The occurrence and distribution of certain polypeptides within the human carotid body

Summary Both carotid bodies from 26 patients coming to necropsy were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and sections 4 m thick were stained for various peptides by use of the immunogold technique. The results show that the human carotid body contains met- and leu-enkephalin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neurotensin and bombesin. The distribution of these six peptides within the carotid body differs. Thus met- and leu-enkephalin are both present predominantly within glomic chief cells but with a marked tendency to favour the dark variant of these cells. Substance P and VIP both show a weak immunoreactivity in comparison to the enkephalins and are present in all three variants of chief cell. Neurotensin shows the weakest immunoreactivity of all and is restricted to a few glomic chief cells in a minority of cases. Bombesin also shows a weak immunoreactivity in glomic chief cells but a strong reaction in glomic arteries and arterioles. In these vessels bombesin appears to be confined to smooth muscle cells in the media but we cannot say whether it is secreted by them or merely bound to receptor sites on their membranes. These findings are related to quantitative data on the concentration of peptides in the human carotid body from a previous paper with which we were associated.     

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON INCREASING GROWTH AND REJUVENATION FOR OSSIFIED EELS WITH THE MICROECOLOGICS

This paper was adopting intestinal normal microbiota: Micrococcus tntestinalt, sp. and Beneckea campbell, and were prepared to microecologics, also gave a rebuild of intestinal micro ecospecies for ossified eels, and research effect of increasing growth and rejuvenation to them, by the microecologics. Moreover, specially to set up double-control, including a thyroideum medicament and an empty test group, for the comparison and analysis. Our results show that the intestinal microecologics of eel, for increasing growth and rejuvenation to ossified eels, that are botth achieve striking effect. But looked the thyroideum for increasing growth to ossified eels were be very effective. Nevertheless, which for rejuvenation was failed to take effect.Furthermore, we inc-lined to believe that the could be possible still significance of effect, if again added intestinal obligate anserobes of adult eels, and the cerebiogen into this microecologics.     

Risk of Disease Transmission between Conservation Personnel and the Mountain Gorillas: Results from an Employee Health Program in Rwanda

Humans and gorillas share 97% of their genetic makeup which means the risk of disease transmission between the two is potentially high. Humans with high exposure and whose exposure-related activity can most easily be managed are park conservation personnel. In June 2001, the Morris Animal Foundations Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project initiated a health program for all employees working in Rwandas Parc National des Volcans in collaboration with in-country government and nongovernmental agencies. The goal is to improve the health of conservation personnel and reduce the risk of zoonotic disease transmission between employees and the parks mountain gorillas. Employees annually receive a clinical examination and laboratory testing, and provide a clinical history, In 2002, analyses were performed on the dataset of 127 employees to identify potential risk factors associated with positive laboratory tests. Considering all fecal tests combined, 70.1% were positive for one or more pathogenic organisms. A high percentage (> 80%) tested positive on viral antibody titer testing for various communicable diseases including measles, chickenpox, and hepatitis. On multivariate analysis, the main risk factor for testing positive for any pathogenic organism was use of a pit latrine at home. Vaccination against childhood communicable diseases and improved human waste disposal could be critical control points for preventing disease transmission to mountain gorillas. Program results have been shared with local health officials to aid in their efforts to improve village health and sanitation standards, and with park employers as a basis for ongoing employee health education.The Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project 2002 Employee Health Group members are listed in Appendix 1. by area of contribution.     

生精细胞凋亡相关基因

细胞凋亡(apoptosis)是一种基因控制的细胞生理性自杀行为,用以维持细胞数量的相对恒定,可由某种刺激或抑制剂的移除而激活。在哺乳动物精子发生过程中,各级生精细胞都会发生相应的凋亡,通过严格调控以确保成熟精子生成的数量和质量。生精细胞的凋亡是一个许多基因参与的复杂的不可逆过程,其中Bcl-2/Bax基因族、p53基因、Fas-Fasl基因、C-myc基因、CREM基因、HSP基因族、c-Kit/SCF基因、Insl3基因、iNOS基因、BMP8B基因、TR基因和存活蛋白(survivin)基因等发挥了重要作用。研究哺乳动物睾丸生精细胞凋亡相关基因,有利于了解生精细胞凋亡机制,为进一步阐明精子发生的调控机制,预防和治疗精子发生相关疾病提供重要的理论依据。     

HIV Shedding from Male Circumcision Wounds in HIV-Infected Men: A Prospective Cohort Study

BackgroundA randomized trial of voluntary medical male circumcision (MC) of HIV—infected men reported increased HIV transmission to female partners among men who resumed sexual intercourse prior to wound healing. We conducted a prospective observational study to assess penile HIV shedding after MC.ConclusionPenile HIV shedding is significantly reduced after healing of MC wounds. Lower plasma VL is associated with decreased frequency and quantity of HIV shedding from MC wounds. Starting ART prior to MC should be considered to reduce male-to-female HIV transmission risk. Research is needed to assess the time on ART required to decrease shedding, and the acceptability and feasibility of initiating ART at the time of MC.     

Adolescent Self-Organization and Adult Smoking and Drinking over Fifty Years of Follow-Up: The British 1946 Birth Cohort

Variations in markers of adolescent self-organization predict a range of economic and health-related outcomes in general population studies. Using a population-based birth cohort study we investigated associations between adolescent self-organization and two common factors over adulthood influencing health, smoking and alcohol consumption. The MRC National Survey of Health and Development (the British 1946 birth cohort) was used to test associations between a dimensional measure of adolescent self-organization derived from teacher ratings, and summary longitudinal measures of smoking and alcohol consumption over the ensuing five decades. Multinomial regression models were adjusted for sex, adolescent emotional and conduct problems, occupational social class of origin, childhood cognition, educational attainment and adult occupational social class. With all covariates adjusted, higher adolescent self-organization was associated with fewer smoking pack years, although not with quitting; there was no association with alcohol consumption across adulthood (none or heavy compared with light to moderate). Adolescent self-organization appears to be protective against smoking, but not against heavy alcohol consumption. Interpretation of this differential effect should be embedded in an understanding of the social and sociodemographic context in which these health behaviours occur over time.     

赖氨酸特异性组蛋白去甲基化酶1与白血病的研究进展

表观遗传学是后基因组时代兴起的一门新学科,它使人们认识到包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑及非编码RNA调控在内的修饰也可以记载遗传信息;并且许多表观遗传改变是可逆的,对表观遗传修饰和调控的研究已成为生命科学的热点和发展前沿。2004年发现的赖氨酸特异性组蛋白去甲基化酶1(LSD1)是第一个真正意义上的组蛋白赖氨酸去甲基化酶,使人们认识到组蛋白甲基化是一个动态的过程,通过组蛋白甲基转移酶和去甲基化酶的相互作用,动态地调控基因转录的激活和抑制等生物学过程。这重新定义了组蛋白甲基化,同时也为进一步深入研究组蛋白修饰提供了新的途径。我们在此简要介绍LSD1的结构与功能、LSD1与白血病的关系,LSD1在白血病的发生和发展中发挥重要作用,是一个潜在的治疗白血病的靶基因。