Mathematical analysis of multienzyme systems. II. Steady state and transient control.

The control theory of steady states, previously presented for linear enzymatic systems (Heinrich and Rapoport, 1974) is extended to nonlinear systems. On the basis of three theorems a new procedure for the calculation of the control strength and of the control matrix is developed. The theory is applied to the extended model of glycolysis of erythrocytes, which includes also ATP-consuming processes. Also in this model the glycolytic flux is mainly controlled by the hexokinase-phosphofructokinase-system. The control strengths of the pyruvate kinase and of the enzymes of the 2.3 P2G-bypass are negligibly small. The control strength of the ATPase is negative, i.e. an activation of this enzyme leads to a decrease of the flux. For transition states of multienzyme systems definitions are given for the mean time required for the transition of the metabolites and for the "transient control" of enzymes. Enzymes with a pronounced influence on the transition time are called time-limiting enzymes. Enzymes which excert strong control on the time-dependent processes may have little influence under steady state conditions and vice versa. The transition times of ATP have been calculated for transient states of glycolysis.     

Beiträge zur Vitalfärbung von Pilzmyzelien II

Ohne ZusammenfassungBeitr. z. Vitalf. v. Pilzmyzelien I; Flora134, S. 58, 1939.     

Effect of indomethacin on hepatic glucose production in vitro: the impact of hepatic glycogen content

The effect of indomethacin (IND) on glucagon-induced hepatic glucose production (HGP) was studied in the isolated perfused livers of rats. Addition of IND (0.2 mM) to the perfusion medium had no effect on glucagon-stimulated HGP when compared to control experiments without added IND (1.02 +/- 0.17 vs. 1.00 +/- 0.26 mmol per (120 min X 100 g b.w.), respectively; NS). Intravenous pretreatment with both, IND (10 mg/kg b.w.), or vehicle resulted in a reduction in glucagon-induced HGP due to a decrease in hepatic glycogen content. A complete depletion of the hepatic glycogen pool and thus a lack in glucagon-stimulated HGP was observed when IND was given intraperitoneally. These results indicate that the changes in HGP observed after pretreatment with IND may largely if not completely be due to a non-specific depletion in hepatic glycogen content and that IND does not exert a direct influence on HGP.     

Histologische Untersuchungen zur Frage der Struktur- und FarbverÄnderungen an Federn nach künstlicher (Thyroxin-) Mauser

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Oribatid mites (Acari,Oribatida) from riverine environments of some islands in Oceania

A checklist of identified oribatid mite taxa from riverine freshwater environments from six islands in Polynesia (New Caledonia, Tahiti, Moorea, Rurutu, Tubuai, Raiatea) is presented; 18 species, 16 genera and eight families were recorded. Trhypochthoniellus longisetus (Berlese, 1904) and Trimalaconothrus albulus Hammer, 1972 prevailed on distribution. Fortuynia smiti sp. n. (Fortuyniidae) is described from New Caledonia. The new speciesis morphologically most similar to Fortuynia marina Hammen, 1960 from New Guinea, but it differs from the latter by the longer notogastral setae dm, lm, c₂, p₁, epimeral setae 3b and adanal setae ad₁ and the presence of prodorsal lateral ridges.     

Moenomycin: An inhibitor of C55-isoprenoid-alcohol kinase from Staphylococcus aureus

The effect of a variety of structurally diverse antibiotics on C₅₅-isoprenoid-alcohol kinase (EC 2.7.1.66) from Staphylococcus aureus has been examined. Only moenomycin was found to be inhibitory (K_i = 0.2 mM).Moenocinol, The C₂₅ lipid component of moenomycin, did not serve as a substrate of kinase reaction and was less inhibitory than the intact antibiotic.It is concluded that the observed inhibition may be due to the structural similarity between C₅₅-isoprenylmonophosphate and the substituted moenocinol moiety of moenomycin.