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71.
Snchez-Reyes Ayixon Bretn-Deval Luz Mangelson Hayley Salinas-Peralta Ilse Sanchez-Flores Alejandro 《International microbiology》2022,25(1):99-110
International Microbiology - Microbial biodiversity is represented by a variety of genomic landscapes adapted to dissimilar environments on Earth. These genomic landscapes contain functional... 相似文献
72.
Miao Yu Tiago Castanheira Silva Andries van Opstal Stefan Romeijn Hayley A. Every Wim Jiskoot Geert-Jan Witkamp Marcel Ottens 《Biophysical journal》2019,116(4):595-609
In this study, we developed a microfluidics method, using a so-called H-cell microfluidics device, for the determination of protein diffusion coefficients at different concentrations, pHs, ionic strengths, and solvent viscosities. Protein transfer takes place in the H-cell channels between two laminarly flowing streams with each containing a different initial protein concentration. The protein diffusion coefficients are calculated based on the measured protein mass transfer, the channel dimensions, and the contact time between the two streams. The diffusion rates of lysozyme, cytochrome c, myoglobin, ovalbumin, bovine serum albumin, and etanercept were investigated. The accuracy of the presented methodology was demonstrated by comparing the measured diffusion coefficients with literature values measured under similar solvent conditions using other techniques. At low pH and ionic strength, the measured lysozyme diffusion coefficient increased with the protein concentration gradient, suggesting stronger and more frequent intermolecular interactions. At comparable concentration gradients, the measured lysozyme diffusion coefficient decreased drastically as a function of increasing ionic strength (from zero onwards) and increasing medium viscosity. Additionally, a particle tracing numerical simulation was performed to achieve a better understanding of the macromolecular displacement in the H-cell microchannels. It was found that particle transfer between the two channels tends to speed up at low ionic strength and high concentration gradient. This confirms the corresponding experimental observation of protein diffusion measured via the H-cell microfluidics. 相似文献
73.
Leigh‐Ann Woolley Hayley M. Geyle Brett P. Murphy Sarah M. Legge Russell Palmer Christopher R. Dickman John Augusteyn Sarah Comer Tim S. Doherty Charlie Eager Glenn Edwards Dan K.P. Harley Ian Leiper Peter J. McDonald Hugh W. McGregor Katherine E. Moseby Cecilia Myers John L. Read Joanna Riley Danielle Stokeld Jeff M. Turpin John C.Z. Woinarski 《Mammal Review》2019,49(4):354-368
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74.
Reduction of simian-human immunodeficiency virus 89.6P viremia in rhesus monkeys by recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccination 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
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Barouch DH Santra S Kuroda MJ Schmitz JE Plishka R Buckler-White A Gaitan AE Zin R Nam JH Wyatt LS Lifton MA Nickerson CE Moss B Montefiori DC Hirsch VM Letvin NL 《Journal of virology》2001,75(11):5151-5158
Since cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are critical for controlling human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in infected individuals, candidate HIV-1 vaccines should elicit virus-specific CTL responses. In this report, we study the immune responses elicited in rhesus monkeys by a recombinant poxvirus vaccine and the degree of protection afforded against a pathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus SHIV-89.6P challenge. Immunization with recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vectors expressing SIVmac239 gag-pol and HIV-1 89.6 env elicited potent Gag-specific CTL responses but no detectable SHIV-specific neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses. Following intravenous SHIV-89.6P challenge, sham-vaccinated monkeys developed low-frequency CTL responses, low-titer NAb responses, rapid loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes, high-setpoint viral RNA levels, and significant clinical disease progression and death in half of the animals by day 168 postchallenge. In contrast, the recombinant MVA-vaccinated monkeys demonstrated high-frequency secondary CTL responses, high-titer secondary SHIV-89.6-specific NAb responses, rapid emergence of SHIV-89.6P-specific NAb responses, partial preservation of CD4+ T lymphocytes, reduced setpoint viral RNA levels, and no evidence of clinical disease or mortality by day 168 postchallenge. There was a statistically significant correlation between levels of vaccine-elicited CTL responses prior to challenge and the control of viremia following challenge. These results demonstrate that immune responses elicited by live recombinant vectors, although unable to provide sterilizing immunity, can control viremia and prevent disease progression following a highly pathogenic AIDS virus challenge. 相似文献
75.
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77.
Elicitation of simian immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mucosal compartments of rhesus monkeys by systemic vaccination
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Baig J Levy DB McKay PF Schmitz JE Santra S Subbramanian RA Kuroda MJ Lifton MA Gorgone DA Wyatt LS Moss B Huang Y Chakrabarti BK Xu L Kong WP Yang ZY Mascola JR Nabel GJ Carville A Lackner AA Veazey RS Letvin NL 《Journal of virology》2002,76(22):11484-11490
Since most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are initiated following mucosal exposure to the virus, the anatomic containment or abortion of an HIV infection is likely to require vaccine-elicited cellular immune responses in those mucosal sites. Studying vaccine-elicited mucosal immune responses has been problematic because of the difficulties associated with sampling T lymphocytes from those anatomic compartments. In the present study, we demonstrate that mucosal cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and simian HIV can be reproducibly sampled from intestinal mucosal tissue of rhesus monkeys obtained under endoscopic guidance. These lymphocytes recognize peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I complexes and express gamma interferon on exposure to peptide antigen. Interestingly, systemic immunization of monkeys with plasmid DNA immunogens followed by live recombinant attenuated poxviruses or adenoviruses with genes deleted elicits high-frequency SIV-specific CTL responses in these mucosal tissues. These studies therefore suggest that systemic delivery of potent HIV immunogens may suffice to elicit substantial mucosal CTL responses. 相似文献
78.
Angove HC Cole JA Richardson DJ Butt JN 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2002,277(26):23374-23381
The cytochrome c nitrite reductases perform a key step in the biological nitrogen cycle by catalyzing the six-electron reduction of nitrite to ammonium. Graphite electrodes painted with Escherichia coli cytochrome c nitrite reductase and placed in solutions containing nitrite (pH 7) exhibit large catalytic reduction currents during cyclic voltammetry at potentials below 0 V. These catalytic currents were not observed in the absence of cytochrome c nitrite reductase and were shown to originate from an enzyme film engaged in direct electron exchange with the electrode. The catalytic current-potential profiles observed on progression from substrate-limited to enzyme-limited nitrite reduction revealed a fingerprint of catalytic behavior distinct from that observed during hydroxylamine reduction, the latter being an alternative substrate for the enzyme that is reduced to ammonium in a two electron process. Cytochrome c nitrite reductase clearly interacts differently with these two substrates. However, similar features underlie the development of the voltammetric response with increasing nitrite or hydroxylamine concentration. These features are consistent with coordinated two-electron reduction of the active site and suggest that the mechanisms for reduction of both substrates are underpinned by common rate-defining processes. 相似文献
79.
Solid-phase proteoliposomes containing human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins
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The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exterior envelope glycoprotein gp120 mediates receptor binding and is the major target for neutralizing antibodies. A broadly neutralizing antibody response is likely to be a critical component of the immune response against HIV-1. Although antibodies against monomeric gp120 are readily elicited in immunized individuals, these antibodies are inefficient in neutralizing primary HIV-1 isolates. As a chronic pathogen, HIV-1 has evolved to avoid an optimal host response by a number of immune escape mechanisms. Monomeric gp120 that has dissociated from the functional trimer presents irrelevant epitopes that are not accessible on functional trimeric envelope glycoproteins. The resulting low level of antigenic cross-reactivity between monomeric gp120 and the functional spike may contribute to the inability of monomeric gp120 to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies. Attempts to generate native, trimeric envelope glycoproteins as immunogens have been frustrated by both the lability of the gp120-gp41 interaction and the weak association between gp120 subunits. Here, we present solid-phase HIV-1 gp160DeltaCT (cytoplasmic tail-deleted) proteoliposomes (PLs) containing native, trimeric envelope glycoproteins in a physiologic membrane setting. We present data that indicate that the gp160DeltaCT glycoproteins on PLs are trimers and are recognized by several relevant conformational ligands in a manner similar to that for gp160DeltaCT oligomers expressed on the cell surface. The PLs represent a significant advance over present envelope glycoprotein formulations as candidate immunogens for HIV vaccine design and development. 相似文献
80.
Prior vaccination increases the epitopic breadth of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response that evolves in rhesus monkeys following a simian-human immunodeficiency virus infection
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Santra S Barouch DH Kuroda MJ Schmitz JE Krivulka GR Beaudry K Lord CI Lifton MA Wyatt LS Moss B Hirsch VM Letvin NL 《Journal of virology》2002,76(12):6376-6381
Although recent evidence has confirmed the importance of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in controlling human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus replication, the relevance of the epitopic breadth of those CTL responses remains unexplored. In the present study, we sought to determine whether vaccination can expand CTL populations which recognize a repertoire of viral epitopes that is greater than is typically generated in the course of a viral infection. We demonstrate that potent secondary CTL responses to subdominant epitopes are rapidly generated following a pathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge of rhesus monkeys vaccinated with plasmid DNA or recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccines. These data indicate that prior vaccination can increase the breadth of the CTL response that evolves after an AIDS virus infection. 相似文献