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121.
Abu S. G. Faruque Azharul Islam Khan Baitun Nahar S. M. Rafiqul Islam M. Nasif Hossain Syed Asif Abdullah Soroar Hossain Khan Md. Sabbir Hossain Feroz Hayat Khan Mukeshkumar Prajapati Yulia Widiati A. S. M. Mainul Hasan Minjoon Kim Jennie Musto Maya Vandenent John David Clemens Tahmeed Ahmed 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2021,15(9)
BackgroundBangladesh experienced a sudden, large influx of forcibly displaced persons from Myanmar in August 2017. A cholera outbreak occurred in the displaced population during September-December 2019. This study aims to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of cholera patients who were hospitalized in diarrhea treatment centers (DTCs) and sought care from settlements of Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) as well as host country nationals during the cholera outbreak.MethodsDiarrhea Treatment Center (DTC) based surveillance was carried out among the FDMN and host population in Teknaf and Leda DTCs hospitalized for cholera during September-December 2019.ResultsDuring the study period, 147 individuals with cholera were hospitalized. The majority, 72% of patients reported to Leda DTC. Nearly 65% sought care from FDMN settlements. About 47% of the cholera individuals were children less than 5 years old and 42% were aged 15 years and more. Half of the cholera patients were females. FDMN often reported from Camp # 26 (45%), followed by Camp # 24 (36%), and Camp # 27 (12%). Eighty-two percent of the cholera patients reported watery diarrhea. Some or severe dehydration was observed in 65% of cholera individuals. Eighty-one percent of people with cholera received pre-packaged ORS at home. About 88% of FDMN cholera patients reported consumption of public tap water. Pit latrine without water seal was often used by FDMN cholera individuals (78%).ConclusionVigilance for cholera patients by routine surveillance, preparedness, and response readiness for surges and oral cholera vaccination campaigns can alleviate the threats of cholera. 相似文献
122.
de Giuseppe PO Ullah A Silva DT Gremski LH Wille AC Chaves Moreira D Ribeiro AS Chaim OM Murakami MT Veiga SS Arni RK 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2011,409(4):6064-627
Phospholipases D (PLDs) are principally responsible for the local and systemic effects of Loxosceles envenomation including dermonecrosis and hemolysis. Despite their clinical relevance in loxoscelism, to date, only the SMase I from Loxosceles laeta, a class I member, has been structurally characterized. The crystal structure of a class II member from Loxosceles intermedia venom has been determined at 1.7 Å resolution. Structural comparison to the class I member showed that the presence of an additional disulphide bridge which links the catalytic loop to the flexible loop significantly changes the volume and shape of the catalytic cleft. An examination of the crystal structures of PLD homologues in the presence of low molecular weight compounds at their active sites suggests the existence of a ligand-dependent rotamer conformation of the highly conserved residue Trp230 (equivalent to Trp192 in the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase from Thermus thermophofilus, PDB code: 1VD6) indicating its role in substrate binding in both enzymes. Sequence and structural analyses suggest that the reduced sphingomyelinase activity observed in some class IIb PLDs is probably due to point mutations which lead to a different substrate preference. 相似文献
123.
Sultana Juhara Mannan Mohammad Abul Kalam Azad Md. Ashik Ullah Abdullah Al Maruf Md. Israt Rayhan Mohammad Shamsul Ahsan Abul Hasnat 《Biological trace element research》2011,140(3):272-283
Drug abuser patients (n = 104), age ranging from 19 to 42 years, were randomly recruited to investigate the serum levels of trace elements (Cu, Zn,
Fe, and Mg), malondialdehyde (MDA), and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, and IgM) before and after clinical intervention. Control
group also included 104 healthy individuals. Blood samples were analyzed for determining trace elements, MDA, and immunoglobulin
using atomic absorption spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, and turbidimetry method, respectively. For
serum level of Zn and Fe, the differences between the groups (before intervention, after intervention, and control) were not
significant (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were found in serum copper levels between control group, drug abuser patients,
and before and after intervention (p < 0.05). The concentration of Mg was found to be significantly higher (p = 0.007) in drug abuser patients than the controls, and after intervention, the level was restored to control value. A displacement
of elemental homeostasis was observed in drug abuser patients compared to control, and it was improved after intervention.
An increase in serum concentration of MDA was found in drug abuser patients compared to control subjects (p > 0.05) but was not statistically significant. After intervention, the concentration was restored to control value (p > 0.05). The serum concentrations of IgA and IgM were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in drug abuser patients before intervention than the controls, and the level tended to be restored to control level
after clinical intervention. Serum IgG level was found to be lower in drug abuser patients compared to controls and further
declined significantly (p < 0.05) after intervention. These findings may suggest a possible imbalance in the levels of micronutrients, antioxidants,
and immunoglobulin in drug abuser patients, which tend to be restored to control values after detoxification. 相似文献
124.
We investigated the effect of temperature on development and demographic parameters such as the intrinsic rate of natural
increase (r
m) of the two spider mite species Tetranychus merganser Boudreaux and T. kanzawai Kishida at eleven constant temperatures ranging from 15 to 40°C at intervals of 2.5°C. Both male and female T. merganser and T. kanzawai completed development from egg to adult at temperatures ranging from 15 to 37.5°C. The longest developmental duration of
immature stages was found at 15°C and the shortest developmental duration was found at 35°C for both species. Using linear
and non-linear developmental rate models, the lower thermal thresholds for egg-to-adult (female and male) and egg-to-egg development
were estimated as 12.2–12.3°C for T. merganser and as 10.8°C for T. kanzawai. The highest developmental rates were observed at around 35°C, whereas the upper developmental thresholds were around 40°C
for both species. In fact, at 40°C, a few eggs of either species hatched, but no larvae reached the next stage. The r
m-values of T. merganser ranged from 0.072 (15°C) to 0.411 day−1 (35°C), whereas those of T. kanzawai ranged from 0.104 (15°C) to 0.399 (30°C). The r
m-values were higher for T. kanzawai than for T. merganser at temperatures from 15 to 30°C, but not at 35°C (0.348 day−1). Total fecundity of T. merganser was also higher than that of T. kanzawai at 35°C. These results indicate that higher temperatures favor T. merganser more than T. kanzawai. 相似文献
125.
The ameliorative role of 28-homobrassinolide under chilling stress in various growth, photosynthesis, enzymes and biochemical
parameters of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were investigated. Cucumber seedlings were sprayed with 0 (control), 10−8, or 10−6 M of 28-homobrassinolide at the 30-day stage. 48 h after treatment plants were exposed for 18 h to chilling temperature (10/8°C,
5/3°C). The most evident effect of chilling stress was the marked reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll (Chl) content, and
net photosynthetic rate, efficiency of photosystem II and activities of nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase. Moreover,
the activities of antioxidant enzymes; catalase (E.C. 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7), superoxide dismutase (E.C. 1.15.1.1)
along with the proline content in leaves of the cucumber seedlings increased in proportion to chilling temperature. The stressed
seedlings of cucumber pretreated with 28-homobrassinolide maintained a higher value of antioxidant enzymes and proline content
over the control suggesting the protective mechanism against the ill-effect caused by chilling stress might be operative through
an improved antioxidant system. Furthermore, the protective role of 28-homobrassinolide was reflected in improved growth,
water relations, photosynthesis and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II both in the presence and absence of chilling stress. 相似文献
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129.
Background
Based on the ethnomedicinal uses and the effective outcomes of natural products in various diseases, this study was designed to evaluate Isodon rugosus as possible remedy in oxidative stress, alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases. Acetylecholinestrase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities of crude methanolic extract (Ir.Cr), resultant fractions (n-hexane (Ir.Hex), chloroform (Ir.Cf), ethyl acetate (Ir.EtAc), aqueous (Ir.Aq)), flavonoids (Ir.Flv) and crude saponins (Ir.Sp) of I. rugosus were investigated using Ellman’s spectrophotometric method. Antioxidant potential of I. rugosus was determined using DPPH, H2O2 and ABTS free radicals scavenging assays. Total phenolic and flavonoids contents of plant extracts were determined and expressed in mg GAE/g dry weight and mg RTE/g of dry sample respectively.Results
Among different fractions Ir.Flv and Ir.Cf exhibited highest inhibitory activity against AChE (87.44 ± 0.51, 83.73 ± 0.64%) and BChE (82.53 ± 0.71, 88.55 ± 0.77%) enzymes at 1 mg/ml with IC50 values of 45, 50 for AChE and 40, 70 μg/ml for BChE respectively. Activity of these fractions were comparable to galanthamine causing 96.00 ± 0.30 and 88.61 ± 0.43% inhibition of AChE and BChE at 1 mg/ml concentration with IC50 values of 20 and 47 μg/ml respectively. In antioxidant assays, Ir.Flv, Ir.Cf, and Ir.EtAc demonstrated highest radicals scavenging activities in DPPH and H2O2 assays which were comparable to ascorbic acid. Ir.Flv was found most potent with IC50 of 19 and 24 μg/ml against DPPH and H2O2 radicals respectively. Whereas antioxidant activates of plant samples against ABTS free radicals was moderate. Ir.Cf, Ir.EtAc and Ir.Cr showed high phenolic and flavonoid contents and concentrations of these compounds in different fractions correlated well to their antioxidant and anticholinestrase activities.Conclusion
It may be inferred from the current investigations that the Ir.Sp, Ir.Flv and various fractions of I. rugosus are good sources of anticholinesterase and antioxidant compounds. Different fractions can be subjected to activity guided isolation of bioactive compounds effective in neurological disorders. 相似文献130.