全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1033篇 |
免费 | 107篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 22篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 18篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 31篇 |
2015年 | 47篇 |
2014年 | 59篇 |
2013年 | 70篇 |
2012年 | 86篇 |
2011年 | 71篇 |
2010年 | 39篇 |
2009年 | 40篇 |
2008年 | 55篇 |
2007年 | 61篇 |
2006年 | 58篇 |
2005年 | 52篇 |
2004年 | 59篇 |
2003年 | 43篇 |
2002年 | 46篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 7篇 |
1961年 | 3篇 |
1960年 | 3篇 |
1937年 | 3篇 |
1936年 | 4篇 |
1935年 | 4篇 |
1931年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1140条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
Helene F. Rosenberg Jianzhi Zhang You-Di Liao Kimberly D. Dyer 《Journal of molecular evolution》2001,53(1):31-38
We present sequences of five novel RNase A superfamily ribonuclease genes of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. All five genes encode ribonucleases that are similar to Onconase, a cytotoxic ribonuclease isolated from oocytes of R. pipiens. With amino acid sequence data from 14 ribonucleases from three Rana species (R. catesbeiana, R. japonica, and R. pipiens), we have constructed bootstrap-supported phylogenetic trees that reorganize these ribonucleases into five distinct lineages--the pancreatic ribonucleases (RNases 1), the eosinophil-associated ribonucleases (RNases 2, 3, and 6), the ribonucleases 4, the angiogenins (RNases 5) and the Rana ribonucleases--with the Rana ribonucleases no more closely related to the angiogenins than they are to any of the other ribonuclease lineages shown. Further phylogenetic analysis suggests the division of the Rana ribonucleases into two subclusters (A and B), with positive (Darwinian) selection (dN/dS > 1.0) and an elevated rate of radical nonsynonymous substitution (dR) contributing to the rapid diversification of ribonucleases within each cluster. This pattern of evolution-rapid diversification via positive selection among sequences of a multigene cluster-bears striking resemblance to what we have described for the eosinophil-associated ribonuclease genes of the rodent Mus musculus, a finding that may have implications with respect the physiologic function of this unique family of proteins. 相似文献
142.
Multiple cis Regulatory Elements Control RANTES Promoter Activity in Alveolar Epithelial Cells Infected with Respiratory Syncytial Virus
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of virology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
143.
Do female pied flycatchers seek extrapair copulations with familiar males? A test of the incomplete knowledge hypothesis 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Slagsvold Tore; Johnsen Arild; Lampe Helene M.; Lifjeld Jan T. 《Behavioral ecology》2001,12(4):412-418
In birds with biparental care, great variation exists in thefrequency of extrapair paternity. Several hypotheses have beenproposed to account for this variation. We tested the incompleteknowledge hypothesis, which states that females are constrainedin their knowledge of male quality and that this influencestheir willingness to engage in extrapair copulations (EPC).By selective removal and release of female pied flycatchersFicedula hypoleuca, we created a situation where females finallysettled with a social mate close to the site where a formersocial mate was breeding. According to the incomplete knowledgehypothesis, this would lower the threshold for females to seekextrapair copulations in cases where their former social matewas of higher quality than the one finally chosen. The hypothesiswas not supported because manipulation of female settlementdid not increase frequency of extrapair paternity, not evenin cases where the female nested close to the previous mateand the current mate apparently was of lower quality becausehe was younger and more dull colored. However, we found that
when extrapair paternity did occur, the cuckolder tended tobe a familiar male (i.e., the female's initial social mate). 相似文献
144.
Helene Knaus Gerhard A. Blab Alexandra V. Agronskaia Dave J. van den Heuvel Hans C. Gerritsen Han A. B. W?sten 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2013,79(20):6345-6350
Label-free nonlinear spectral imaging microscopy (NLSM) records two-photon-excited fluorescence emission spectra of endogenous fluorophores within the specimen. Here, NLSM is introduced as a novel, minimally invasive method to analyze the metabolic state of fungal hyphae by monitoring the autofluorescence of NAD(P)H and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Moreover, the presence of melanin was analyzed by NLSM. NAD(P)H, FAD, and melanin were used as biomarkers for freshness of mushrooms of Agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom) that had been stored at 4°C for 0 to 17 days. During this period, the mushrooms did not show changes in morphology or color detectable by eye. In contrast, FAD/NAD(P)H and melanin/NAD(P)H ratios increased over time. For instance, these ratios increased from 0.92 to 2.02 and from 0.76 to 1.53, respectively, at the surface of mushroom caps that had been harvested by cutting the stem. These ratios were lower under the skin than at the surface of fresh mushrooms (0.78 versus 0.92 and 0.41 versus 0.76, respectively), indicative of higher metabolism and lower pigment formation within the fruiting body. Signals were different not only between tissues of the mushroom but also between neighboring hyphae. These data show that NLSM can be used to determine the freshness of mushrooms and to monitor the postharvest browning process at an early stage. Moreover, these data demonstrate the potential of NLSM to address a broad range of fundamental and applied microbiological processes. 相似文献
145.
Helene Spengler 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1919,68(5-7):109-123
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
146.
Zusammenfassung Das Idiogramm vonGinkgo biloba zeigt bei Pflanzen aus dem Botanischen Garten der Universität Wien sowohl im weiblichen als auch im männlichen Geschlecht dieselben chromosomalen Verhältnisse. Von den 12 Chromosomen des haploiden Satzes sind 10 anisobrachial, während 2 submedian inseriert sind; eines dieser beiden zeichnet sich durch besondere Länge aus. Es konnten 2 Satelliten im haploiden Satz aufgefunden werden: der eine hängt am langen Schenkel eines anisobrachialen Chromosoms, der andere befindet sich am fast gleichschenkeligen, längsten Chromosom und sitzt hier an dem etwas kürzeren Schenkel. Die Unterschiede, die andere Autoren für das Idiogramm männlicher und weiblicher Pflanzen beschreiben, können nicht in Zusammenhang mit der Gesehlechtsbestimmung stehen; es handelt sich wahrscheinlich bloß um Fälle von struktureller Hybridität einzelner, zufällig gerade männlicher Bäume. 相似文献
147.
Giang Ngan Khong Nhu Thi Le Mai Thi Pham Helene Adam Carole Gauron Hoa Quang Le Dung Tien Pham Kelly Colonges Xuan Hoi Pham Vinh Nang Do Michel Lebrun Stefan Jouannic 《PLoS genetics》2021,17(6)
The number of grains per panicle is an important yield-related trait in cereals which depends in part on panicle branching complexity. One component of this complexity is the number of secondary branches per panicle. Previously, a GWAS site associated with secondary branch and spikelet numbers per panicle in rice was identified. Here we combined gene capture, bi-parental genetic population analysis, expression profiling and transgenic approaches in order to investigate the functional significance of a cluster of 6 ANK and ANK-TPR genes within the QTL. Four of the ANK and ANK-TPR genes present a differential expression associated with panicle secondary branch number in contrasted accessions. These differential expression patterns correlate in the different alleles of these genes with specific deletions of potential cis-regulatory sequences in their promoters. Two of these genes were confirmed through functional analysis as playing a role in the control of panicle architecture. Our findings indicate that secondary branching diversity in the rice panicle is governed in part by differentially expressed genes within this cluster encoding ANK and ANK-TPR domain proteins that may act as positive or negative regulators of panicle meristem’s identity transition from indeterminate to determinate state. 相似文献
148.
Helene Nitsche 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1937,86(3):161-197
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
149.
Summary The increase of lysogenization in phage infected cells has been investigated with increasing multiplicities of infection in the system Salmonella thyphimurium-phage P 22. The increase of infection resp. lysis and lysogenization with multiplicity follows first order reaction kinetics as concluded from multiplicities<0.3. Under the experimental conditions employed, the probability per phage is 0.57 for lysogenization and 0.43 for lysis. If multiplicity is>0.3 and cells are infected with more than one phage, the lysogenizations increase according to one hit kinetics, whereas the lysis of cells decreases. It is concluded, that lytic reactions in multicomplexes, which can be initiated independently by every one of the infecting phage particles will be suppressed by lysogenic reactions initiated by other independently infecting phages of the complex. Our experiments suggest, that immunity of the prelysogenic condition is the process responsible for the suppression of the lytic reaction. Therefore, in multicomplexes the immunity induced by one of the infecting phages is superimposed upon the one hit lytic infection causing the percentage of lysogenization increasing with multiplicity. 相似文献
150.
Mohammad-Panah Raha; Demolombe Sophie; Riochet David; Leblais Veronique; Loussouarn Gildas; Pollard Helene; Baro Isabelle; Escande Denis 《American journal of physiology. Cell physiology》1998,274(2):C310
We investigated whether high levels of expression of the cysticfibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) would alter thefunctional properties of newly synthesized recombinant proteins. COS-7,CFPAC-1, and A549 cells were intranuclearly injected with a Simianvirus 40-driven pECE-CFTR plasmid and assayed for halide permeabilityusing the6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium fluorescent probe. With increasing numbers of microinjected pECE-CFTR copies, the baseline permeability to halide dose dependently increased, and the response to adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate(cAMP) stimulation decreased. In cells hyperexpressing CFTR, the high level of halide permeability was reduced when a cell metabolism poisoning cocktail was applied to decrease intracellular ATP and, inversely, was increased by orthovanadate. In CFPAC-1 cellsinvestigated with the patch-clamp technique, CFTR hyperexpression ledto a time-independent nonrectifying chloride current that was notsensitive to cAMP stimulation. CFPAC-1 cells hyperexpressing CFTRexhibited no outward rectifying chloride current nor inward rectifyingpotassium current either spontaneously or under cAMP stimulation. Weconclude that hyperexpression of recombinant CFTR proteins modifiestheir properties inasmuch as 1) CFTRchannels are permanently activated and not susceptible to cAMPregulation and 2) they lose their capacity to regulate heterologous ionic channels. 相似文献