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21.
Direct binding to and tyrosine phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of the type I interferon receptor by p135tyk2 tyrosine kinase. 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7 下载免费PDF全文
O Colamonici H Yan P Domanski R Handa D Smalley J Mullersman M Witte K Krishnan J Krolewski 《Molecular and cellular biology》1994,14(12):8133-8142
22.
Halotolerance of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum delta H and Marburg. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
R Ciulla C Clougherty N Belay S Krishnan C Zhou D Byrd M F Roberts 《Journal of bacteriology》1994,176(11):3177-3187
Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum delta H and Marburg were adapted to grow in medium containing up to 0.65 M NaCl. From 0.01 to 0.5 M NaCl, there was a lag before cell growth which increased with increasing external NaCl. The effect of NaCl on methane production was not significant once the cells began to grow. Intracellular solutes were monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as a function of osmotic stress. In the delta H strain, the major intracellular small organic solutes, cyclic-2,3-diphosphoglycerate and glutamate, increased at most twofold between 0.01 and 0.4 M NaCl and decreased when the external NaCl was 0.5 M. M. thermoautotrophicum Marburg similarly showed a decrease in solute (cyclic-2,3-diphosphoglycerate, 1,3,4,6-tetracarboxyhexane, and L-alpha-glutamate) concentrations for cells grown in medium containing > 0.5 M NaCl. At 0.65 M NaCl, a new organic solute, which was visible in only trace amounts at the lower NaCl concentrations, became the dominant solute. Intracellular potassium in the delta H strain, detected by atomic absorption and 39K NMR, was roughly constant between 0.01 and 0.4 M and then decreased as the external NaCl increased further. The high intracellular K+ was balanced by the negative charges of the organic osmolytes. At the higher external salt concentrations, it is suggested that Na+ and possibly Cl- ions are internalized to provide osmotic balance. A striking difference of strain Marburg from strain delta H was that yeast extract facilitated growth in high-NaCl-containing medium. The yeast extract supplied only trace NMR-detectable solutes (e.g., betaine) but had a large effect on endogenous glutamate levels, which were significantly decreased. Exogenous choline and glycine, instead of yeast extract, also aided growth in NaCl-containing media. Both solutes were internalized with the choline converted to betaine; the contribution to osmotic balance of these species was 20 to 25% of the total small-molecule pool. These results indicate that M. thermoautotrophicum shows little changes in its internal solutes over a wide range of external NaCl. Furthermore, they illustrate the considerable differences in physiology in the delta H and Marburg strains of this organism. 相似文献
23.
A rapid propagation method comprising initiation of in vitro shoot tip culture from field-grown flowering plants and reculture of the nodal segments of regenerated shoots in Schenk and Hildebrandt (1972) medium was developed for Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz., a rare medicinal shrub. A medium supplement of 6-benzylaminopurine (0.2 mg.l–1) induced high frequency (88%) development of axillary shoot buds (3.2) in 4–5 weeks. Subculture of the explants with multiple new shoots in fresh medium for 30 days yielded an even larger number (9.7) of shoots. Highest multiplication (26–35 shoots) was recorded when using culture initiation media with 0.5 mg.l–1 each of BAP and NAA followed by subculture in 0.2 mg.l–1 BAP. The shoot multiplication rate was further accelerated by reculturing 0.4–0.6 cm nodal segments of regenerated shoots in media with 1.0 mg.l–1 BAP. Shoot cuttings (3.5–7.0 cm) were rooted in 0.2 mg.l–1 IAA. Regenerated plants displayed uniform morphological, growth and flowering characteristics.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- SH
Schenk and Hildebrandt (1972) medium 相似文献
24.
Vladimir Vartanian Jocelyn F. Krey Paroma Chatterjee Allison Curtis Makayla Six Sean P. M. Rice Sherri M. Jones Harini Sampath Charles N. Allen Renee C. Ryals R. Stephen Lloyd Peter G. Barr-Gillespie 《Genes, Brain & Behavior》2023,22(4):e12849
Relationships between novel phenotypic behaviors and specific genetic alterations are often discovered using target-specific, directed mutagenesis or phenotypic selection following chemical mutagenesis. An alternative approach is to exploit deficiencies in DNA repair pathways that maintain genetic integrity in response to spontaneously induced damage. Mice deficient in the DNA glycosylase NEIL1 show elevated spontaneous mutations, which arise from translesion DNA synthesis past oxidatively induced base damage. Several litters of Neil1 knockout mice included animals that were distinguished by their backwards-walking behavior in open-field environments, while maintaining frantic forward movements in their home cage environment. Other phenotypic manifestations included swim test failures, head tilting and circling. Mapping of the mutation that conferred these behaviors showed the introduction of a stop codon at amino acid 4 of the Ush1g gene. Ush1gbw/bw null mice displayed auditory and vestibular defects that are commonly seen with mutations affecting inner-ear hair-cell function, including a complete lack of auditory brainstem responses and vestibular-evoked potentials. As in other Usher syndrome type I mutant mouse lines, hair cell phenotypes included disorganized and split hair bundles, as well as altered distribution of proteins for stereocilia that localize to the tips of row 1 or row 2. Disruption to the bundle and kinocilium displacement suggested that USH1G is essential for forming the hair cell's kinocilial links. Consistent with other Usher type 1 models, Ush1gbw/bw mice had no substantial retinal degeneration compared with Ush1gbw/+ controls. In contrast to previously described Ush1g alleles, this new allele provides the first knockout model for this gene. 相似文献
25.
D. Mayilvahanan G. Annadurai V. Raju M. Chellapandian M. R. V. Krishnan Kunthala Jayaraman 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》1996,15(6):323-326
Techniques for possible higher and rapid production of citric acid from the well known industrial medium i.e. molasses has
been reported using Aspergillus niger. This includes optimization of the total reducing sugar (TRS) and nutrients like nitrogen
and phosphorous. The long and unproductive lag periods normally associated with this type of fermentation has been reduced.
These strategies are discussed in detail.
Dr. M. Chellapandian is thankful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, for the award of research
associateship. 相似文献
26.
A Genetic and Mosaic Analysis of a Locus Involved in the Anesthesia Response of Drosophila Melanogaster 下载免费PDF全文
We describe a genetic and behavioral analysis of several alleles of har38, a mutant with altered sensitivity to the general anesthetic halothane. We obtained a P-element-induced allele of har38 and generated several excision alleles by remobilizing the P element. The mutants narrow abdomen (na) and har85 are confirmed to be allelic to har38. Besides a decreased sensitivity to halothane, all mutant alleles of this locus cause a characteristic walking behavior in the absence of anesthetics. We have quantified this behavior using a geotaxis apparatus. Responses of the mutant alleles to different inhalational anesthetics were tested. The results strongly favor a multipathway model for the onset of anesthesia. Mosaic flies were tested for their response to halothane and checked for their abnormal walking behavior. The analysis suggests that both the behaviors are exhibited only by such mosaics as have the entire head of mutant origin. It is likely that this focus represents an element of a common pathway in the anesthetic response to several inhalational anesthetics but not all. This result is the first demonstration of regional specificity in the CNS of any animal for general anesthetic action. 相似文献
27.
Krishnan Bharath S.; Clemens Ron E.; Zintel Trevor A.; Stockwell Martin J.; Gallagher Charles G. 《Journal of applied physiology》1997,83(1):82-88
Krishnan, Bharath S., Ron E. Clemens, Trevor A. Zintel,Martin J. Stockwell, and Charles G. Gallagher. Ventilatory response to helium-oxygen breathing during exercise: effect of airwayanesthesia. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1):82-88, 1997.The substitution of a normoxic helium mixture(HeO2) for room air (Air) during exercise results in a sustained hyperventilation, which is present evenin the first breath. We hypothesized that this response is dependent onintact airway afferents; if so, airway anesthesia (Anesthesia) shouldaffect this response. Anesthesia was administered to the upper airwaysby topical application and to lower central airways by aerosolinhalation and was confirmed to be effective for over 15 min. Subjectsperformed constant work-rate exercise (CWE) at 69 ± 2 (SE) % maximal work rate on a cycle ergometer on three separate days: twiceafter saline inhalation (days 1 and3) and once after Anesthesia(day 2). CWE commenced after a briefwarm-up, with subjects breathing Air for the first 5 min (Air-1),HeO2 for the next 3 min, and Airagain until the end of CWE (Air-2). The resistance of the breathingcircuit was matched for Air andHeO2. BreathingHeO2 resulted in a small butsignificant increase in minute ventilation(I) anddecrease in alveolar PCO2 in both theSaline (average of 2 saline tests; not significant) and Anesthesiatests. Although Anesthesia had no effect on the sustainedhyperventilatory response to HeO2breathing, theI transientswithin the first six breaths ofHeO2 were significantly attenuatedwith Anesthesia. We conclude that theI response to HeO2 is not simply due to areduction in external tubing resistance and that, in humans, airwayafferents mediate the transient but not the sustained hyperventilatoryresponse to HeO2 breathing duringexercise. 相似文献
28.
Effect of oilseed cakes on alpha-amylase production by Bacillus licheniformis CUMC305. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
The effects of oilseed cakes on extracellular thermostable alpha-amylase production by Bacillus licheniformis CUMC305 was investigated. Each oilseed cake was made of groundnut, mustard, sesame, linseed, coconut copra, madhuca, or cotton. alpha-Amylase production was considerably improved in all instances and varied with the oilseed cake concentration in basal medium containing peptone and beef extract. Maximum increases were effected by a low concentration (0.5 to 1.0%) of groundnut or coconut, a high concentration (3%) of linseed or mustard, and an Rintermediate concentration (2%) of cotton, madhuca, or sesame. The oilseed cakes made of groundnut or mustard could completely replace the conventional peptone-beef extract medium as the fermentation base for the production of alpha-amylase by B. licheniformis. The addition of corn steep liquor to cotton, linseed, sesame, or madhuca cake in the medium improved alpha-amylase production. 相似文献
29.
Sequence and analysis of the nodABC region of Rhizobium fredii USDA257, a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of soybean and other legumes. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
We cloned and analyzed nodABC from Rhizobium fredii USDA257. These genes are thought to have common functions in initiation of nitrogen-fixing nodules by all rhizobia. In USDA257, they were located in a 9.2-kb EcoRI fragment that was not closely linked to either of two copies of the regulatory gene, nodD. nodABC was present in a 3,094-base pair (bp) sequenced region, which also included a consensus nod-box promoter. The three open reading frames contained 654, 642, and 1,239 bp, respectively, and encoded deduced proteins of 21.9, 23.4, and 44.7 kD. The sequence of the nodABC region of USDA257 was generally homologous with corresponding regions from other rhizobia, but it diverged significantly in the 5' non-translated region and in the 3'terminus of nodC. nodC was not translationally coupled to nodSU, as in another soybean symbiont, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and the deduced NodC protein was the shortest of any such proteins yet described. Site-directed mutagenesis of the 9.2-kb EcoRI fragment confirmed that nodA, nodB, and nodC are essential for nodulation of soybean, but failed to identify other linked nod genes. Daidzein, a major isoflavone from soybean roots, was the most potent of nine tested flavonoids in activating a plasmid-borne nodC::lacZ fusion. The 9.2-kb fragment complemented nodA-, nodB-, and nodC- mutants of R. meliloti to the Nod+ phenotype on Medicago sativa, M. truncatula, and Trigonella foenum-graecum. Nodule numbers, percentage of nodulated plants, and shoot dry weights, however, were considerably less than in plants inoculated with mutants complemented with nodABC from R. meliloti. 相似文献
30.
Two variants of a simplified procedure for the isolation of plasma membrane fractions from monkey and rat brains, are described. The preparations show marked enrichments in the marker enzymes, (Na+-K+) adenosine triphosphatase, acetylcholinesterase, 5′-nucleotidase and adenylate cyclase. Lipid analysis and a protein electrophoretic pattern are presented. An enzymatic check has been made to assess for contamination by other cellular organelles. The amino acid composition of brain membrane proteins show a resemblance to the reported composition of erythrocyte ghost proteins but differ from myelin proteins. 相似文献