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111.
Sydney Parkinson, aged 18, was Sir Joseph Banks' private assistant and artist on Captain Cook's first voyage around the world. Parkinson died on the voyage. Among his effects delivered to his brother Stanfield were drawings and notes which the latter published as a journal. Included in it is a chapter on the economic plants of Tahiti, and most of them are given scientific names, some of which were new. In 1941 Fosberg adopted two of them to form names which were new combinations under Artocarpus , and Inocarpus . The writer now indicates that Parkinson's names of 1773 were mononomials, hence invalid, but that in the German edition of 1774, edited by Herr "Z", the names are valid binomials. For the two plants mentioned, the authorship of the combinations is revised.  相似文献   
112.
Rat serum, in which the complement system had been activated by incubation with zymosan, increased the glucose and lactate output, and reduced and redistributed the flow in isolated perfused rat liver clearly more than the control serum. Heat inactivation of the rat serum prior to zymosan incubation abolished this difference. Metabolic and hemodynamic alterations caused by the activated serum were dose dependent. They were almost completely inhibited by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin and by the thromboxane antagonist 4-[2-(4-chlorobenzesulfonamide)-ethyl]-benzene-acetic acid (BM 13505), but clearly less efficiently by the 5'-lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid and the leukotriene antagonist N-(3-[3-(4-acetyl-3-hydroxy-2-propyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-4-chlorine-6-meth yl- phenyl)-1H-tetrazole-5-carboxamide sodium salt (CGP 35949 B). Control serum and to a much larger extent complement-activated serum, caused an overflow of thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha into the hepatic vein. It is concluded that the activated complement system of rat serum can influence liver metabolism and hemodynamics via release from nonparenchymal liver cells of thromboxane and prostaglandins, the latter of which can in turn act on the parenchymal cells.  相似文献   
113.
Ted St. Godard 《CMAJ》2004,171(3):262-264
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115.
Etretinate or acitretin are efficiently delivered to cultured human fibroblasts in the presence of low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins or human serum albumin. In contrast to acitretin, delivery of etretinate to fibroblasts is more efficiently achieved with human serum albumin than with lipoproteins. The uptake of etretinate and acitretin via low density lipoproteins delivery, does not take place via the low density lipoprotein-receptor endocytotic pathway but mostly through a passive exchange with the plasma membrane. However, in contrast to acitretin, the exchange of etretinate seems to occur alter binding of etretinate-loaded low density lipoproteins to the apolipoprotein B receptors. No differences are observed in binding, internalization and degradation of native, etretinate-loaded low density lipoproteins and acitretin-loaded low density lipoproteins, suggesting that the presence of these retinoids in low density lipoproteins does not alter their processing by the cells. Furthermore, the presence of these retinoids in the cells does not notably affect, under our experimental conditions, the catabolism of native low density lipoproteins.  相似文献   
116.
Summary Phage adsorption tests and transfection by electroporation were carried out to decide whether phage-resistance in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain 4513-5 is based on intracellular or extracellular mechanisms. Using high voltage (12.5 kV/cm) electroporation, untreated phage DNA was introduced into phage-sensitive and phage-resistant cells. Since phages showed low adsorption frequencies on resistant bacteria, resistance is localized in the cell wall preventing phage DNA from entering the cell. This is the only mechanism responsible for the resistance of L. lactis subsp. lactis 4513-5 against its homologous phage P4513-K12 and non-homologous phages P05M-13 and P05M-47, but not against phage P530-7 and phage P530-12. In the case of the latter two phage strains, intracellular resistance mechanisms are involved and discussed.  相似文献   
117.
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Orobates pabsti, a basal diadectid from the lower Permian, is a key fossil for the understanding of early amniote evolution. Quantitative analysis of anatomical information suffers from fragmentation of fossil bones, plastic deformation due to diagenetic processes and fragile preservation within surrounding rock matrix, preventing further biomechanical investigation. Here we describe the steps taken to digitally reconstruct MNG 10181, the holotype specimen of Orobates pabsti, and subsequently use the digital reconstruction to assess body mass, position of the centre of mass in individual segments as well as the whole animal, and study joint mobility in the shoulder and hip joints. The shape of most fossil bone fragments could be recovered from micro-focus computed tomography scans. This also revealed structures that were hitherto hidden within the rock matrix. However, parts of the axial skeleton had to be modelled using relevant isolated bones from the same locality as templates. Based on the digital fossil, mass of MNG 10181 was estimated using a model of body shape that was varied within a plausible range to account for uncertainties of the dimension. In the mean estimate model the specimen had an estimated mass of circa 4 kg. Varying of the mass distribution amongst body segments further revealed that Orobates carried most of its weight on the hind limbs. Mostly unrestricted joint morphology further suggested that MNG 10181 was able to effectively generate propulsion with the pelvic limbs. The digital reconstruction is made available for future biomechanical studies.  相似文献   
119.
The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) such as height and their underlying causative variants is still challenging and often requires large sample sizes. In humans hundreds of loci with small effects control the heritable portion of height variability. In domestic animals, typically only a few loci with comparatively large effects explain a major fraction of the heritability. We investigated height at withers in Shetland ponies and mapped a QTL to ECA 6 by genome-wide association (GWAS) using a small cohort of only 48 animals and the Illumina equine SNP70 BeadChip. Fine-mapping revealed a shared haplotype block of 793 kb in small Shetland ponies. The HMGA2 gene, known to be associated with height in horses and many other species, was located in the associated haplotype. After closing a gap in the equine reference genome we identified a non-synonymous variant in the first exon of HMGA2 in small Shetland ponies. The variant was predicted to affect the functionally important first AT-hook DNA binding domain of the HMGA2 protein (c.83G>A; p.G28E). We assessed the functional impact and found impaired DNA binding of a peptide with the mutant sequence in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. This suggests that the HMGA2 variant also affects DNA binding in vivo and thus leads to reduced growth and a smaller stature in Shetland ponies. The identified HMGA2 variant also segregates in several other pony breeds but was not found in regular-sized horse breeds. We therefore conclude that we identified a quantitative trait nucleotide for height in horses.  相似文献   
120.
The complete life histories of Tilopteris mertensii and haplospora globosa were followed in culture. Tilopteris shows a succession of identical plants through uninucleate “eggs” which develop parthenogenetically. In Haplospora, sporophytes alternate with gametophytes without sexuality and nuclear alternation. However, evidence for meiotic stages is found in sporangium initials. Gametophytes produce oogonia and antheridia, and eggs develop parthenogenetically. The chromosome number of Tilopteris is n = 62 (60–65). In both phases of Haplospora numbers are n = 50 (43–54). Haplospora from Heligoland perpetuates the sporophyte only at chromosome numbers of n = 25 (22–28).  相似文献   
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