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Mario Calafat Luciana Larocca Valeria Roca Vanesa Hauk Nicolás Pregi Alcira Nesse Claudia Pérez Leirós 《Arthritis research & therapy》2009,11(2):1-10
Introduction
In systemic sclerosis (SSc) little evidence for the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy exists. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which SSc patients are treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents.Methods
Data on duration and dosage of corticosteroids and on the type of immunosuppressive agent were analyzed from 1,729 patients who were registered in the German Network for Systemic Scleroderma (DNSS).Results
A total 41.3% of all registered SSc patients was treated with corticosteroids. Corticosteroid use was reported in 49.1% of patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc and 31.3% of patients with limited cutaneous SSc (P < 0.0001). Among patients with overlap disease characteristics, 63.5% received corticosteroids (P < 0.0001 vs. limited cutaneous SSc). A total 16.1% of the patients received corticosteroids with a daily dose ≥ 15 mg prednisone equivalent. Immunosuppressive therapy was prescribed in 35.8% of patients. Again, among those patients with overlap symptoms, a much higher proportion (64.1%) was treated with immunosuppressive agents, compared with 46.4% of those with diffuse cutaneous SSc sclerosis and 22.2% of those with limited cutaneous SSc (P < 0.0001). The most commonly prescribed drugs were methotrexate (30.5%), cyclophosphamide (22.2%), azathioprine (21.8%) and (hydroxy)chloroquine (7.2%). The use of these compounds varied significantly between medical subspecialties.Conclusions
Despite limited evidence for the effectiveness of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents in SSc, these potentially harmful drugs are frequently prescribed to patients with all forms of SSc. Therefore, this study indicates the need to develop and communicate adequate treatment recommendations. 相似文献52.
Phylogenetic studies of Ophioglossaceae: evidence from rbcL and trnL-F plastid DNA sequences and morphology 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Ophioglossaceae are a putatively ancient lineage of ferns in which the aerial portion of the plant is composed of a single leaf. The simplicity of foliar morphology has limited the number of characters available for constructing classifications and contributed to taxonomic difficulties at nearly every level of classification within the family. Analysis of plastid DNA rbcL sequences from 36 species representing the diversity of Ophioglossaceae supported the monophyly of the family. Intrafamilial relationships were examined using rbcL and trnL-F plastid DNA sequences and morphological data. Individual and combined analyses of the three data sets revealed two main clades within the family, here termed ophioglossoid and botrychioid. In the botrychioid clade, Helminthostachys was sister to a broadly defined Botrychium, within which Botrychium in the narrow sense of some authors and Sceptridium were sister. Botrypus was paraphyletic, with Botrypus virginianus sister to Botrychium plus Sceptridium, and with Botrypus strictus sister to all other botrychioid species except Helminthostachys. In the ophioglossoid clade, Ophioglossum in the narrow sense was sister to Cheiroglossa plus Ophioderma, but relationships within Ophioglossum were not well supported. 相似文献
53.
Simon?C?MastbergenEmail author Nathalie?WD?Jansen Johannes?WJ?Bijlsma Floris?PJG?Lafeber 《Arthritis research & therapy》2005,8(1):R2
Treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) diminishes inflammation along with mediators
of cartilage destruction. However, NSAIDs may exert adverse direct effects on cartilage, particularly if treatment is prolonged.
We therefore compared the direct effects of indomethacin, naproxen, aceclofenac and celecoxib on matrix turnover in human
OA cartilage tissue. Human clinically defined OA cartilage from five different donors was exposed for 7 days in culture to
indomethacin, naproxen, aceclofenac and celecoxib – agents chosen based on their cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 selectivity. As a
control, SC-560 (a selective COX-1 inhibitor) was used. Changes in cartilage proteoglycan turnover and prostaglandin E2 production were determined. OA cartilage exhibited characteristic proteoglycan turnover. Indomethacin further inhibited proteoglycan
synthesis; no significant effect of indomethacin on proteoglycan release was found, and proteoglycan content tended to decrease.
Naproxen treatment was not associated with changes in any parameter. In contrast, aceclofenac and, prominently, celecoxib
had beneficial effects on OA cartilage. Both were associated with increased proteoglycan synthesis and normalized release.
Importantly, both NSAIDs improved proteoglycan content. Inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production indirectly showed that all NSAIDs inhibited COX, with the more COX-2 specific agents having more pronounced effects.
Selective COX-1 inhibition resulted in adverse effects on all parameters, and prostaglandin E2 production was only mildly inhibited. NSAIDs with low COX-2/COX-1 selectivity exhibit adverse direct effects on OA cartilage,
whereas high COX-2/COX-1 selective NSAIDs did not show such effects and might even have cartilage reparative properties. 相似文献
54.
Kurt Kirchner Gerhard Hauk Hans Jürgen Rehm 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1987,26(6):579-587
Summary The paper is concerned with the purification of exhaust gases using biocatalysts in a trickle bed reactor. Substance specific
strains (monocultures) which were, for example, immobilised on activated carbon served as biocatalyst. Technically important
solvents and substances such as aldehydes, methyl ethyl ketone and ethyl acetate were used as pollutants. Their concentration
was about 5–40 ppm in the exhaust gas to be purified. The experiments show that with suitable bacterial, strains space velocities
of about k
*=1500 h-1 can be obtained at a conversion of 90%. The mass transfer through the liquid film around the activated carbon grains seems
to be rate determining. 相似文献
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Rapid, sequential changes in surface morphology of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells in response to nerve growth factor 总被引:37,自引:17,他引:20 下载免费PDF全文
The effect of nerve growth factor (NGF), a substance that promotes the differentiation and maintenance of certain neurons, was studied via scanning electron microscopy utilizing the PC12 clonal NGF-responsive pheochromocytoma cell line. After 2-4 d of exposure to NGF, these cells acquire many of the properties of normal sympathic neurons. However, by phase microscopy, no changes are discernible within the first 12-18 h. Since the primary NGF receptor appears to be a membrane receptor, it seemed likely that some of the initial responses to the factor may be surface related. PC12 cells maintained without NGF are round to ovoid and have numerous microvilli and small blebs. After the addition of NGF, there is a rapidly initiated sequential change in the cell surface. Ruffles appear over the dorsal surface of the cells with 1 min, become prominent by 3 min, and almost disappear by 7 min. Microvilli, conversely, disappear as the dorsal ruffles become prominent. Ruffles are seen at the the periphery of cell at 3 min, are prominent on most of the cells by 7 min and are gone by 15 min. The surface remains smooth from 15 min until 45 min when large blebs appear. The large blebs are present on most cells at 2 h and are gone by 4 h. The surface remains relatively smooth until 6-7 h of NGF treatment, when microvilli reappear as small knobs. These microvilli increase in both number and length to cover the cell surface by 10 h. These changes were not observed with other basic proteins, with α-bungarotoxin (which binds specifically to PC12 membranes), and were not affected by an RNA synthesis inhibitor that blocks initiation of neurite outgrowth. Changes in the cell surface architecture appear to be among the earlist NGF responses yet detected and may represent or reflect primary events in the mechanism of the factor’s action. 相似文献
57.
Melissa K. Rhoads Pricila Hauk Jessica Terrell Chen‐Yu Tsao Hyuntaek Oh Srinivasa R. Raghavan Sheref S. Mansy Gregory F. Payne William E. Bentley 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2018,115(2):278-289
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Controlling localization of Escherichia coli populations using a two‐part synthetic motility circuit: An accelerator and brake 下载免费PDF全文