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151.
Botrytis disease of tea was reported for the first time from Rize, Turkey. The causal agent was identified as Botrytis cinerea based on morphological and cultural characteristics. Also, the species‐specific PCR assays confirmed the identification of all B. cinerea isolates. The pathogen caused blight of shoots, buds, flowers and young leaves, shoot canker and leaf spots. The disease was observed in Rize central district and Derepazar?, Çaml?hem?in, Çayeli, Pazar, Hem?in, ?kizdere, Arde?en and ?yidere districts. 相似文献
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Kassim Syara Tahrin Rabiatul Addawiyah Azwa Harun Noor Aniza 《Plasmonics (Norwell, Mass.)》2020,15(5):1499-1505
Plasmonics - Metallic core-shell substrate is specially used to serve ultrasensitive molecular detection down to concentration of micromolar level based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy... 相似文献
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Potato-legume intercropping on a sloping terrain and its effects on soil physico-chemical properties
Gitari Harun I. Gachene Charles K. K. Karanja Nancy N. Kamau Solomon Nyawade Shadrack Schulte-Geldermann Elmar 《Plant and Soil》2019,439(1-2):447-458
Plant and Soil - The objective of this paper was to develop a method based on infrared spectroscopy to compare mineral content in soils and apply it to evaluate soil mineralogical variations in... 相似文献
156.
The kinetics of the uptake and efflux of 3-O-methyl-glucose in sporidia of Ustilago maydis were measured, both in active cells and in cells whose metabolic activity had been inhibited by azide and iodoacetate. The de-energized transport system proved to be carrier mediated with apparent affinity constants 13 +/- 2 mM outside (Ko) and 18 +/- 2 mM inside (K1). The apparent maximum rate constants for the same system were 0.66 +/- 0.05 mmol/1 cell water per min for uptake (V+) and 0.53 +/- 0.04 mmol/l cell water per min for efflux (V-). For the active system K0 = 0.08 +/- 0.01, K1 greater than 40, V+ = 9.7 +/- 0.5 and V- = 1.1 +/- 0.9 (in equivalent units). These results are discussed in the context of the carrier mechanism as proposed by Regen and Morgan (Regen, D.M. and Morgan, H.E. (1964) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 79, 151--166). The antifungal compound carboxin had no effect on de-energized transport but was shown to decrease both K0 And V+ in the active system. Phloretin and phlorizin were also found to be without effect on de-energized cells but the former enhanced while the latter inhibited active uptake. 相似文献
157.
The aim of this work is to present a critical review on slurry bioreactors (SB) and their application to bioremediation of
soils and sediments polluted with recalcitrant and toxic compounds. The scope of the review encompasses the following subjects:
(i) process fundamentals of SB and analysis of advantages and disadvantages; (ii) the most recent applications of SB to laboratory scale and commercial scale soil bioremediation, with a focus on pesticides,
explosives, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and chlorinated organic pollutants; (iii) trends on the use of surfactants to improve availability of contaminants and supplementation with degradable carbon sources
to enhance cometabolism of pollutants; (iv) recent findings on the utilization of electron acceptors other than oxygen; (v) bioaugmentation and advances made on characterization of microbial communities of SB; (vi) developments on ecotoxicity assays aimed at evaluating bioremediation efficiency of the process. 相似文献
158.
Onur Can Türker Cengiz Türe Harun Böcük Anıl Yakar 《International journal of phytoremediation》2014,16(6):537-553
Constructed wetlands are of increasing interest worldwide given that they represent an eco-technological solution to many environmental problems such as wastewater treatment. Turkey possesses approximately 70% of the world's total boron (B) reserves, and B contamination occurs in both natural and cultivated sites throughout Turkey, particularly in the north-west of the country. This study analyzes B removal and plant uptake of B in pilot plots of subsurface horizontal-flow constructed wetlands. Constructed wetlands were vegetated with Typha latifolia (referred to as CW1) and Phragmites australis (referred to as CW2) to treat wastewater from a borax reserve in Turkey-the largest of its type in the world and were assessed under field conditions. The B concentrations of water inflows to the systems were determined to be 10.2, 28.2, 84.6, 232.3, 716.4, and 2019.1 mg l?1. The T. latifolia in the CW1treatment group absorbed a total of 1300 mg kg?1 B, whereas P. australis absorbed 839 mg kg?1. As a result, CW1had an average removal efficiency of 40.7%, while that of CW2was 27.2%. Our results suggest that constructed wetlands are an effective, economic and eco-friendly solution to treating B mine wastewater and controlling the adverse environmental effects of B mining. 相似文献
159.
The Tropical managed Forests Observatory: a research network addressing the future of tropical logged forests
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Plinio Sist Ervan Rutishauser Marielos Peña-Claros Alexander Shenkin Bruno Hérault Lilian Blanc Christopher Baraloto Fidèle Baya Fabrice Benedet Katia Emidio da Silva Laurent Descroix Joice Nunes Ferreira Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury Marcelino Carneiro Guedes Ismail Bin Harun Riina Jalonen Milton Kanashiro Haruni Krisnawati Mrigesh Kshatriya Philippa Lincoln Lucas Mazzei Vincent Medjibé Robert Nasi Marcus Vinicius N. d'Oliveira Luis C. de Oliveira Nicolas Picard Stephan Pietsch Michelle Pinard Hari Priyadi Francis. E. Putz Ken Rodney Vivien Rossi Anand Roopsind Ademir Roberto Ruschel Nur Hajar Zamah Shari Cintia Rodrigues de Souza Farida Herry Susanty Eleneide Doff Sotta Marisol Toledo Edson Vidal Thales A.P. West Verginia Wortel Toshihiro Yamada 《应用植被学》2015,18(1):171-174
While attention on logging in the tropics has been increasing, studies on the long-term effects of silviculture on forest dynamics and ecology remain scare and spatially limited. Indeed, most of our knowledge on tropical forests arises from studies carried out in undisturbed tropical forests. This bias is problematic given that logged and disturbed tropical forests are now covering a larger area than the so-called primary forests. A new network of permanent sample plots in logged forests, the Tropical managed Forests Observatory (TmFO), aims to fill this gap by providing unprecedented opportunities to examine long-term data on the resilience of logged tropical forests at regional and global scales. TmFO currently includes 24 experimental sites distributed across three tropical regions, with a total of 490 permanent plots and 921 ha of forest inventories. 相似文献
160.
Individual tree biomass equations were developed for a Tarchonanthus woodland and tested for their applicability in three woodland stands of Tarchonathus at Naivasha Kenya based on the felled tree measurements. Three homogenous woodland stands identified via the use of cluster analysis formed the basic sampling units. Forty-five Tarchonanthus camphoratus trees of varying diameter classes from 2 cm to 28 cm were selected and felled from the three stand types. Alternative relationships were analysed and the four best models are presented ( Tables 1 and 2 ). To test the accuracy of the developed models, a further fifteen trees per stand were felled and their dry weights calculated and compared with their estimated dry weights. For each model, validation was performed per stand with the aim of determining whether a particular model is applicable to a specific stand or to all stand types. The best model based on the adjusted R 2 , standard error of estimate and distribution of residuals is presented and compared with previously existing equations. The model uses the square root transformed form of biomass. It was concluded that the model presented here could be used to estimate tree biomass in all stands of the woodland dominated by T. camphoratus , which in many places produces nearly pure stands, excluding other woody species . The fact that the accuracy of estimation tended to vary slightly from stand to stand suggests that the model may only apply to this woodland and to any other whose structure does not differ significantly from it.
Table 1 Equations for estimation of standing biomass of Tarchonanthus camphoratus trees 相似文献