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131.
Microbial solar cells: applying photosynthetic and electrochemically active organisms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Strik DP Timmers RA Helder M Steinbusch KJ Hamelers HV Buisman CJ 《Trends in biotechnology》2011,29(1):41-49
Microbial solar cells (MSCs) are recently developed technologies that utilize solar energy to produce electricity or chemicals. MSCs use photoautotrophic microorganisms or higher plants to harvest solar energy, and use electrochemically active microorganisms in the bioelectrochemical system to generate electrical current. Here, we review the principles and performance of various MSCs in an effort to identify the most promising systems, as well as the bottlenecks and potential solutions, for "real-life" MSC applications. We present an outlook on future applications based on the intrinsic advantages of MSCs, specifically highlighting how these living energy systems can facilitate the development of an electricity-producing green roof. 相似文献
132.
de Melo Alves Paiva R de Freitas Figueiredo R Antonucci GA Paiva HH de Lourdes Pires Bianchi M Rodrigues KC Lucarini R Caetano RC Linhari Rodrigues Pietro RC Gomes Martins CH de Albuquerque S Sampaio SV 《Biochimie》2011,93(5):941-947
The present article describes an l-amino acid oxidase from Bothrops atrox snake venom as with antiprotozoal activities in Trypanosoma cruzi and in different species of Leishmania (Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major). Leishmanicidal effects were inhibited by catalase, suggesting that they are mediated by H2O2 production. Leishmania spp. cause a spectrum of diseases, ranging from self-healing ulcers to disseminated and often fatal infections, depending on the species involved and the host’s immune response. BatroxLAAO also displays bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The apoptosis induced by BatroxLAAO on HL-60 cell lines and PBMC cells was determined by morphological cell evaluation using a mix of fluorescent dyes. As revealed by flow cytometry analysis, suppression of cell proliferation with BatroxLAAO was accompanied by the significant accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase boundary in HL-60 cells. BatroxLAAO at 25 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL blocked G0-G1 transition, resulting in G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, thereby delaying the progression of cells through S and G2/M phase in HL-60 cells. This was shown by an accentuated decrease in the proportion of cells in S phase, and the almost absence of G2/M phase cell population. BatroxLAAO is an interesting enzyme that provides a better understanding of the ophidian envenomation mechanism, and has biotechnological potential as a model for therapeutic agents. 相似文献
133.
134.
PS Galisa HA da Silva AV Macedo VM Reis MS Vidal JI Baldani JL Simões-Araújo 《Journal of microbiological methods》2012,89(1):1-7
Species of the family Pasteurellaceae play an important role as primary or opportunistic animal pathogens. In veterinary diagnostic laboratories identification of this group of bacteria is mainly done by phenotypic assays while genetic identification based on housekeeping genes is mostly used for research and particularly important diagnostic samples. MALDI-TOF MS seems to represent a promising alternative to the currently practiced cumbersome, phenotypic diagnostics carried out in many veterinary diagnostic laboratories. We therefore assessed its application for animal associated members of the family Pasteurellaceae. The Bruker Biotyper 3.0 database was complemented with reference spectra of clinically relevant as well as commensal animal Pasteurellaceae species using generally five strains per species or subspecies and tested for its diagnostic potential with additional, well characterized field isolates. About 250 strains comprising 15 genera and more than 40 species and subspecies were included in the study, covering most representatives of the family. A high discrimination at the genus and species level was observed. Problematic discrimination was only observed with some closely related species and subspecies. MALDI-TOF MS was shown to represent a highly potent method for the diagnosis of this group of animal pathogens, combining speed, precision and low running costs. 相似文献
135.
James A Mbah Moses N Ngemenya Ashime Louis Abawah Smith B Babiaka Lina N Nubed Kennedy D Nyongbela Njimoh Dieudonne Lemuh Simon MN Efange 《Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials》2012,11(1):1-10
Background
The global burden of bacterial infections is high and has been further aggravated by increasing resistance to antibiotics. In the search for novel antibacterials, three medicinal plants: Peperomia vulcanica, Peperomia fernandopoioana (Piperaceae) and Scleria striatinux (Cyperaceae), were investigated for antibacterial activity and toxicity.Methods
Crude extracts of these plants were tested by the disc diffusion method against six bacterial test organisms followed by bio-assay guided fractionation, isolation and testing of pure compounds. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal (MBC) concentrations were measured by the microdilution method. The acute toxicity of the active extracts and cytotoxicity of the active compound were performed in mice and mammalian cells, respectively.Results
The diameter of the zones of inhibition (DZI) of the extracts ranged from 7?C13?mm on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus of which the methylene chloride:methanol [1:1] extract of Scleria striatinux recorded the highest activity (DZI?=?13?mm). Twenty-nine pure compounds were screened and one, Okundoperoxide, isolated from S. striatinux, recorded a DZI ranging from 10?C19?mm on S. aureus. The MICs and MBCs indicated that the Peperomias had broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity. Toxicity tests showed that Okundoperoxide may have a low risk of toxicity with an LC50 of 46.88???g/mL.Conclusions
The antibacterial activity of these plants supports their use in traditional medicine. The pure compound, Okundoperoxide, may yield new antibacterial lead compounds following medicinal chemistry exploration. 相似文献136.
Kratz JM Teixeira MR Ferronato K Teixeira HF Koester LS Simões CM 《AAPS PharmSciTech》2012,13(1):118-124
Thalidomide is emerging as a therapeutic agent with renewed clinical importance, presenting anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory,
and antineoplasic properties. In this work, we studied the complexation of thalidomide with cyclodextrins as a strategy to
circumvent the poor aqueous solubility of the drug. Thalidomide–hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complexes were obtained by kneading
method and were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electronic microscopy.
The aqueous solubility and in vitro dissolution of thalidomide were significantly improved through the complexation. Physicochemical analysis of the complexes
in solid state revealed a decreased crystallinity of the complexed drug in comparison with free thalidomide. Thalidomide was
able to dissociate from the complexes and permeates across intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells with a favorable high permeability
profile equivalent to that of the free drug. In summary, the present results suggest that thalidomide–hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
complexes could be regarded as a promising strategy for improving the gastrointestinal absorption of thalidomide. 相似文献
137.
138.
Samad Ashrafi Didier Mugniéry Evelyn YJ van Heese Adriaan C. van Aelst Johannes Helder Gerrit Karssen 《ZooKeys》2012,(249):1-26
Meloidoderita salina
sp. n. is described and illustrated from the halophytic plant Atriplex portulacoides L. (sea purslane) growing in a micro-tidal salt marsh in the Mont-Saint-Michel Bay in France. This new species is the first member of Meloidoderita Poghossian, 1966 collected from a saline environment, and is characterized by the following features: sedentary mature females having a small swollen body with a clear posterior protuberance; slightly dorsally curved stylet, 19.9 µm long, with posteriorly sloping knobs; neck region irregular in shape and twisted; well developed secretory-excretory (S–E) pore, with markedly sclerotized S-E duct running posteriorly; prominent uterus bordered by a thick hyaline wall and filled with eggs. The adult female transforms into a cystoid. Eggs are deposited in both egg-mass and cystoid. Cystoids of Meloidoderita salina
sp.
n. display a unique sub-cuticular hexagonal beaded pattern.
Male without stylet, pharyngeal region degenerated, S-E duct prominent, deirids small, developed testis 97.5 µm long, spicules 18.4 µm long, cloacal opening ventrally protruded, small phasmids posterior to cloaca opening and situated at 5.9 (3.2–7.7) µm from tail end, and conical tail ending in a rounded terminus marked with one (rarely two) ventrally positioned mucro. Additionally, some young malesof the new species were observed enveloped in the last J2 cuticle. Second-stage juvenile body 470 µm long, with a 16.4 µm long stylet, prominent rounded knobs set off from the shaft, hemizonid anterior and adjacent to S-E pore, small deirids located just above S-E pore level, genital primordium located at 68–77% of body length, phasmids small and located at about 19 µm from tail tip, and tail 38.7 µm long, tapering to finely pointed terminus with a finger-like projection. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly full length small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences of Meloidoderita salina
sp. n. revealed a close relationship of the new species with Sphaeronema alni Turkina & Chizhov, 1986 and placed these two species sister to the rest of Criconematina. 相似文献
139.
140.