四川青城山优食蚜蝇属二新种记述（双翅目：食蚜蝇科）

本文记述四川青城山优食蚜蝇属Eupeodes 2新种:青优食蚜蝇Eupeodes (Eupeodes) qingchengshanensis和小优食蚜蝇Eupeodes(Eupeodes)parvus,均属于Eupeodes s.str.,亚属。模式标本保存于上海农学院昆虫标本室。     

MNNG对细胞DNA合成及其分布的影响

本文用流式细胞光度术(FCM)等方法研究了MNNG,ENNG和DMS对HeLa细胞DNA含量分布的影响。经MNNG(6.8μmol/L)处理后,细胞分裂减少,DNA合成速率下降,S期细胞的比例随处理时间的延长而增加。DMS显示有类似的现象而ENNG的效应则较小。     

利用泽兰实蝇控制紫茎泽兰的生防策略研究

本文根据野外泽兰实蝇种群15个世代的调查资料,利用契贝谢夫正交多项式拟合了泽兰实蝇、紫茎泽兰的空间格局。阐明了泽兰实蝇空间格局的序列变化及紫茎泽兰空间格局的特点;揭示了泽兰实蝇空间格局的特点受当地主风及寄主紫茎泽兰空间格局特点的影响;并从最优控制系统的角度对泽兰实蝇-紫茎泽兰系统作了初步探讨。首次提出了最佳释放虫量指标为每条虫占有10条枝条。这些结果为多点释放及定点多次释放泽兰实蝇防治紫茎泽兰这一生防策略提供了理论基础。     

山莨菪碱对经有限蛋白水解后的脑突触膜Ca~(2+)-ATPase的影响

 从猪脑中提取钙调蛋白和突触质膜,我们研究了山莨菪碱对经有限蛋白水解和磷脂酶A_2处理后的突触膜Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性影响。发现药物对不同预处理后的Ca~(2+)-ATPase表现出不同影响并调节钙调蛋白对它的激活作用。     

多羟基苯衍生物对逆转录酶抑制动力学的研究

 一些多羟基苯衍生物对逆转录酶呈现竞争性抑制作用,它们对M-MLV逆转录酶的抑制作用比AMV逆转录酶要强。     

高温厌氧条件下纤维素的直接乙醇发酵

本文介绍了出分解纤维素的嗜热厌氧菌Clostridium celluloflavus sp.nov.直接发酵纤维素产乙醇的初步研究、发酵于60℃下进仃,其主要产物为乙醇、乙酸、氢气和二氧化碳。文中介绍了间歇发酵的若干特征与影响发酵的因素,1％纤维素发酵至120小时,大约有70％纤维素被分解;乙醇的转化率约为0.36g/g降解纤维素;发酵液中乙醇浓度达到56至61mM。发酵中乙醇与乙酸浓度的比值因发酵时间与其它发酵条件的不同而不同。     

质粒YRP7的基本特性鉴定

质粒YRP7用氯霉素法扩增,碱变性裂解法提取,酸酚法及核糖核酸酶纯化后,得到了高产量(5.6mg/L培养液),高纯度(A260:A280=2.0)的质粒制品,经转化实验及酶切分析确定YRP7具有下列特征:大小为5.41±0.10kb,可赋予宿主细胞AmP~r、Tet~r的表型,对大肠杆菌C600的转化频率为10~(-6)、转化效率为1.5×10~6转化子/mgDNA。限制性内切酶BamH Ⅰ、ECoRⅠ、Hind Ⅲ及PstⅠ在其分子上的切点数分别为1、2、2、2,并确定了各酶切片段的分子大小,对BanHⅠ的单切点,经插入失活法证实其位于Tet~r的基因上。由上述特征可确定,质粒YRP7是一个比较理想的克隆载体。     

Ferritin gene organization: Differences between plants and animals suggest possible kingdom-specific selective constraints

Ferritin, a protein widespread in nature, concentrates iron ∼10¹¹–10¹²-fold above the solubility within a spherical shell of 24 subunits; it derives in plants and animals from a common ancestor (based on sequence) but displays a cytoplasmic location in animals compared to the plastid in contemporary plants. Ferritin gene regulation in plants and animals is altered by development, hormones, and excess iron; iron signals target DNA in plants but mRNA in animals. Evolution has thus conserved the two end points of ferritin gene expression, the physiological signals and the protein structure, while allowing some divergence of the genetic mechanisms. Comparison of ferritin gene organization in plants and animals, made possible by the cloning of a dicot (soybean) ferritin gene presented here and the recent cloning of two monocot (maize) ferritin genes, shows evolutionary divergence in ferritin gene organization between plants and animals but conservation among plants or among animals; divergence in the genetic mechanism for iron regulation is reflected by the absence in all three plant genes of the IRE, a highly conserved, noncoding sequence in vertebrate animal ferritin mRNA. In plant ferritin genes, the number of introns (n= 7) is higher than in animals (n= 3). Second, no intron positions are conserved when ferritin genes of plants and animals are compared, although all ferritin gene introns are in the coding region; within kingdoms, the intron positions in ferritin genes are conserved. Finally, secondary protein structure has no apparent relationship to intron/exon boundaries in plant ferritin genes, whereas in animal ferritin genes the correspondence is high. The structural differences in introns/exons among phylogenetically related ferritin coding sequences and the high conservation of the gene structure within plant or animal kingdoms suggest that kingdom-specific functional constraints may exist to maintain a particular intron/exon pattern within ferritin genes. In the case of plants, where ferritin gene intron placement is unrelated to triplet codons or protein structure, and where ferritin is targeted to the plastid, the selection pressure on gene organization may relate to RNA function and plastid/nuclear signaling. Received: 25 July 1995 / Accepted: 3 October 1995     

Recombinant adenoviruses with large deletions generated by Cre-mediated excision exhibit different biological properties compared with first-generation vectors in vitro and in vivo.

In vivo gene transfer of recombinant E1-deficient adenoviruses results in early and late viral gene expression that elicits a host immune response, limiting the duration of transgene expression and the use of adenoviruses for gene therapy. The prokaryotic Cre-lox P recombination system was adapted to generate recombinant adenoviruses with extended deletions in the viral genome (referred to here as deleted viruses) in order to minimize expression of immunogenic and/or cytotoxic viral proteins. As an example, an adenovirus with a 25-kb deletion that lacked E1, E2, E3, and late gene expression with viral titers similar to those achieved with first-generation vectors and less than 0.5% contamination with E1-deficient virus was produced. Gene transfer was similar in HeLa cells, mouse hepatoma cells, and primary mouse hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo as determined by measuring reporter gene expression and DNA transfer. However, transgene expression and deleted viral DNA concentrations were not stable and declined to undetectable levels much more rapidly than those found for first-generation vectors. Intravenous administration of deleted vectors in mice resulted in no hepatocellular injury relative to that seen with first-generation vectors. The mechanism for stability of first-generation adenovirus vectors (E1a deleted) appeared to be linked in part to their ability to replicate in transduced cells in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the deleted vectors were stabilized in the presence of undeleted first-generation adenovirus vectors. These results have important consequences for the development of these and other nonintegrating vectors for gene therapy.