浦东滩涂中型土壤动物群落结构及土质酸碱度生物评价分析

1999年,对上海浦东滩涂4类不同酸碱度土壤中的中型土壤动物进行了调查。应用物种丰富度,个体数多度,多样性指数和均匀度4个群落参数,并结合种类研究,讨论了土壤动物群落结构与不同酸碱度土壤的关系。结果表明,土壤中弹尾目和蜱螨目对不同酸碱度土壤反应敏感。弹尾目的3个群落参数和蜱螨目的4个参数均很好地反映与土壤反应敏感。弹尾目的3个群落参数和蜱螨目的4个参数均很好地反映与土壤pH的关系,相关系数分别在0．9以上和0．85左右,在pH相差较大的情况下,可以区分不同酸碱度的土壤。弹尾目的符Tao(Paranura sp.)可用于评价酸碱度较接近的土壤,球角Tao(Hypogastrura sp.）可用于评价酸碱度相差较大,高pH或环境条件较恶劣的土壤。     

Complete functional rescue of the ABCA1-/- mouse by human BAC transgenesis

Humanized mouse models are useful tools to explore the functional and regulatory differences between human and murine orthologous genes. We have combined a bioinformatics approach and an in vivo approach to assess the functional and regulatory differences between the human and mouse ABCA1 genes. Computational analysis identified significant differences in potential regulatory sites between the human and mouse genes. The effect of these differences was assessed in vivo, using a bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic humanized ABCA1 mouse model that expresses the human gene in the absence of mouse ABCA1. Humanized mice expressed human ABCA1 protein at levels similar to wild-type mice and fully compensated for cholesterol efflux activity and lipid levels seen in ABCA1-deficient mice. Liver X receptor agonist administration resulted in significant increases in HDL values associated with parallel increases in the hepatic ABCA1 protein and mRNA levels in the humanized ABCA1 mice, as seen in the wild-type animals. Our studies indicate that despite differences in potential regulatory regions, the human ABCA1 gene is able to functionally fully compensate for the mouse gene. Our humanized ABCA1 mice can serve as a useful model system for functional analysis of the human ABCA1 gene in vivo and can be used for the generation of potential new therapeutics that target HDL metabolism.     

浅谈生物学实验教学改革策略

生物学实验教学具有重要地位和意义,针对当前实验教学存在问题,应从理念和实践两个层面采取有效策略来改革生物实验教学。如践行生物新课程实验标准,变验证性实验为探究性实验,着力培养学生创造性思维,重视实验课软硬件的建设与提升等。     

Cell-cell contact preserves cell viability via plakoglobin

Control over cell viability is a fundamental property underlying numerous physiological processes. Cell spreading on a substrate was previously demonstrated to be a major factor in determining the viability of individual cells. In multicellular organisms, cell-cell contact is likely to play a significant role in regulating cell vitality, but its function is easily masked by cell-substrate interactions, thus remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we show that suspended immortalized human keratinocyte sheets with persisting intercellular contacts exhibited significant contraction, junctional actin localization, and reinforcement of cell-cell adhesion strength. Further, cells within these sheets remain viable, in contrast to trypsinized cells suspended without either cell-cell or cell-substrate contact, which underwent apoptosis at high rates. Suppression of plakoglobin weakened cell-cell adhesion in cell sheets and suppressed apoptosis in suspended, trypsinized cells. These results demonstrate that cell-cell contact may be a fundamental control mechanism governing cell viability and that the junctional protein plakoglobin is a key regulator of this process. Given the near-ubiquity of plakoglobin in multicellular organisms, these findings could have significant implications for understanding cell adhesion, modeling disease progression, developing therapeutics and improving the viability of tissue engineering protocols.     

光照强度对紫茉莉生长和镉积累的影响

采用土培实验研究了25mg／kg镉处理下全光照（HL）、50％全光照（ML）和10％全光照（LL）三种生长光强对紫茉莉生长、光合作用和镉积累相关指标的影响,结果表明,紫茉莉对镉具有较高的耐性,ML对紫茉莉的生长最为有利。镉胁迫下紫茉莉净光合速率和最大光化学效率降低,暗呼吸速率增高,生物量减小。特别在高光强条件下。ML植株镉积累量最大,对镉污染土壤的植物修复效果较好。     

中华鳖对T3菌苗抗原的免疫应答

通过T3菌苗免疫中华鳖后的血清间接凝集抗体效价 (IAT)与免疫保护率 (PRP)的变化探讨了中华鳖的免疫应答规律。中华鳖对T3菌苗能产生较强的应答反应 ,免疫的二龄鳖PRP可达 82 6± 15 2 (19) % ,IAT达 1978 1± 716 4(19)。它对T3菌苗的免疫效应期为 3天 ,第 2 0天时免疫应答处于高峰 ,IAT与PRP分别为 176 8 0± 44 7 6 (4)与 91 7± 14 4(4) % ,持续 10天左右开始下降 ,到第 3个月左右基本上回复到免疫开始时水平。结论为 :中华鳖的免疫应答反应基本介于鱼类与鸟类之间 ,但较偏向于鸟类。     

柱萤叶甲属研究（Ⅰ）鞘翅具黑色刻点的种类记述（鞘翅目：叶甲科）

本文就萤叶甲亚科中柱萤叶甲属鞘翅具黑色刻点的种类进行研究,共记述４种,我国已记录３种,其中１种为新种。     

Analysis of leaf and stripe rust severities reveals pathotype changes and multiple minor QTLs associated with resistance in an Avocet?×?Pastor wheat population

Leaf rust and stripe rust are important diseases of wheat world-wide and deployment of cultivars with genetic resistance is an effective and environmentally sound control method. The use of minor, additive genes conferring adult plant resistance (APR) has been shown to provide resistance that is durable. The wheat cultivar ‘Pastor’ originated from the CIMMYT breeding program that focuses on minor gene-based APR to both diseases by selecting and advancing generations alternately under leaf rust and stripe rust pressures. As a consequence, Pastor has good resistance to both rusts and was used as the resistant parent to develop a mapping population by crossing with the susceptible ‘Avocet’. All 148 F₅ recombinant inbred lines were evaluated under artificially inoculated epidemic environments for leaf rust (3 environments) and stripe rust (4 environments, 2 of which represent two evaluation dates in final year due to the late build-up of a new race virulent to Yr31) in Mexico. Map construction and QTL analysis were completed with 223 polymorphic markers on 84 randomly selected lines in the population. Pastor contributed Yr31, a moderately effective race-specific gene for stripe rust resistance, which was overcome during this study, and this was clearly shown in the statistical analysis. Linked or pleiotropic chromosomal regions contributing to resistance against both pathogens included Lr46/Yr29 on 1BL, the Yr31 region on 2BS, and additional minor genes on 5A, 6B and 7BL. Other minor genes for leaf rust resistance were located on 1B, 2A and 2D and for stripe rust on 1AL, 1B, 3A, 3B, 4D, 6A, 7AS and 7AL. The 1AL, 1BS and 7AL QTLs are in regions that were not identified previously as having QTLs for stripe rust resistance. The development of uniform and severe epidemics facilitated excellent phenotyping, and when combined with multi-environment analysis, resulted in the relatively large number of QTLs identified in this study.     

佛山城市典型森林群落土壤重金属分布、流通及枯落物富集特征

富集重金属的枯落物分解可能提高重金属暴露率,增加人体接触健康风险。为了解南方城市土壤重金属在森林生态系统中的分布及流转情况,通过调查研究了佛山市8个典型森林群落土壤及枯落物重金属含量,分析了各森林群落枯落物对不同重金属的富集效应及重金属随枯落物回归土壤流通量。结果表明:1)城市森林各土壤重金属含量在不同典型群落间差异显著(P<0.05),差异最大为Pb、Cr、Zn,As、Cu、Ni次之,Hg、Cd最小;土层深度(0—20,20—40,40—60 cm)对重金属含量影响显著(P<0.05),差异最大为Cd、Hg,其次为As、Cu,最小为Zn、Ni、Pb、Cr。整体上,Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Zn在0—20 cm最高,表层富集特征明显,Cr和Ni在40—60 cm最高。2)8个森林群落中阴香—白楸—醉香含笑群落(CMMC)枯落物对8种重金属的综合富集系数(TBCF,66.76)最高,其中以Cd的富集效果最突出,富集系数为44.45,且对Pb、Cu、Zn也相对富集;最低的为黧蒴锥—香椿—樟树群落(CTCC),综合富集系数(TBCF)为8.09,仅对Cd、Cr、Cu相对富集,对其余...     

大亚湾冬季不同粒级浮游生物的氮稳定同位素特征及其与生物量的关系

生物量在营养级上的分布作为一种生态系统的指示指标,可以指示因人类干扰和环境变化导致的生态系统的改变,揭示生态系统功能的差异性。调查了冬季大亚湾不同区域各粒级浮游生物的生物量大小及其氮稳定同位素丰度比值(δ¹⁵N)与环境因子的关系,通过构建营养级谱比较了大亚湾不同区域浮游食物网结构的差异。研究结果显示,浮游生物的δ¹⁵N值基本随着粒径的增大而增加,但100-212 μm粒级的δ¹⁵N值为5.08‰,略低于1.2-100 μm粒级的5.58‰。> 500 μm 粒级的δ¹⁵N值最大,平均为8.16‰。在湾口和敞水带的S1、S9站各粒级的δ¹⁵N都要小于其他站位,而各粒级δ¹⁵N的最大值一般都出现在湾底的S8站。在各粒级颗粒物中,1.2-100 μm粒级的δ¹⁵N最适合用来指示水体的环境状况,受陆源输入影响较小的海域的δ¹⁵N值小。生物量与氮稳定同位素构建的营养级谱的斜率与总溶解氮的浓度和氮磷比呈显著负相关关系。处于湾口的站位的营养级谱的谱线要更陡峭一些,表明该处捕食者/被捕食者的比率更低。