乙肝患者肝纤维化血清标志物表达水平及其临床意义

目的探讨乙肝患者肝纤维化血清标志物表达水平及其与病情、病程的关系。方法用R IA方法对135例乙肝患者进行血清透明质酸酶(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型胶原前体(PⅢC)、Ⅳ型胶原(ⅣC)检测。结果乙肝患者血清中HA、LN、PⅢC和ⅣC水平分别为(338.7±122.6)、(226.2±43.3)、(152.8±33.7)和(132.6±41.1)μg/L。其中,急性黄疸肝炎、慢性肝炎轻度、慢性肝炎中度、慢性肝炎重度、肝硬变代偿期、肝硬变失代偿期、肝癌和肝硬变+肝癌患者HA、LN、PⅢC和ⅣC水平分别为(134.2±101.4)、(185.1±104.5)、(373.5±147.1)、(445.5±123.6)、(477.3±186.0)、(653.7±98.5)、(597.5±91.3)和(723.6±110.4)μg/L;(106.7±31.3)、(179.5±28.5)、(234.6±66.1)、(287.3±57.0)、(294.8±66.4)、(345.6±61.2)、(322.1±71.0)和(357.8±88.3)μg/L;(103.5±19.2)、(108.6±21.4)、(145.3±37.3)、(194.5±41.7)、(188.8±39.5)、(247.6±48.0)、(251.3±37.3)和(286.7±35.8)μg/L;(49.6±14.7)、(83.4±15.3)、(134.5±50.5)、(178.7±61.4)、(183.2±61.3)、(256.8±72.4)、(217.7±64.5)和(281.1±57.0)μg/L。结论肝癌、肝硬化、肝硬变+肝癌和慢性肝炎重度患者存在明显的肝纤维化征象,急性黄疸肝炎、慢性肝炎轻度患者肝纤维化程度较轻,在一定范围内肝纤维化程度与肝病的病情、病程关系密切。     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from the pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Thirteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed from an enriched partial genomic library for the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), one of the most important cotton pests in the world. The total number of alleles ranged from two to 12 for a sample of 50 individuals and the expected heterozygosity at these loci ranged from 0.042 to 0.830. Although the presence of null alleles in some loci is suspected, these polymorphic markers are likely to provide useful tools for the population genetic studies of this species.     

Interspecific Infanticide and Infant‐Directed Aggression by Spider Monkeys (Ateles hybridus) in a Fragmented Forest in Colombia

Interspecific aggression amongst nonhuman primates is rarely observed and has been mostly related to scenarios of resource competition. Interspecific infanticide is even rarer, and both the ultimate and proximate socio‐ecological factors explaining this behavior are still unclear. We report two cases of interspecific infanticide and five cases of interspecific infant‐directed aggression occurring in a well‐habituated primate community living in a fragmented landscape in Colombia. All cases were initiated by male brown spider monkeys (Ateles hybridus) and were directed toward infants of either red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus: n = 6 cases) or white‐fronted capuchins (Cebus albifrons: n = 1 case). One individual, a subadult spider monkey male, was involved in all but one case of interspecific infanticide or aggression. Other adult spider monkeys participated in interspecific aggression that did not escalate into potentially lethal encounters. We suggest that competition for food resources and space in a primate community living in high population densities and restricted to a forest fragment of ca. 65 ha might partly be driving the observed patterns of interspecific aggression. On the other hand, the fact that all but one case of interspecific infanticide and aggression involved the only subadult male spider monkey suggests this behavior might either be pathological or constitute a particular case of redirected aggression. Even if the underlying principles behind interspecific aggression and infanticide are poorly understood, they represent an important factor influencing the demographic trends of the primate community at this study site. Am. J. Primatol. 74:990‐997, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Photosynthetic limitations and volatile and non‐volatile isoprenoids in the poikilochlorophyllous resurrection plant Xerophyta humilis during dehydration and rehydration

We investigated the photosynthetic limitations occurring during dehydration and rehydration of Xerophyta humilis, a poikilochlorophyllous resurrection plant, and whether volatile and non‐volatile isoprenoids might be involved in desiccation tolerance. Photosynthesis declined rapidly after dehydration below 85% relative water content (RWC). Raising intercellular CO₂ concentrations during desiccation suggest that the main photosynthetic limitation was photochemical, affecting energy‐dependent RuBP regeneration. Imaging fluorescence confirmed that both the number of photosystem II (PSII) functional reaction centres and their efficiency were impaired under progressive dehydration, and revealed the occurrence of heterogeneous photosynthesis during desiccation, being the basal leaf area more resistant to the stress. Full recovery in photosynthetic parameters occurred on rehydration, confirming that photosynthetic limitations were fully reversible and that no permanent damage occurred. During desiccation, zeaxanthin and lutein increased only when photosynthesis had ceased, implying that these isoprenoids do not directly scavenge reactive oxygen species, but rather protect photosynthetic membranes from damage and consequent denaturation. X. humilis was found to emit isoprene, a volatile isoprenoid that acts as a membrane strengthener in plants. Isoprene emission was stimulated by drought and peaked at 80% RWC. We surmise that isoprene and non‐volatile isoprenoids cooperate in reducing membrane damage in X. humilis, isoprene being effective when desiccation is moderate while non‐volatile isoprenoids operate when water deficit is more extreme.     

气候变化影响下大兴安岭地区21世纪森林火险等级变化预测

基于HadCM3模式输出的A2a和B2a情景下气候基准时段(1961-1990年)与未来不同时段(2010-2039年,2040-2069年,2070-2099年)的气候情景数据,结合Delta、WGEN降尺度方法和加拿大火险天气指标系统,划分了黑龙江大兴安岭地区森林火险等级,预估了研究区2010-2099年森林火险等级相对于基准年的变化,分析了森林火险等级长期预测的不确定性.结果表明:气候变化影响下,研究区21世纪平均极高、很高、中等火险的年均日数呈上升趋势,高、低火险的年均日数呈降低趋势.与基准年相比,A2a和B2a情景下研究区2040-2069年极高和很高火险的年均日数分别增加了43和36 d,2070-2099年分别增加了62和61 d.     

IRE1α induces thioredoxin-interacting protein to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and promote programmed cell death under irremediable ER stress

When unfolded proteins accumulate to irremediably high levels within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), intracellular signaling pathways called the unfolded protein response (UPR) become hyperactivated to?cause programmed cell death. We discovered that?thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is?a critical node in this "terminal UPR." TXNIP becomes rapidly induced by IRE1α, an ER bifunctional kinase/endoribonuclease (RNase). Hyperactivated IRE1α increases TXNIP mRNA stability by reducing levels of a TXNIP destabilizing microRNA, miR-17. In turn, elevated TXNIP protein activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, causing procaspase-1 cleavage and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) secretion. Txnip gene deletion reduces pancreatic β cell death during ER stress and suppresses diabetes caused by proinsulin misfolding in the Akita mouse. Finally, small molecule?IRE1α RNase inhibitors suppress TXNIP production to block IL-1β secretion. In summary, the IRE1α-TXNIP pathway is used in the terminal UPR to promote sterile inflammation and programmed cell death and may be targeted to develop effective treatments for cell degenerative diseases.     

妊娠足月前妇女阴道微生态失衡分析

目的 分析妊娠足月前妇女阴道微生态失衡状况.方法 选择孕12 ～ 37周健康无症状单胎妊娠期妇女1 900例,取其阴道分泌物,选用阴道pH、阴道清洁度、过氧化氢浓度(H2O2)、白细胞酯酶(LE)和唾液酸苷酶(SnaSe)等指标对阴道微生态失衡进行评价.结果 妊娠足月前妇女阴道pH为3.80±0.23,阴道微生态失衡发生率为50％,阴道分泌物检查清洁度Ⅲ～ Ⅳ不正常者980例,乳酸菌均阴性,H2O2阳性为53％,H2O2+LE均阳性为14％,H2O2+LE+ SnaSe均阳性+显微镜检出线索细胞妇女为10％,H2O2+LE均阳性+涂片镜检出酵母样真菌孢子妇女为19％,H2O2+LE均阳性+涂片镜检出滴虫妇女为2％.结论 妊娠足月前妇女阴道微生态失衡发生率50％.     

Group A human rotavirus genomics: evidence that gene constellations are influenced by viral protein interactions

Group A human rotaviruses (HRVs) are the major cause of severe viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children. To gain insight into the level of genetic variation among HRVs, we determined the genome sequences for 10 strains belonging to different VP7 serotypes (G types). The HRVs chosen for this study, D, DS-1, P, ST3, IAL28, Se584, 69M, WI61, A64, and L26, were isolated from infected persons and adapted to cell culture to use as serotype references. Our sequencing results revealed that most of the individual proteins from each HRV belong to one of three genotypes (1, 2, or 3) based on their similarities to proteins of genogroup strains (Wa, DS-1, or AU-1, respectively). Strains D, P, ST3, IAL28, and WI61 encode genotype 1 (Wa-like) proteins, whereas strains DS-1 and 69M encode genotype 2 (DS-1-like) proteins. Of the 10 HRVs sequenced, 3 of them (Se584, A64, and L26) encode proteins belonging to more than one genotype, indicating that they are intergenogroup reassortants. We used amino acid sequence alignments to identify residues that distinguish proteins belonging to HRV genotype 1, 2, or 3. These genotype-specific changes cluster in definitive regions within each viral protein, many of which are sites of known protein-protein interactions. For the intermediate viral capsid protein (VP6), the changes map onto the atomic structure at the VP2-VP6, VP4-VP6, and VP7-VP6 interfaces. The results of this study provide evidence that group A HRV gene constellations exist and may be influenced by interactions among viral proteins during replication.     

剑花蟹蛛的雄性新发现(蜘蛛目:蟹蛛科)

描述了采自中国四川的剑花蟹蛛Xysticus sicus Fox,1937,其雄性系首次发现。标本保存于河北大学博物馆。