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51.
Eleonore S Köhler Selvakumari Sankaranarayanan Christa J van Ginneken Paul van Dijk Jacqueline LM Vermeulen Jan M Ruijter Wouter H Lamers Elisabeth Bruder 《BMC developmental biology》2008,8(1):107
Background
Milk contains too little arginine for normal growth, but its precursors proline and glutamine are abundant; the small intestine of rodents and piglets produces arginine from proline during the suckling period; and parenterally fed premature human neonates frequently suffer from hypoargininemia. These findings raise the question whether the neonatal human small intestine also expresses the enzymes that enable the synthesis of arginine from proline and/or glutamine. Carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPS), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), arginase-1 (ARG1), arginase-2 (ARG2), and nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) were visualized by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry in 89 small-intestinal specimens. 相似文献52.
LM Harris L Blank RP Desai NE Welker ET Papoutsakis 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2001,27(5):322-328
The effect of solR inactivation on the metabolism of Clostridium acetobutylicum was examined using fermentation characterization and metabolic flux analysis. The solR-inactivated strain (SolRH) of this study had a higher rate of glucose utilization and produced higher solvent concentrations
(by 25%, 14%, and 81%, respectively, for butanol, acetone, and ethanol) compared to the wild type. Strain SolRH(pTAAD), carrying
a plasmid-encoded copy of the bifunctional alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (aad) used in butanol production, produced even higher concentrations of solvents (by 21%, 45%, and 62%, respectively, for butanol,
acetone, and ethanol) than strain SolRH. Clarithromycin used for strain SolRH maintenance during SolRH(pTAAD) fermentations
did not alter product formation; however, tetracycline used for pTAAD maintenance resulted in 90% lower solvent production.
Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2001) 27, 322–328.
Received 12 September 2000/ Accepted in revised form 21 July 2001 相似文献
53.
Joost LM Vissers Betty CAM van Esch Prescilla V Jeurink Gerard A Hofman Antoon JM van Oosterhout 《Respiratory research》2004,5(1):21
BackgroundPreviously, we demonstrated that OVA-loaded macrophages (OVA-Mφ) partially suppress OVA-induced airway manifestations of asthma in BALB/c mice. In vitro studies showed that OVA-Mφ start to produce IL-10 upon interaction with allergen-specific T cells, which might mediate their immunosuppressive effects. Herein, we examined whether IL-10 is essential for the immunosuppressive effects of OVA-Mφ in vivo, and whether ex vivo stimulation of the IL-10 production by OVA-Mφ could enhance these effects.MethodsPeritoneal Mφ were loaded with OVA and stimulated with LPS or immunostimulatory sequence oligodeoxynucleotide (ISS-ODN) in vitro. The increase of IL-10 production was examined and, subsequently, ex vivo stimulated OVA-Mφ were used to treat (i.v.) OVA-sensitized mice. To further explore whether Mφ-derived IL-10 mediates the immunosuppressive effects, Mφ isolated from IL-10-/- mice were used for treatment.ResultsWe found that stimulation with LPS or ISS-ODN highly increased the IL-10 production by OVA-Mφ (2.5-fold and 4.5-fold increase, respectively). ISS-ODN stimulation of OVA-Mφ significantly potentiated the suppressive effects on allergic airway inflammation. Compared to sham-treatment, ISS-ODN-stimulated OVA-Mφ suppressed the airway eosinophilia by 85% (vs. 30% by unstimulated OVA-Mφ), IL-5 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by 80% (vs. 50%) and serum OVA-specific IgE levels by 60% (vs. 30%). Importantly, IL-10-/-Mφ that were loaded with OVA and stimulated with ISS-ODN ex vivo, failed to suppress OVA-induced airway inflammation.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that Mφ-derived IL-10 mediates anti-inflammatory responses in a mouse model of allergic asthma, which both can be potentiated by stimulation with ISS-ODN. 相似文献
54.
55.
Rachel Hellman Marc Vanhove Annabelle Lejeune Fred J. Stevens Linda M. Hendershot 《The Journal of cell biology》1999,144(1):21-30
Immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein (BiP) is a member of the hsp70 family of chaperones and one of the most abundant proteins in the ER lumen. It is known to interact transiently with many nascent proteins as they enter the ER and more stably with protein subunits produced in stoichiometric excess or with mutant proteins. However, there also exists a large number of secretory pathway proteins that do not apparently interact with BiP. To begin to understand what controls the likelihood that a nascent protein entering the ER will associate with BiP, we have examined the in vivo folding of a murine λI immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain (LC). This LC is composed of two Ig domains that can fold independent of the other and that each possess multiple potential BiP-binding sequences. To detect BiP binding to the LC during folding, we used BiP ATPase mutants, which bind irreversibly to proteins, as “kinetic traps.” Although both the wild-type and mutant BiP clearly associated with the unoxidized variable region domain, we were unable to detect binding of either BiP protein to the constant region domain. A combination of in vivo and in vitro folding studies revealed that the constant domain folds rapidly and stably even in the absence of an intradomain disulfide bond. Thus, the simple presence of a BiP-binding site on a nascent chain does not ensure that BiP will bind and play a role in its folding. Instead, it appears that the rate and stability of protein folding determines whether or not a particular site is recognized, with BiP preferentially binding to proteins that fold slowly or somewhat unstably. 相似文献
56.
57.
Ethel R. Pereira Karen Frudd Walid Awad Linda M. Hendershot 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(6):3352-3364
58.
Betaines of alfalfa : characterization by fast atom bombardment and desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Wood KV Stringham KJ Smith DL Volenec JJ Hendershot KL Jackson KA Rich PJ Yang WJ Rhodes D 《Plant physiology》1991,96(3):892-897
Leaf tissue of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was found to contain prolinebetaine, pipecolatebetaine, hydroxyprolinebetaine, and glycinebetaine. As n-butyl esters, these chemical species exhibit molecular cations at mass/charge ratio (m/z) 200, 214, 216, and 174, respectively, when analyzed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The underivatized betaines exhibit protonated molecular ions at m/z 144, 158, 160, and 118, respectively, when analyzed by desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Extensive (>45-fold) genotypic variation for hydroxyprolinebetaine level was identified in alfalfa. Because a significant inverse correlation between prolinebetaine and hydroxyprolinebetaine levels was observed among 15 alfalfa genotypes evaluated, it is possible that these compounds may be derived from a common intermediate. Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) contained prolinebetaine, but only traces of glycinebetaine, pipecolatebetaine, and hydroxyprolinebetaine. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) lacked prolinebetaine, pipecolatebetaine, and hydroxyprolinebetaine, but contained appreciable levels of both glycinebetaine and trigonelline. Trigonelline was not detectable in the leaf tissue of any alfalfa genotype or cultivar evaluated. 相似文献
59.
ERdj3, a stress-inducible endoplasmic reticulum DnaJ homologue, serves as a cofactor for BiP's interactions with unfolded substrates 下载免费PDF全文
We recently identified ERdj3 as a component of unassembled immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain:BiP complexes. ERdj3 also associates with a number of other protein substrates, including unfolded light chains, a nonsecreted Ig light chain mutant, and the VSV-G ts045 mutant at the nonpermissive temperature. We produced an ERdj3 mutant that was unable to stimulate BiP's ATPase activity in vitro or to bind BiP in vivo. This mutant retained the ability to interact with unfolded protein substrates, suggesting that ERdj3 binds directly to proteins instead of via interactions with BiP. BiP remained bound to unfolded light chains longer than ERdj3, which interacted with unfolded light chains initially, but quickly disassociated before protein folding was completed. This suggests that ERdj3 may bind first to substrates and serve to inhibit protein aggregation until BiP joins the complex, whereas BiP remains bound until folding is complete. Moreover, our findings support a model where interactions with BiP help trigger the release of ERdj3 from the substrate:BiP complex. 相似文献
60.
The mammalian unfolded protein response (UPR) includes two major branches: one(s) specific to ER stress (Ire1/XBP-1 and ATF6-dependent), and one(s) shared by other cellular stresses (PERK/eIF-2alpha phosphorylation-dependent). Here, we demonstrate that the ER-localized protein Herp represents a second target, in addition to CHOP, that is dually regulated by both the shared and the ER stress-specific branches during UPR activation. For the first time, we are able to assess the contribution of each branch of the UPR in the induction of these targets. We demonstrate that activation of the shared branch of the UPR alone was sufficient to induce Herp and CHOP. ATF4 was not required during ER stress when both branches were used but did contribute significantly to their induction. Conversely, stresses that activated only the shared branch of the UPR were completely dependent on ATF4 for CHOP and Herp induction. Thus, the shared and the ER stress-specific branches of the UPR diverge to regulate two groups of targets, one that is ATF6 and Ire1/XBP-1-dependent, which includes BiP and XBP-1, and another that is eIF-2alpha kinase-dependent, which includes ATF4 and GADD34. The two branches also converge to maximally up-regulate targets like Herp and CHOP. Finally, our studies reveal that a PERK-dependent target other than ATF4 is contributing to the cross-talk between the two branches of the UPR that has previously been demonstrated. 相似文献