stable. It appears that under high pressure and/or temperature, B. licheniformis alpha-amylase is the most resistant among the three enzymes studied. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
108.
Nonhuman primates and teratological research 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nonhuman primates were first recognized as models for the study of developmental toxicity (teratology) following the thalidomide tragedy. Since that time they have played important roles in both testing of drugs for human safety and as models for studying specific malformations commonly seen in children. Although in vitro and alternative test systems using lower animal forms or simplified test systems have been incorporated into developmental toxicity studies, whole animal testing will be required for the foreseeable future because of the complex relationship of the maternal/embryofetal/placental unit. The nonhuman primate will be particularly valuable where equivocal results are experienced in other commonly used laboratory species, when the drug/chemical is likely to be used during pregnancy, and for human-derived biotechnical products which often are not bioactive in nonprimate species. 相似文献
109.
Mapping of the gene for X-linked liver glycogenosis due to phosphorylase kinase deficiency to human chromosome region Xp22. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
P J Willems J Hendrickx B J Van der Auwera L Vits P Raeymaekers P J Coucke I Van den Bergh R Berger G P Smit C Van Broeckhoven 《Genomics》1991,9(4):565-569
X-linked liver glycogenosis (XLG) is a glycogenosis due to deficient activity of phosphorylase kinase (PHK) in liver. PHK consists of four different subunits, alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. Although it is unknown whether liver and muscle PHK subunits are encoded by the same genes, the muscle alpha subunit (PHKA) gene was a likely candidate gene for the mutation responsible for this X-linked liver glycogenosis as it was assigned to the X chromosome at q12-q13. Linkage analysis with X-chromosomal polymorphic DNA markers was performed in two families segregating XLG. First, multipoint linkage analysis excluded the muscle PHKA region as the site of the XLG mutation. Second, evidence was obtained for linkage between the XLG locus and DXS197, DXS43, DXS16, and DXS9 with two-point peak lod scores Zmax = 6.64, 3.75, 1.30, and 0.88, all at theta max = 0.00, respectively. Multipoint linkage results and analysis of recombinational events indicated that the mutation responsible for XLG is located in Xp22 between DXS143 and DXS41. 相似文献
110.
The developmental stages of 11 Cercopithecus aethiops embryos, 24 to 45 days post-mating, are described. The onset of organogenesis in this species is approximately five to seven days later than that reported for macaques and baboons. This temporal difference in the embryonic period is an important factor in the analysis of the subsequent teratogenic study. Oral administration of thalidomide in single or multiple (3-day) treatment periods to pregnant green monkeys between days 28 and 33 resulted in defects of the limbs which resemble those observed in macaques and baboons. However, the sensitive period occurs approximately four days later than that reported for another nonhuman primates. These results indicate that the sensitive period of the limbs to thalidomide coincides with their earliest development. 相似文献