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11.
Alaedini A Okamoto H Briani C Wollenberg K Shill HA Bushara KO Sander HW Green PH Hallett M Latov N 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2007,178(10):6590-6595
Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by ingestion of wheat gliadin and related proteins in genetically susceptible individuals. In addition to the characteristic enteropathy, celiac disease is associated with various extraintestinal manifestations, including neurologic complications such as neuropathy, ataxia, seizures, and neurobehavioral changes. The cause of the neurologic manifestations is unknown, but autoimmunity resulting from molecular mimicry between gliadin and nervous system proteins has been proposed to play a role. In this study, we sought to investigate the immune reactivity of the anti-gliadin Ab response toward neural proteins. We characterized the binding of affinity-purified anti-gliadin Abs from immunized animals to brain proteins by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and peptide mass mapping. The major immunoreactive protein was identified as synapsin I. Anti-gliadin Abs from patients with celiac disease also bound to the protein. Such cross-reactivity may provide clues into the pathogenic mechanism of the neurologic deficits that are associated with gluten sensitivity. 相似文献
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Kai-Chun Cheng Akihiro Asakawa Ying-Xiao Li Hsien-Hui Chung Haruka Amitani Takatoshi Ueki Juei-Tang Cheng Akio Inui 《PloS one》2014,9(1)
Background and aims
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a phosphoinositide phosphatase that regulates crucial cellular functions, including insulin signaling, lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as survival and apoptosis. Silymarin is the active ingredient in milk thistle and exerts numerous effects through the activation of PTEN. However, the effect of silymarin on the development of insulin resistance remains unknown.Methods
Wistar rats fed fructose-rich chow or normal chow were administered oral silymarin to identify the development of insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemic- euglycemic clamping. Changes in PTEN expression in skeletal muscle and liver were compared using western blotting analysis. Further investigation was performed in L6 cells to check the expression of PTEN and insulin-related signals. PTEN deletion in L6 cells was achieved by small interfering ribonucleic acid transfection.Results
Oral administration of silymarin at a dose of 200 mg/kg once daily induced insulin resistance in normal rats and enhanced insulin resistance in fructose-rich chow-fed rats. An increase of PTEN expression was observed in the skeletal muscle and liver of rats with insulin resistance. A decrease in the phosphorylation of Akt in L6 myotube cells, which was maintained in a high-glucose condition, was also observed. Treatment with silymarin aggravated high-glucose-induced insulin resistance. Deletion of PTEN in L6 cells reversed silymarin-induced impaired insulin signaling and glucose uptake.Conclusions
Silymarin has the ability to disrupt insulin signaling through increased PTEN expression. Therefore, silymarin should be used carefully in type-2 diabetic patients. 相似文献15.
Ishibashi Y Yamaguchi H Yuasa T Iwaya-Inoue M Arima S Zheng SH 《Journal of plant physiology》2011,168(13):1562-1567
To ascertain the effect of exogenously applied hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on drought stress, we examined whether the spraying of soybean leaves with H2O2 would alleviate the symptoms of drought stress. Pre-treatment by spraying leaves with H2O2 delayed foliar wilting caused by drought stress compared to leaves sprayed with distilled water (DW). Additionally, the relative water content of drought-stressed leaves pre-treated with H2O2 was higher than that of leaves pre-treated with DW. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of H2O2 spraying on photosynthetic parameters and on the biosynthesis of oligosaccharides related to water retention in leaves during drought stress. Under conditions of drought stress, the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of leaves pre-treated with H2O2 were higher than those of leaves pre-treated with DW. In contrast to DW spraying, H2O2 spraying immediately caused an increase in the mRNA levels of d-myo-inositol 3-phosphate synthase 2 (GmMIPS2) and galactinol synthase (GolS), which encode key enzymes for the biosynthesis of oligosaccharides known to help plants tolerate drought stress. In addition, the levels of myo-inositol and galactinol were higher in H2O2-treated leaves than in DW-treated leaves. These results indicated that H2O2 spraying enabled the soybean plant to avoid drought stress through the maintenance of leaf water content, and that this water retention was caused by the promotion of oligosaccharide biosynthesis rather than by rapid stomatal closure. 相似文献
16.
Kawase T Okuda K Saito Y Amizuka N Suzuki H Yoshie H 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》2005,41(5-6):171-176
Summary Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used to promote periodontal regeneration following the premise that constituent transforming
growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factor-AB will stimulate cell proliferation at the site of application.
In previous studies, we demonstrated that PRP mimics TGF-β1 to modulate proliferation in a cell type-specific manner, that
fibrin clot formation by PRP upregulates type I collagen, and that an unidentified factor(s) in PRP increases alkaline phosphatase
(ALP) activity in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cell cultures. We have now examined the effects of PRP on in vitro mineralization.
Platelet-rich plasma and PDL cells were prepared from human adult volunteers or rats. After 20 d of continuous treatment with
PRP in dexamethazone (Dex)-containing osteogenic medium, PRP time dependently promoted mineralization by rat PDL cells but
failed to fully induce the osteoblastic phenotype. Furthermore, when human PDL cells were induced to increase ALP activity
in osteogenic medium that lacked Dex, a condition that should delay (or suppress) osteoblastic differentiation, transmission
electron microscopy revealed that mineralized spicules were initially deposited onto PRP-derived platelet aggregates. Taken
together with our previous data, these findings suggest that PRP provides platelet aggregates as nuclei to initiate mineralization
while stimulating PDL cell proliferation, differentiation, and collagen production. The combination of these effects may effectively
mediate PRP's ability to promote regeneration of periodontal tissue, including skeletal tissue, at the site of injury. 相似文献
17.
Molecular analysis of halophilic bacterial community for high-rate denitrification of saline industrial wastewater 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yoshie S Makino H Hirosawa H Shirotani K Tsuneda S Hirata A 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2006,72(1):182-189
A denitrification system for saline wastewater utilizing halophilic denitrifying bacteria has not been developed so far. In this study, denitrification performance and microbial community under various saline conditions were investigated using denitrifying sludge acclimated under low-salinity condition for a few years as seed sludge. A continuous denitrification experiment showed that denitrification performance and microbial community at 10% salinity was higher than that at 1% salinity. The microbial community in the denitrification sludge that was acclimated under low salinity was monitored by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis during acclimation to high-salinity condition. T-RFLP profiles and clone analysis based on 16S rRNA-encoding genes in the sludge of the denitrification system with 10% salinity indicated that the γ-Proteobacteria, particularly Halomonas spp., were predominant species, suggesting that these bacterial members were possibly responsible for a high denitrification activity under high-salinity conditions. Furthermore, the investigation of denitrification performance under various saline conditions revealed that 4–10% salinity results in the highest denitrification rate, indicating that this salinity was optimal for predominant bacterial species to exhibit denitrification activity. These results indicate the possibility that an appropriate denitrification system for saline wastewater can be designed using acclimated sludge with a halophilic community. 相似文献
18.
Miura Y Nishimura Y Katsuyama H Maeda M Hayashi H Dong M Hyodoh F Tomita M Matsuo Y Uesaka A Kuribayashi K Nakano T Kishimoto T Otsuki T 《Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death》2006,11(10):1825-1835
To analyze the possibility that immunological alteration in asbestos-related diseases (ARDs) such as asbestosis (ASB) and
malignant mesothelioma (MM) may affect the progression of cancers, a human adult T cell leukemia virus-immortalized T cell
line (MT-2Org) was continuously exposed to 10 μg/ml of chrysotile-B (CB), an asbestos. After at least 8 months of exposure,
the rate of apoptosis in the cells became very low and the resultant subline was designated MT-2Rst. The MT-2Rst cells were
characterized by (i) enhanced expression of bcl-2, with regain of apoptosis-sensitivity by reduction of bcl-2 by siRNA, (ii) excess IL-10 secretion and expression, and (iii) activation of STAT3 that was inhibited by PP2, a specific
inhibitor of Src family kinases. These results suggested that the contact between cells and asbestos may affect the human
immune system and trigger a cascade of biological events such as activation of Src family kinases, enhancement of IL-10 expression,
STAT3 activation and Bcl-2 overexpression. This speculation was partially confirmed by the detection of elevated bcl-2 expression levels in CD4 + peripheral blood T cells from patients with MM compared with those from patients with ASB or healthy
donors. Further studies will be required to verify the role of T cells with enhanced bcl-2 expression in tumor progression induced by asbestos exposure. 相似文献
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Katsura Kakoki Haruka Kamiyama Mai Izumida Yuka Yashima Hideki Hayashi Naoki Yamamoto Toshifumi Matsuyama Tsukasa Igawa Hideki Sakai Yoshinao Kubo 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2014
Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is a novel gammaretrovirus that was originally isolated from human prostate cancer. It is now believed that XMRV is not the etiologic agent of prostate cancer. An analysis of murine leukemia virus (MLV) infection in various human cell lines revealed that prostate cancer cell lines are preferentially infected by XMRV, and this suggested that XMRV infection may confer some sort of growth advantage to prostate cancer cell lines. To examine this hypothesis, androgen-dependent LNCaP cells were infected with XMRV and tested for changes in certain cell growth properties. We found that XMRV-infected LNCaP cells can proliferate in the absence of the androgen dihydrotestosterone. Moreover, androgen receptor expression is significantly reduced in XMRV-infected LNCaP cells. Such alterations were not observed in uninfected and amphotropic MLV-infected LNCaP cells. This finding explains why prostate cancer cell lines are preferentially infected with XMRV. 相似文献