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Rocío Joo Andrea Snchez-Tapia Sara Mortara Yanina Bellini Saibene Heather Turner Dorothea Hug Peter Natalia Soledad Morandeira Matt Bannert Batool Almazrouq Elizabeth Hare Laura Acin Juan Pablo Narvez-Gmez Marcela Alfaro Crdoba Federico Marini Rita Giordano Silvia Caneln Anicet Ebou Adithi R. Upadhya Joselyn Chvez Janani Ravi 《PLoS computational biology》2022,18(7)
Conferences are spaces to meet and network within and across academic and technical fields, learn about new advances, and share our work. They can help define career paths and create long-lasting collaborations and opportunities. However, these opportunities are not equal for all. This article introduces 10 simple rules to host an inclusive conference based on the authors’ recent experience organizing the 2021 edition of the useR! statistical computing conference, which attracted a broad range of participants from academia, industry, government, and the nonprofit sector. Coming from different backgrounds, career stages, and even continents, we embraced the challenge of organizing a high-quality virtual conference in the context of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and making it a kind, inclusive, and accessible experience for as many people as possible. The rules result from our lessons learned before, during, and after the organization of the conference. They have been written mainly for potential organizers and selection committees of conferences and contain multiple practical tips to help a variety of events become more accessible and inclusive. We see this as a starting point for conversations and efforts towards building more inclusive conferences across the world. * Translated versions of the English abstract and the list of rules are available in 10 languages in S1 Text: Arabic, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Tamil, and Thai. 相似文献
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Genome-Wide Association Studies in an Isolated Founder Population from the Pacific Island of Kosrae 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jennifer K. Lowe Julian B. Maller Itsik Pe'er Benjamin M. Neale Jacqueline Salit Eimear E. Kenny Jessica L. Shea Ralph Burkhardt J. Gustav Smith Weizhen Ji Martha Noel Jia Nee Foo Maude L. Blundell Vita Skilling Laura Garcia Marcia L. Sullivan Heather E. Lee Anna Labek Hope Ferdowsian Steven B. Auerbach Richard P. Lifton Christopher Newton-Cheh Jan L. Breslow Markus Stoffel Mark J. Daly David M. Altshuler Jeffrey M. Friedman 《PLoS genetics》2009,5(2)
It has been argued that the limited genetic diversity and reduced allelic heterogeneity observed in isolated founder populations facilitates discovery of loci contributing to both Mendelian and complex disease. A strong founder effect, severe isolation, and substantial inbreeding have dramatically reduced genetic diversity in natives from the island of Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia, who exhibit a high prevalence of obesity and other metabolic disorders. We hypothesized that genetic drift and possibly natural selection on Kosrae might have increased the frequency of previously rare genetic variants with relatively large effects, making these alleles readily detectable in genome-wide association analysis. However, mapping in large, inbred cohorts introduces analytic challenges, as extensive relatedness between subjects violates the assumptions of independence upon which traditional association test statistics are based. We performed genome-wide association analysis for 15 quantitative traits in 2,906 members of the Kosrae population, using novel approaches to manage the extreme relatedness in the sample. As positive controls, we observe association to known loci for plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein and to a compelling candidate loci for thyroid stimulating hormone and fasting plasma glucose. We show that our study is well powered to detect common alleles explaining ≥5% phenotypic variance. However, no such large effects were observed with genome-wide significance, arguing that even in such a severely inbred population, common alleles typically have modest effects. Finally, we show that a majority of common variants discovered in Caucasians have indistinguishable effect sizes on Kosrae, despite the major differences in population genetics and environment. 相似文献
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Anna Reuleaux Heather Richards Terence Payet Pascal Villard Matthias Waltert Nancy Bunbury 《Ostrich》2014,85(3):245-253
Feeding ecology is an important factor for the survival of a species and knowledge of its parameters is a prerequisite for successful conservation work. In this study we describe the feeding ecology of the endemic Seychelles Black Parrot Coracopsis barklyi on Praslin, Seychelles, the only island on which this parrot is resident. We compared two methods to evaluate feeding choices: incidental observations and feeding walks on 25 transects in all habitat types. Black parrots fed on 46 different species, bringing the total number of known food plants to 53 species. They predominantly consumed endemic and native species (58% of observed feeding bouts), mainly their fruit pulp (in 68% of feeding bouts), followed by buds (15%) and seeds (37%) with occasional observations of leaves, bark and scale insects. The incidental method rendered many more observed bouts than the transect approach and the ratios of consumed species differed between methods but the transect results are regarded as more representative. The incidental method is not suitable for quantitative conclusions but complements the transect method, providing information about rarely occurring feeding events. 相似文献
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Elias DA Tollaksen SL Kennedy DW Mottaz HM Giometti CS McLean JS Hill EA Pinchuk GE Lipton MS Fredrickson JK Gorby YA 《Archives of microbiology》2008,189(4):313-324
High-throughput analyses that are central to microbial systems biology and ecophysiology research benefit from highly homogeneous
and physiologically well-defined cell cultures. While attention has focused on the technical variation associated with high-throughput
technologies, biological variation introduced as a function of cell cultivation methods has been largely overlooked. This
study evaluated the impact of cultivation methods, controlled batch or continuous culture in bioreactors versus shake flasks,
on the reproducibility of global proteome measurements in Shewanella
oneidensis MR-1. Variability in dissolved oxygen concentration and consumption rate, metabolite profiles, and proteome was greater in
shake flask than controlled batch or chemostat cultures. Proteins indicative of suboxic and anaerobic growth (e.g., fumarate
reductase and decaheme c-type cytochromes) were more abundant in cells from shake flasks compared to bioreactor cultures, a finding consistent with
data demonstrating that “aerobic” flask cultures were O2 deficient due to poor mass transfer kinetics. The work described herein establishes the necessity of controlled cultivation
for ensuring highly reproducible and homogenous microbial cultures. By decreasing cell to cell variability, higher quality
samples will allow for the interpretive accuracy necessary for drawing conclusions relevant to microbial systems biology research. 相似文献
58.
Specific sequences in heparin are responsible for its modulation of the biological activity of proteins. As part of a program to characterize heparin-peptide and heparin-protein binding, we are studying the interaction of chemically discrete heparin-derived oligosaccharides with peptides and proteins. We report here the isolation and characterization, by one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopies, of ten hexasaccharides, one pentasaccharide, and one octasaccharide serine that were isolated from depolymerized porcine intestinal mucosal heparin. Hexasaccharides were chosen for study because they fall within the size range, typically tetra- to decasaccharide in length, of heparin sequences that modulate the activity of proteins. The depolymerization reaction was catalyzed by heparinase I (EC 4.2.2.7) in the presence of histamine, which binds site specifically to heparin. Histamine increases both the rate and extent of heparinase I-catalyzed depolymerization of heparin. It is proposed that oligosaccharides produced by heparinase I-catalyzed depolymerization can inhibit the enzyme by binding to the imidazolium group of histidine-203, which together with cysteine-135 forms the catalytic domain of heparinase I. The increased rate and extent of depolymerization are attributed to competitive binding of the oligosaccharides by histamine. 相似文献
59.
Lisa N. Barrow Sabrina M. McNew Nora Mitchell Spencer C. Galen Holly L. Lutz Heather Skeen Thomas Valqui Jason D. Weckstein Christopher C. Witt 《Ecology letters》2019,22(6):987-998
Variation in susceptibility is ubiquitous in multi‐host, multi‐parasite assemblages, and can have profound implications for ecology and evolution in these systems. The extent to which susceptibility to parasites is phylogenetically conserved among hosts can be revealed by analysing diverse regional communities. We screened for haemosporidian parasites in 3983 birds representing 40 families and 523 species, spanning ~ 4500 m elevation in the tropical Andes. To quantify the influence of host phylogeny on infection status, we applied Bayesian phylogenetic multilevel models that included a suite of environmental, spatial, temporal, life history and ecological predictors. We found evidence of deeply conserved susceptibility across the avian tree; host phylogeny explained substantial variation in infection status, and results were robust to phylogenetic uncertainty. Our study suggests that susceptibility is governed, in part, by conserved, latent aspects of anti‐parasite defence. This demonstrates the importance of deep phylogeny for understanding present‐day ecological interactions. 相似文献
60.
Heather F. Armitage Andrea J. Britton René van der Wal Imogen S. K. Pearce Des B. A. Thompson Sarah J. Woodin 《Global Change Biology》2012,18(1):290-300
Ecosystems are subject to multiple, natural and anthropogenic environmental influences, including nitrogen (N) deposition, land use and climate. Assessment of the relative importance of these influences on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is crucial for guiding policy and management decisions to mitigate global change; yet, few studies consider multiple drivers. In the UK, ongoing loss of the internationally important arctic/alpine moss‐sedge community, Racomitrium heath, has been linked to elevated N deposition, high grazing pressures and their combination; however, the relative importance of these drivers remains unclear. We used environmental gradients across the habitat's European distribution (UK, Faroes, Norway and Iceland) to investigate the relative impact of N deposition and grazing pressure, as well as climate, on the condition of the dominant moss species, Racomitrium lanuginosum. Key variables including tissue chemistry, growth and cover were measured at 36 sites, and multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relative importance of the drivers across sites. Our results clearly show that regional variation in the condition of R. lanuginosum across Europe is primarily associated with the impacts of N deposition, with climate (air temperature) and grazing pressure playing secondary roles. In contrast to previous experimental studies, we found moss growth to be stimulated by elevated N deposition; this apparent discrepancy may result from the use of artificially high N concentrations in many experiments. Despite increased growth rates, we found that moss mat depth and cover declined in response to N deposition. Our results suggest that this is due to increased decomposition of material in the moss mat, which ultimately leads to loss of moss cover and habitat degradation. This study clearly demonstrates both the key role of N deposition in degradation of Racomitrium heath and the importance of observational studies along natural gradients for testing predictions from experimental studies in the real world. 相似文献