High-throughput measuring of meiotic recombination rates in barley pollen nuclei using Crystal Digital PCRTM

Breeding exploits novel allelic combinations assured by meiotic recombination. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) single pollen nucleus genotyping enables measurement of meiotic recombination rates in gametes before fertilization without the need for segregating populations. However, so far, established methods rely on whole-genome amplification of every single pollen nucleus due to their limited DNA content, thus restricting the number of analyzed samples. In this study, high-throughput measurements of meiotic recombination rates in barley pollen nuclei without whole-genome amplification were performed through a Crystal Digital PCR^TM-based genotyping assay. Meiotic recombination rates within two centromeric and two distal chromosomal intervals were measured in hybrid plants by genotyping a total of >42 000 individual pollen nuclei (up to 4900 nuclei analyzed per plant). Determined recombination frequencies in pollen nuclei were similar to frequencies in segregating populations. We improved the efficiency of the genotyping by pretreating the pollen nuclei with a thermostable restriction enzyme. Additional opportunities for a higher sample throughput and a further increase of the genotyping efficiency are presented and discussed. Taken together, single barley pollen nucleus genotyping based on Crystal Digital PCR^TM enables reliable, rapid and high-throughput meiotic recombination measurements within defined chromosomal intervals of intraspecific hybrid plants. The successful encapsulation of nuclei from a range of species with different nuclear and genome sizes suggests that the proposed method is broadly applicable to genotyping single nuclei.     

CTB/CS3融合蛋白与GM1结合能力和免疫原性的分析

免疫霍乱毒素B亚单位（CTB）或肠毒素大肠杆菌（ETEC）定居因子CS3可使人体对ETEC的侵染有保护作用.为探索研制ETEC双组分亚单位疫苗的可行性,利用大肠杆菌诱导表达系统表达了CTB与CS3的融合蛋白（CTB/CS3）.蛋白质印迹结果表明,诱导表达的29 ku蛋白具有CTB和CS3蛋白双重抗原性.经Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化获得重组蛋白CTB/CS3,复性的重组蛋白可以部分形成五聚体并保留了与神经节苷脂GM1的结合能力.动物实验表明,融合蛋白CTB/CS3具有CTB和CS3蛋白的双重免疫原性,同时,CTB的免疫载体作用提高了CS3的免疫强度.     

Function and energy metabolism of isolated hearts obtained from hyperthyroid spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)

It was the aim of this study to evaluate the effects of hyperthyroidism on heart function and cardiac energy metabolism of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Hyperthyroidism was induced by daily injections of T₃ (0.2 mg/kg s.c.) for 14 days. The hearts were then isolated and perfused in the Langendorff mode. ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were measured continuously by means of³¹P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Work load was altered by varying stepwise the Ca⁺⁺ concentration in the perfusion fluid from 0.5 to 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mM, respectively. At every elevation of the Ca⁺⁺ concentration, the increase in left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) was higher in the hyperthyroid SHR than in the untreated SHR hearts. The ATP and PCr concentrations were lower in the hyperthyroid SHR compared to the untreated SHR hearts throughout the perfusion period. PCr decreased at every Ca⁺⁺ elevation in both the untreated and hyperthyroid SHR hearts. The PCr/ATP ratio was not altered at any Ca⁺⁺ concentration neither in the untreated SHR nor in the hyperthyroid SHR hearts. The Ca⁺⁺-induced stepwise elevation in LVDP was higher at any given PCr/Pi ratio in the hyperthyroid SHR than in the untreated SHR hearts. Thus, the Ca⁺⁺-inducible contractile reserve was greater in the hyperthyroid SHR heart.     

子宫内膜癌患者血浆溶血磷脂酸、血清癌抗原125及人附睾蛋白4的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨子宫内膜癌患者血浆溶血磷脂酸(LPA)、血清癌抗原125(CA125)及人附睾蛋白4(HE4)的表达及与临床病理特征的关系。方法:选取2014年3月到2016年6月在同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院进行治疗的子宫内膜癌患者76例作为观察组,另选取我院同期收治的子宫内膜增生症患者50例作为良性病变组,再选取同期在我院体检结果为健康的志愿者50例作为对照组。比较三组受试者血浆LPA、血清CA125以及HE4水平。以病理检测结果为金标准,计算血浆LPA、血清CA125、HE4诊断子宫内膜癌的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。分析子宫内膜癌患者血浆LPA、血清CA125以及HE4水平与临床病理特征的关系。结果:观察组的血浆LPA、血清CA125以及HE4水平均高于对照组和良性病变组(P0.05),良性病变组的血浆中CA125水平高于对照组(P0.05)。血浆LPA、血清CA125以及HE4诊断子宫内膜癌的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。子宫内膜癌患者LPA水平与年龄、肿瘤直径无关(P0.05),与淋巴结转移、临床分期、分化程度、疾病类型有关(P0.05);CA125、HE4水平与年龄、疾病类型无关(P0.05),与淋巴结转移、临床分期、肿瘤直径、分化程度有关(P0.05)。结论:子宫内膜癌患者血浆LPA、血清CA125以及HE4水平偏高,LPA、CA125、HE4与部分临床病理参数相关,三指标对子宫内膜癌均有较高的诊断价值。     

四川梅花鹿的行为谱及PAE编码系统

2007年3-11月每月定期5 d,每天06:00-18:00在四川省铁布自然保护区的冻列乡、崇尔乡、热尔乡观察记录四川梅花鹿行为发生过程、内容、结果及其周围生境.建立了四川梅花鹿的行为谱、警戒行为谱及其PAE编码系统,填补了有蹄类警戒行为PAE编码的空白.分辨并记录了四川梅花鹿的11种姿势、83种动作及136种行为,描述了各种行为的相对发生频次与性别、年龄、季节的关系.与其他有蹄类相比,梅花鹿的行为与鹿科其他动物有相似之处.     

“海洋微生物学实验”课程思政探索和实践

"海洋微生物学实验"课程是高等院校海洋科学类专业的重要基础课程,在海洋科学人才培养过程中发挥重要作用。开展"海洋微生物学实验"课程的思政建设,是落实高校全员全程全方位培养青年海洋微生物人才的重要途径。本文以"海洋微生物学实验"课程为例,挖掘提炼课程中蕴含的思政元素,从课程建设、教学理念、教学目标、教学方法、考核评价体系、教学反思等方面开展课程思政教育的探索和实践,旨在将专业知识和思政元素有机融合,实现知识传授和价值引领同频共振。     

重要谷类种子贮藏蛋白的特性及改良研究

在成熟谷类种子中,总蛋白约为种子干重的7％～16％,其中大部分为贮藏蛋白。这些贮藏蛋白对于人类和牲畜所需要的营养质量以及在食品加工中都有重要的影响。本文对一些重要谷类种子贮藏蛋白的组成特性以及利用基因工程技术提高谷类种子蛋白质含量和质量进行了全面综述。此外,还简要介绍了在利用基因工程改良谷物种子品质中可能产生的食品安全性问题、如何增加外源基因的表达量和全面提高谷类种子蛋白质含量以及解决的办法。     

基于EALCO模型对中亚热带人工针叶林CO2通量季节变异的模拟

 EALCO模型是一个基于生理生态学过程,模拟生态系统下垫面与大气之间水、热和碳通量交换的综合模型。将该模型应用在亚热带常绿针叶林, 对其生态系统过程进行了模拟,以深入探讨季节性干旱对生态系统过程的影响。对EALCO模型进行了参数化与初始化并对模型的光合作用时段和 落叶机制进行了改进,以更好地模拟亚热带人工针叶林生态系统。千烟洲通量观测站自2002年底开始应用涡度相关技术对中亚热带人工针叶林 生态系统进行通量观测,该站点2003年经历了一次较严重的季节性干旱(由高温与少雨综合作用造成),降水量仅为多年平均值的65%,而2004年 的年降水量与多年平均值较为接近,利用该站点2003和2004年特殊的气候条件,使用其通量观测数据对模型的模拟效果进行检验。从模拟结果 的总体趋势来看,模型能较好地从半小时、日及年尺度上反映两年内土壤-植被-大气之间的碳交换状况。总初级生产力(Gross primary production, GPP)在一年中呈现单峰型变化,遇高温及干旱胁迫GPP值下降。由于受到干旱胁迫的影响,2003年GPP值比2004年偏低12.9%。模拟 结果显示,2003年GPP值比2004年偏低11.2%。观测数据与模拟结果均显示,水分胁迫期间净碳交换量(Net ecosystem production, NEP)模拟值 与实测值的日变化均呈现一种“偏态",即一天中生态系统碳交换量最大值出现在上午某一时刻,之后逐渐降低。 模拟结果显示,水分匮缺对 光合能力的影响比对生态系统呼吸作用的影响更为强烈,因而导致了净生态系统生产力的降低。进一步分析表明,水分匮缺期间,晴天正午之 前,深层土壤( >20 cm) 水分的匮缺抑制了光合作用能力,正午之后,高温与深层土壤水分匮缺共同削弱光合作用能力,影响各占一半。     

山西灵空山小蛇沟林下草本层植物群落梯度分析及环境解释

通过对山西灵空山小蛇沟集水区的林下草本层植物群落进行调查和多元分析——TWINSPAN分类、典范对应分析(CCA)与生境、生物因素变量分离, 探讨林分水平上草本层物种分布与环境因子之间的关系。结果如下: 1) TWINSPAN将26个调查样方划分为6种群落类型: 以辽东栎(Quercus wutaishanica)为主的辽东栎-油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)林型、辽东栎杂木林型、辽东栎林型、华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)林型、油松林和阔叶油松林型、油松-辽东栎均匀混交林型, 体现了该地区地带性植被类型为暖温带森林的特点。2)群落类型的划分与CCA的结果相吻合, 主要反映了CCA排序第一、二轴的环境梯度, CCA排序轴第一轴突出反映了林分类型与土壤养分梯度, 第二排序轴与坡度、坡位显著相关。Monte Carlo检验结果表明, 林分类型、土壤养分和坡度是影响小蛇沟集水区内林下草本物种分异的最主要的环境因子。3)生境因子与生物因子解释了物种格局变化的42.9%, 其中生境因子占31.8%, 生物因子占7.9%, 生境因子与生物因子交互作用解释部分占3.2%。良好的环境解释反映了调查取样和环境因子选取的合理性。对于50%以上未能被解释的变异部分, 可能归咎于未被选取的因子如干扰或者随机过程。4)在海拔梯度较小的山区, 坡向等小地形因子能较好地指示局部生境的小气候条件, 对林下植物的分布有较好的解释力。     

Motor supply of the dorsal longitudinal muscles II: Comparison of motoneurone sets in Tracheata

The set of motoneurones (MNs) supplying a specific ensemble of dorsal longitudinal muscles was studied in several segments of a primarily apterygote insect, Lepisma saccharina (Zygentoma), and a centipede, Lithobius forficatus (Chilopoda). In all preparations, a distribution of the MNs in two adjacent ganglia is observed. The cell number and their morphology in the thorax of L. saccharina are similar to the equivalent neural system of two Caelifera species, whereas in the L. saccharina abdomen there is some reduction in cell number. It appears that for both dicondylean insect groups homologous MNs exist. For L. forficatus, 12 MNs are present in the anterior ganglion and 4 in the posterior one. The morphology of these neurones is different compared to the insect MNs supplying an apparently equivalent set of muscles. Additionally, the neural supply of the intersegmental dorsoventral muscle was studied in Schistocerca gregaria, L. saccharina and L. forficatus. Both insect species show a pronounced similarity of the MN set. Again, the neural set in L. forficatus is different from that of the Dicondylia. Our results support the idea that the structure of MNs in the largest present taxon of Insecta, the Dicondylia, is conserved irrespective of crucial changes in the periphery (e.g. primarily apterygote vs oterygote). The muscles and their neurones are probably part of a basic neuromuscular ground pattern. The pronounced differences in a centipede are discussed in phylogenetic terms.Abbreviations DLM dorsal longitudinal muscle - DUM dorsal unpaired median - ISM intersegmental dorsoventral muscle - MN motoneurone - M muscle (number) - N nerve (number)