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51.
BACKGROUND: Follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) usually have a benign clinical course, with an excellent long-term prognosis and a propensity for vascular invasion. The most common sites of metastases are lung and bone. Only a few reports are available on fine needle aspiration biopsy findings from metastatic lesions of FTC. CASES: A 68-year-old man presented with a thyroid mass and skin nodule on the scalp. Skin nodule aspiration revealed metastatic FTC. A 52-year-old woman and 60-year-old man were investigated for chronic anemia. As part of the routine investigation, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were performed from the posterior iliac crest and diagnosed as metastatic FTC. Further questioning revealed that the patients had undergone thyroidectomy 10 and 13 years earlier. The aspiration material in all 3 cases revealed epithelial cell clusters with marginal (fire-flare) vacuoles. CONCLUSION: Cytologic diagnosis of metastatic FTC has been reported rarely. Marginal (fire-flare) vacuoles aid in making the diagnosis of metastatic FTC. 相似文献
52.
Bipolar affective disorder is a common, severe, chronic, and often life-threatening illness, associated with other medical and psychiatric conditions (i.e., co-morbidity). The treatment of this devastating disorder was revolutionized by the discovery of lithium's antimanic effects over fifty years ago. Recent molecular and cellular biological studies have identified a number of unexpected targets for this monovalent cation, notably glycogen synthase kinase-3 and neurotrophic signaling cascades. These findings are leading to a reconceptualization of the biological underpinnings of bipolar disorder and are resulting in considerable interest in utilizing lithium for the treatment of certain neurodegenerative disorders. We review recent insights into lithium's actions including its direct inhibitory actions on inositol monophosphatase, inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase, glycogen synthase kinase-3, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, bisphosphate nucleotidase, and phosphoglucomutase enzymes. We also discuss lithium's intracellular downstream targets including adenylate cyclase, the phosphoinositol cascade (and its effect on protein kinase C), arachidonic acid metabolism, and effects on neurotrophic cascades. Many of the new insights of lithium's actions may lead to the strategic development of improved therapeutics for the treatment of bipolar disorder. 相似文献
53.
Bipolar disorder is a devastating disease with a lifetime incidence of about 1% in the general population. Suicide is the
cause of death in 10 to 15% of patients and in addition to suicide, mood disorders are associated with many other harmful
health effects. Mood stabilizers are medications used to treat bipolar disorder. In addition to their therapeutic effects
for the treatment of acute manic episodes, mood stabilizers are useful as prophylaxis against future episodes and as adjunctive
antidepressant medications. The most established and investigated mood-stabilizing drugs are lithium and valproate but other
anticonvulsants (such as carbamazepine and lamotrigine) and antipsychotics are also considered as mood stabilizers. Despite
the efficacy of these diverse medications, their mechanisms of action remain, to a great extent, unknown. Lithium’s inhibition
of some enzymes, such as inositol monophosphatase and gycogen synthase kinase-3, probably results in its mood-stabilizing
effects. Valproate may share its anticonvulsant target with its mood-stabilizing target or may act through other mechanisms.
It has been shown that lithium, valproate, and/or carbamazepine regulate numerous factors involved in cell survival pathways,
including cyclic adenine monophospate response element-binding protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, bcl-2, and mitogen-activated
protein kinases. These drugs have been suggested to have neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties that ameliorate impairments
of cellular plasticity and resilience underlying the pathophysiology of mood disorders. This article also discusses approaches
to develop novel treatments specifically for bipolar disorder. 相似文献
54.
Aldea GS Mori H Husseini WK Austin RE Hoffman JI 《American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology》2000,279(6):H2927-H2938
Increasing pressures to 30 mmHg in right (RV) and left (LV) ventricles and surrounding heart (SH) in isolated, arrested, maximally vasodilated, blood-perfused dog hearts shifted pressure-flow (PF) curves rightward and increased zero flow pressure (P(zf)) by an amount equal to the RV applied pressure, SH applied pressure, or two-thirds of the LV applied pressure. There were comparable increases in coronary venous pressures. Increasing LV or SH pressures decreased coronary blood flows, especially in the subendocardium. Decreases in driving pressure decreased flows in all layers, but even with driving pressure of 5 mmHg, a few subepicardial pieces had flow. We conclude with the following: 1) raising pressures inside or outside the heart shifts PF curves and raises P(zf) by increasing coronary venous pressure; 2) the effects are most prominent in the subendocardial muscle layer; and 3) as driving pressures are decreased, there is a range of P(zf) in the heart with the final P(zf) recorded due to the last little piece of muscle to be perfused. 相似文献
55.
Heme biosynthesis involves a number of enzymatic steps which in eukaryotes take place in different cell compartments. Enzyme compartmentalization differs between photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes. Here we investigated the structures and subcellular localizations of three enzymes involved in the heme pathway in Polytomella sp., a colorless alga evolutionarily related to the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Functional complementation of Escherichia coli mutant strains was used to isolate cDNAs encoding three heme biosynthetic enzymes, glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase, protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase, and ferrochelatase. All three proteins show highest similarity to their counterparts in photosynthetic organisms, including C. reinhardtii. All three proteins have N-terminal extensions suggestive of intracellular targeting, and immunoblot studies indicate their enrichment in a dense cell fraction that is enriched in amyloplasts. These results suggest that even though the plastids of Polytomella sp. are not photosynthetically active, they are the major site of heme biosynthesis. The presence of a gene for glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase suggests that Polytomella sp. uses the five-carbon pathway for synthesis of the heme precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid. 相似文献
56.
57.
W H Knospe S G Husseini S S Adler A H Reddi 《International journal of cell cloning》1985,3(5):320-329
Implants of bone and tooth matrix powder were placed subcutaneously (s.c.) on intraperitoneal (i.p.) Mitex or Polyvic membranes. Implants were removed for histology after 1-24 weeks. Macrophages, fibroblasts, and vascular sinusoids infiltrated around bone and tooth matrix particles after one week. In the s.c. tooth matrix implants, a few sites of cartilage formation and ossification developed at two weeks, and by three weeks granulocytopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis developed adjacent to new bone; erythropoiesis was not observed. In s.c. bone matrix implants and in the i.p. artificial membranes coated with bone or tooth matrix powder, ossification or hematopoiesis was not observed. Small numbers of CFU-s, CFU-nm, BFU-e, and CFU-e appeared 10-20 days after s.c. implantation of tooth matrix; none were detected in s.c. bone matrix implants. 相似文献
58.
Guang Chen Pei-Xong Yuan Yi-Ming Jiang Li-Dong Huang Husseini K. Manji 《Journal of neurochemistry》1998,70(4):1768-1771
59.
60.
Phanquone is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Its activity is affected by the nature of the suspending fluid, pH and anaerobic growth conditions. Its ability to chelate metal ions was examined and found to be related to its antibacterial activity, which was reduced by the presence of added metal ions, e.g. Co (II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Fe(III) in nutrient media for both E. coli and S. aureus. When antibacterial activity was examined in dis-nutrient media for both E. coli and S. aureus. When antibacterial activity was examined in distilled water, then certain added metal ions, whilst antagonizing activity was examined in distilled water, then certain added metal ions, whilst antagonizing the activity of Phanquone against E. coli, exerted a co-operative effect in the case of S. aureus. The addition of EDTA and NTA lowered the activity of Phanquone against S. aureus, but not E. coli, while the addition of thiol-containing compounds lowered its activity against E. coli but not S. aureus. concentration quenching was observed for S. aureus but not for E. coli, while overnight pre-incubation at 4 degrees C resulted in the appearance of a growth zone inside the zone of inhibition in the case of S. aureus but not E. coli. Phanquone may have a different mode of action against the two organisms. 相似文献