Strategies for humanizing glycosylation pathways and producing recombinant glycoproteins in microbial expression systems

Homogeneously glycosylated proteins are essential for analyzing the structure of N-glycans, studying their consequences inside cells, and developing therapeutic glycoproteins. However, the isolation of glycoproteins with homogeneous glycans from human is difficult since glycoforms slightly differ from each other with respect to molecular weight and charge. Microbial expression systems have numerous benefits in expression technology and have gained great attention, because they are more adaptable to the biotechnology industry. While selecting an expression host, the glycosylation pattern must be taken into account, because glycosylation strongly depends on cellular production system and selected production clone. This review discussed the technological developments in glycoengineering of microbial expression systems for humanizing the glycosylation profile and highlighted the expression potential of Leishmania expression system. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2752, 2019.     

Design,Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Dexibuprofen Derivatives as Novel Anti-Inflammatory,Antioxidant and Molecular Docking Studies

Prodrugs of dexibuprofen having ester moieties instead of free carboxylic acid which involves in gastrointestinal side effects have been synthesized. Dexibuprofen acid was condensed with different alcohols/phenols to afford the ester prodrugs. All of the synthesized prodrugs were characterized by their physical attributes, elemental analysis, FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. The in vitro anti-inflammatory studies was done by chemiluminescence technique reflect prodrugs have been more potent, owing to the different chemical structures. Lipoxygenase enzyme inhibition assay was also assess and found compound DR7 with IC₅₀=19.8 μM), DR9 (IC₅₀=24.8 μM) and DR3 (IC₅₀=47.2 μM) as compared with Dexibuprofen (IC₅₀=156.6 μM). It was also evaluated for docking studies revealed that DR7 has found to be more potent anti-inflammatory against 5-LOX (3 V99) as well as analgesic against COX-II (5KIR) enzyme. Anti-oxidant activities were also performed, DR3 (86.9 %), DR5 (83.5 %), DR7 (93.9 %) and DR9 (87.4 %) were found to be more anti-oxidant as compared to (2S)-2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoic acid (52.7 %).     

Natural variation in Tiller Number 1 affects its interaction with TIF1 to regulate tillering in rice

Tiller number per plant—a cardinal component of ideal plant architecture—affects grain yield potential. Thus, alleles positively affecting tillering must be mined to promote genetic improvement. Here, we report a Tiller Number 1 (TN1) protein harbouring a bromo-adjacent homology domain and RNA recognition motifs, identified through genome-wide association study of tiller numbers. Natural variation in TN1 affects its interaction with TIF1 (TN1 interaction factor 1) to affect DWARF14 expression and negatively regulate tiller number in rice. Further analysis of variations in TN1 among indica genotypes according to geographical distribution revealed that low-tillering varieties with TN1-hap^L are concentrated in Southeast Asia and East Asia, whereas high-tillering varieties with TN1-hap^H are concentrated in South Asia. Taken together, these results indicate that TN1 is a tillering regulatory factor whose alleles present apparent preferential utilization across geographical regions. Our findings advance the molecular understanding of tiller development.     

Interactive effect of nitric oxide and brassinosteroids on photosynthesis and the antioxidant system of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycopersicon esculentum</Emphasis>

An interactive effect of nitric oxide and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) or 28-homobrassinolide (HBL) was investigated in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. K-21. Seeds prior to sowing were exposed to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (0, 10⁻⁵ M or 1 M), a nitric oxide donor, for 8 h, and the resulting seedlings were subsequently sprayed with 10⁻⁸ M EBL or HBL at 30-day stage. The analysis of plant samples after 24 h of the EBL or HBL spray showed that the lower SNP concentration (10⁻⁵ M) favored the growth, pigment content, photosynthetic and enzymatic activities, and also improved the antioxidant system. However, 1 M SNP had inhibitory impact on most of the indices, except the antioxidant system. Brassinosteroids (EBL or HBL), on the other hand, had a stimulatory impact on the aforementioned indices. The inhibitory effect of SNP (1 M) was neutralized by the application of BRs, where EBL was more effective than HBL.     

Regeneration im Pankreas der Ratte nach Alloxanschädigung

Zusammenfassung Im Pankreas ausgewachsener Ratten wurden nach Alloxanschädigung Regenerationsherde beobachtet und beschrieben. Sie bestehen in einem büschelförmigen Aussprossen kleiner Gänge an umschriebenen Stellen des Organes, die in ein retikuläres Bindegewebe eingebettet sind. In analoger Weise wie bei der ontogenetischen Entwicklung des Pankreas aus den primitiven Drüsenschläuchen, kommt es auch im Bereiche der Gangwucherungen zur Neubildung von Inselgewebe.     

Plasmids in Vibrio parahemolyticus Strains Isolated in Japan and Bangladesh with Special Reference to Different Distributions

We surveyed plasmids in naturally occurring Vibrio parahemolyticus strains isolated in Japan and Bangladesh. Among the strains isolated in Japan, about half of the strains isolated from stools of patients of domestic diarrhea outbreaks as well as of travelers returning from East Asia were found to have plasmids, but no strains from foods had plasmids. In contrast, among the strains isolated in Bangladesh, none of the four strains isolated from patients had plasmids, but two out of eight strains isolated from water had plasmids, suggesting that plasmids are common in strains from the water in Bangladesh. All plasmids so far reported in V. parahemolyticus were detected in strains isolated from stools of patients. Incidences of plasmids in this organism were not so high in either area. In Japan, all plasmids were detected in strains from human intestines at 37 C, but in Bangladesh, where the temperature is around 30–40 C, the plasmids were detected in strains from the natural environment. These results suggested the possibility that these plasmids can come from different bacteria under rather high temperatures and that incidences of plasmids are influenced by the incidences of plasmids in bacteria present in the vicinity of V. parahemolyticus strains. None of these plasmids were found to have any relation to the biological characters tested.     

Copper: uptake,toxicity and tolerance in plants and management of Cu-contaminated soil

BioMetals - Copper (Cu) is an essential mineral nutrient for the proper growth and development of plants; it is involved in myriad morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes. Copper...     

Formulation and Application of Optimal Homotopty Asymptotic Method to Coupled Differential - Difference Equations

In this paper we applied a new analytic approximate technique Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM) for treatment of coupled differential- difference equations (DDEs). To see the efficiency and reliability of the method, we consider Relativistic Toda coupled nonlinear differential-difference equation. It provides us a convenient way to control the convergence of approximate solutions when it is compared with other methods of solution found in the literature. The obtained solutions show that OHAM is effective, simpler, easier and explicit.