全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4743篇 |
免费 | 443篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 15篇 |
2022年 | 44篇 |
2021年 | 119篇 |
2020年 | 72篇 |
2019年 | 86篇 |
2018年 | 80篇 |
2017年 | 77篇 |
2016年 | 155篇 |
2015年 | 239篇 |
2014年 | 251篇 |
2013年 | 285篇 |
2012年 | 417篇 |
2011年 | 421篇 |
2010年 | 257篇 |
2009年 | 194篇 |
2008年 | 326篇 |
2007年 | 348篇 |
2006年 | 266篇 |
2005年 | 300篇 |
2004年 | 266篇 |
2003年 | 228篇 |
2002年 | 234篇 |
2001年 | 34篇 |
2000年 | 44篇 |
1999年 | 54篇 |
1998年 | 60篇 |
1997年 | 34篇 |
1996年 | 30篇 |
1995年 | 28篇 |
1994年 | 18篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1965年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有5188条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
191.
Dawes H 《Current biology : CB》2004,14(15):R605-R607
Sixty years have passed since Avery, MacLeod and McCarty published their landmark paper revealing DNA as the genetic material, writes Heather Dawes. 相似文献
192.
The representation of sound information in the central nervous system relies on the analysis of time-varying features in communication and other environmental sounds. How are auditory physiologists and theoreticians to choose an appropriate method for characterizing spectral and temporal acoustic feature representations in single neurons and neural populations? A brief survey of currently available scientific methods and their potential usefulness is given, with a focus on the strengths and weaknesses of using noise analysis techniques for approximating spectrotemporal response fields (STRFs). Noise analysis has been used to foster several conceptual advances in describing neural acoustic feature representation in a variety of species and auditory nuclei. STRFs have been used to quantitatively assess spectral and temporal transformations across mutually connected auditory nuclei, to identify neuronal interactions between spectral and temporal sound dimensions, and to compare linear vs. nonlinear response properties through state-dependent comparisons. We propose that noise analysis techniques used in combination with novel stimulus paradigms and parametric experiment designs will provide powerful means of exploring acoustic feature representations in the central nervous system. 相似文献
193.
194.
Cherney A Edgell H Krukoff TL 《American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology》2003,285(4):R842-R849
We tested the hypotheses that estrogen replacement in ovariectomized (OVX) rats attenuates cardiovascular responses to psychological stress and that nitric oxide (NO) in the brain mediates these effects. Female rats were OVX; one group received 17beta-estradiol (OVX-E) for 11-12 days and the other received vehicle (OVX-V). Seven days after OVX, OVX-E and OVX-V rats were chronically instrumented for arterial pressure measurements and intracerebroventricular injections. Later (4-5 days), OVX-E and OVX-V rats received intracerebroventricular injections of NG-nitro-l-arginine (88 microg/kg), an inhibitor of constitutive NO production, or vehicle. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate responses were then measured in conscious rats exposed to two cycles of 1-h restraint/1-h rest. We show that MAP responses in restrained OVX-E rats were attenuated both during restraint and during rest. Although inhibition of NO production in the brain had no effect on MAP responses to restraint in OVX-V rats, it augmented responses in restrained OVX-E rats, especially during periods of rest, so that MAPs in restrained OVX-E and OVX-V rats were indistinguishable. Finally, NO levels in hypothalami and brain stems were elevated in restrained OVX-E, but not OVX-V, rats compared with their respective unrestrained controls. These results show that estrogen replacement in OVX rats reduces arterial pressure responses to psychological stress and that these effects are mediated, at least in part, by NO. 相似文献
195.
Cross HR Kranias EG Murphy E Steenbergen C 《American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology》2003,284(2):H683-H690
Recent studies suggest a role for phospholamban phosphorylation during ischemia and reperfusion. The role of phospholamban in ischemia was studied by subjecting hearts from male and female wild-type (MWT/FWT) and phospholamban-knockout (MKO/FKO) mice to 20 min of ischemia-40 min of reperfusion while (31)P NMR spectra were acquired. ATP and pH values fell lower during ischemia, and postischemic contractility was less, in MKO and FKO versus WT hearts. After shorter ischemia (15 min), recoveries of contraction, ATP, and pH were greater in FKO than MKO hearts. To examine the role of nitric oxide (NO) synthases (NOS) in the protection in FKO versus MKO hearts, we utilized 1 microM l-NAME, a NOS inhibitor, or 100 microM S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), an NO donor. Recoveries of function, ATP, and pH were less in l-NAME-treated FKO than untreated FKO hearts and greater in SNAP-treated MKO than untreated MKO hearts. In conclusion, phospholamban ablation increased ischemic injury in both males and females; however, female hearts were less susceptible than male hearts. Protection in females was decreased by a NOS inhibitor and mimicked in males by an NO donor, implying that protection was NOS mediated. 相似文献
196.
197.
Hickman HD Luis AD Bardet W Buchli R Battson CL Shearer MH Jackson KW Kennedy RC Hildebrand WH 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2003,171(1):22-26
Class I MHC molecules bind intracellular peptides for presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Identification of peptides presented by class I molecules during infection is therefore a priority for detecting and targeting intracellular pathogens. To understand which host-encoded peptides distinguish HIV-infected cells, we have developed a mass spectrometric approach to characterize HLA-B*0702 peptides unique to or up-regulated on infected T cells. In this study, we identify 15 host proteins that are differentially presented on infected human T cells. Peptides with increased expression on HIV-infected cells were derived from multiple categories of cellular proteins including RNA binding proteins and cell cycle regulatory proteins. Therefore, comprehensive analysis of the B*0702 peptide repertoire demonstrates that marked differences in host protein presentation occur after HIV infection. 相似文献
198.
We have sampled a large number of plant taxa, ranging from brown algae to angiosperms, for the presence of myosin sequences. Using phylogenetic analysis, we show that all but two of the new plant myosin sequences fall into two of three preexisting myosin classes. We identified two outlying sequences, which do not fall into any preexisting myosin class. Additionally, all genomic sequences encoding class XI myosins contain an intron in the region studied, suggesting that this genomic region has been conserved over at least 1 billion years of plant evolution. With these data, we can rapidly and consistently classify partial myosin sequences from plants. Our data show that plant myosins do not have clear orthologues in other kingdoms, providing interesting insights into the diversification of myosins. 相似文献
199.
Shaw S Wang X Redd H Alexander GD Isales CM Marrero MB 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(33):30634-30641
Angiotensin II (Ang II), protein kinase C (PKC), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidase, the activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and the polyol pathway play important parts in the hyperproliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), a characteristic feature of diabetic macroangiopathy. The precise mechanism, however, remains unclear. This study investigated the relation between the polyol pathway, PKC-beta, ROS, JAK2, and Ang II in the development of diabetic macroangiopathy. VSMC cultured in high glucose (HG; 25 mm) showed significant increases in the tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2, production of ROS, and proliferation activities when compared with VSMC cultured in normal glucose (5.5 mm (NG)). Both the aldose reductase specific inhibitor (zopolrestat) or transfection with aldose reductase antisense oligonucleotide blocked the phosphorylation of JAK2, the production of ROS, and proliferation of VSMC induced by HG, but it had no effect on the Ang II-induced activation of these parameters in both NG and HG. However, transfection with PKC-beta antisense oligonucleotide, preincubation with a PKC-beta-specific inhibitor (LY379196) or apocynin (NADPH oxidase-specific inhibitor), or electroporation of NADPH oxidase antibodies blocked the Ang II-induced JAK2 phosphorylation, production of ROS, and proliferation of VSMC in both NG and HG. These observations suggest that the polyol pathway hyperactivity induced by HG contributes to the development of diabetic macroangiopathy through a PKC-beta-ROS activation of JAK2. 相似文献
200.
Zhou Y Reddy S Murrey H Fei H Levitan IB 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(12):10073-10080
Drosophila 14-3-3zeta (D14-3-3zeta) modulates the activity of the Slowpoke calcium-dependent potassium channel (dSlo) by interacting with the dSlo binding protein, Slob. We show here that D14-3-3zeta forms dimers in vitro. Site-directed mutations in its putative dimerization interface result in a dimerization-deficient form of D14-3-3zeta. Both the wild-type and dimerization-deficient forms of D14-3-3zeta bind to Slob with similar affinity and form complexes with dSlo. When dSlo and Slob are expressed in mammalian cells, the dSlo channel activity is similarly modulated by co-expression of either the wild-type or the dimerization-deficient form of D14-3-3zeta. In addition, dSlo is still modulated by wild-type D14-3-3zeta in the presence of a 14-3-3 mutant, which does not itself bind to Slob but forms heterodimers with the wild-type 14-3-3. These data, taken together, suggest that monomeric D14-3-3zeta is capable of modulating dSlo channel activity in this regulatory complex. 相似文献