七种鲤科鱼类标志的研究

鱼类标志广泛应用于鱼类遗传育种,引种驯化,种群数量变动,鱼类洄游分布,鱼类资源评估等工作。所以,鱼类标志已成为一种重要的研究手段。我们在进行鲫鱼的选育中,深感标志的重要。过去,我们一直采用断伤截鳍(腹鳍或胸鳍)法,效果虽十分明显,但尚未消除截鳍是否影响鱼类生长的疑虑。为此,我们继1985年部分鲫鱼进行软鳍条标志法取得了初步效果后,又于1986年3—10月进行了标志工作,取得了比较满意的结果。       

Iduna protects HT22 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress through interfering poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-induced cell death (parthanatos)

Oxidative stress-induced cell death is common in many neurological diseases. However, the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-induced cell death (parthanatos) has not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) could lead to PARP-1 activation and apoptosis-inducing factor nuclear translocation in a concentration dependent manner. Iduna, as a novel regulator of parthanatos, was also induced by H₂O₂. Down-regulation of Iduna by genetic ablation promoted H₂O₂-induced cell damage. Up-regulation of Iduna reduced the loss of mitochondrial potential and ATP and NAD + production, but did not affect the mitochondrial dysfunction-induced cytochrome c release, increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and Caspase-9/Caspase-3 activity. In contrast, overexpression of Iduna inhibited activation of PARP-1 and nuclear translocation of AIF. Further study showed that PARP-1 specific inhibitor, DPQ, blocked the protective effect of Iduna against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, in the presence of proteasome inhibitor (MG-132) or ubiquitin E1 inhibitor (PYR-41), protective effect of Iduna was significantly weaken. These results indicate that Iduna acts as a potential antioxidant by improving mitochondrial function and inhibiting oxidative stress-induced parthanatos, and these protective effects are dependent on the involvement of ubiquitin–proteasome system.     

银鲫雌核发育的细胞学观察

在受精卵内,精子核呈凝缩状态,不形成雄性原核,没有看到两性原核融合。在刚产出的成熟卵子中没有看到极体,直到受精后10分钟(在水温19°—21℃)才有唯一的一个极体排出。在同一尾银鲫产出的同批卵子中,绝大多数具有成熟分裂中期的卵核,并在精子入卵后继续进行发育(雌核发育),接着排出唯一的一个极体;授精7分钟的少数卵子具有三极纺锤体状的核。根据现在的观察,双凤水库的银鲫是以雌核发育方式繁殖的种群。       

Epidemics and Frequent Recombination within Species in Outbreaks of Human Enterovirus B-Associated Hand,Foot and Mouth Disease in Shandong China in 2010 and 2011

The epidemiology and molecular characteristics of human enterovirus B (HEV-B) associated with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks in China are not well known. In the present study, we tested 201 HEV isolates from 233 clinical specimens from patients with severe HFMD during 2010–2011 in Linyi, Shandong, China. Of the 201 isolates, 189 were fully typed and 18 corresponded to HEV-B species (six serotypes CVA9, CVB1, CVB4, Echo 6, Echo 25 and Echo 30) using sensitive semi-nested polymerase chain reaction analysis of VP1 gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 region showed that eight E30SD belonged to a novel sub-genogroup D2; E25SD belonged to a novel sub-genogroup D6; E6SD belonged to sub-lineage C6 and five CVB1SD belonged to subgroup 4C; and B4SD belonged sub-lineage D2. The full viral genomes of the CVB1SD, E6SD, E25SD and E30SD isolates were sequenced. Analysis of phylogenetic and similarity plots indicated that E25SD recombined with E25-HN-2, E30FDJS03 and E4AUS250 at noncontiguous P2A–P3D regions, while E30SD, E30FDJ03, E25-HN-2 and E9 DM had shared sequences in discrete regions of P2 and P3. Both E6SD and B1SD shared sequences with E1-HN, B4/GX/10, B5-HN, and A9-Alberta in contiguous regions of most of P2 and P3. Genetic algorithm recombination detection analysis further confirmed the existence of multiple potential recombination points. In conclusion, analysis of the complete genomes of E25SD, E30SD, CVB1SD and E6SD isolated from HFMD patients revealed that they formed novel subgenogroup. Given the prevalence and recombination of these viruses in outbreaks of HFMD, persistent surveillance of HFMD-associated HEV-B pathogens is required to predict potential emerging viruses and related disease outbreaks.     

Netrin‐1 alleviates subarachnoid haemorrhage‐induced brain injury via the PPARγ/NF‐KB signalling pathway

Netrin‐1 (NTN‐1) is a novel drug to alleviate early brain injury following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). However the molecular mechanism of NTN‐1‐mediated protection against early brain injury following SAH remains largely elusive. This study aims to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of NTN‐1 in protecting SAH‐induced early brain injury. The endovascular perforation SAH model was constructed using male C57BL/6J mice, and recombinant NTN‐1 was administrated intravenously. Mortality rates, SAH grade, brain water content, neurological score and neuronal apoptosis were evaluated. The expression of PPARγ, Bcl‐2, Bax and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) were detected by Western blot. Small interfering RNA specific to NTN‐1 receptor, UNC5B, and a selective PPARγ antagonist, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), were applied in combination with NTN‐1. The results suggested that NTN‐1 improved the neurological deficits, reduced the brain water content and alleviated neuronal apoptosis. In addition, NTN‐1 enhanced PPARγ and Bcl‐2 expression and decreased the levels of Bax and NF‐κB. However, the neuroprotection of NTN‐1 was abolished by UNC5B and BADGE. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that NTN‐1 attenuates early brain injury following SAH via the UNC5B PPARγ/NF‐κB signalling pathway.     

广东雌核发育鲫鱼的生物学及养殖试验的初步研究

迄今为止,关于银鲫是天然雌核发育的鱼类已由许多学者所证实。然而,生活在广东省翁源县等地的“缩骨鲫”(与淡水中习见的鲫鱼体型及生活生殖方式均不一样)。目前仅有过一般报道。       

Concentration of circulating microparticles: a new biomarker of acute heart failure after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Acute heart failure(AHF) is a severe complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB). Although some AHF biomarkers have been used in clinic, they have limitations when applied in the prediction and diagnosis of AHF after cardiac surgery with CPB, and there are still no effective and specific biomarkers. We and other researchers have shown that circulating microparticles(MPs) increased in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, whether the concentration of circulating MPs could be a new biomarker for AHF after cardiac surgery remains unknown. Here, 90 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB and 45 healthy subjects were enrolled. Patients were assigned into AHF(n=14) or non-AHF(n=76) group according to the diagnosis criteria of AHF. The concentrations of circulating MPs were determined before, as well as 12 h and 3 days after operation with nanoparticle tracking analysis technique. MPs concentrations in patients before surgery were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects. Plasma levels of MPs were significantly elevated at 12 h after surgery in patients with AHF, but not in those without AHF, and the circulating MPs concentrations at 12 h after surgery were higher in AHF group compared with non-AHF group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that MPs concentration at postoperative 12 h was an independent risk factor for AHF. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve for MPs concentration at postoperative 12 h was 0.87 and the best cut-off value is 5.20×10~8 particles mL~(–1) with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 70%. These data suggested that the concentration of circulating MPs might be a new biomarker for the occurrence of AHF after cardiac surgery with CPB.