1. 1. The objective of this paper is to investigate the indoor environment from the viewpoint of interaction between physical environment and the human responses. The field survey has been conducted over 1 year.
2. 2. A continuous measurement has been carried out for 1 week and distribution of variables have been measured for 1 day.
3. 3. The attitude of workers was investigated by a questionnaire.
4. 4. As the result, average luminance represented more than 1000 lx in the new building, in contrast with less tha 300 lx in the existing building.
5. 5. There was a significant difference of the occupants' response to the light environment between the two buildings.
6. 6. Measured thermal conditions are on the edge of the ASHRAE comfort envelope in summer, and in the neighborhood of the lower dry limit of the envelope in spring.
7. 7. The occupants' evaluations were remarkably changed before and after the moving. The office environment is better than that of the factory.
Quantifying the impacts that invasive alien species (IAS) cause on affected systems is not an easy task. Here, we explore the application of variation partitioning techniques to measure and control for the effects of possible confounding factors when studying the impact that feral pigeons, European starlings, and house sparrows cause on native urban bird communities in Mexico. We argue that these IAS are provoking a severe impact on whole assemblages of native passerines only if (a) their marginal effect is statistically significant, (b) it remains so after partialling out other explanatory variables, and (c) is larger than (or similar to) the conditional effect of these covariates. We censused passerine bird assemblages and measured habitat variables in a number of greenspaces in three replicate study areas. Then, by means of partial redundancy analyses, we decomposed the total variability in bird data as a function of IAS, physical variables and vegetation data. In one of the study areas the marginal effect of IAS on native assemblages was significant, but the conditional effect was not. We conclude that this IAS effect was confounded with other explanatory variables. In the other study areas, no (marginal or partial) significant effect was found. Without invoking interspecific competition, our results support the opportunistic hypothesis, according to which IAS can exploit ecological conditions in modern cities that native species cannot even tolerate. Finally, apart from the Precautionary Principle, we found no scientific justification to control the abundance of the three IAS in our study areas. 相似文献
Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection associated with a high mortality rate, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Mucormycosis rarely occurs in cirrhotic patients. Here, we report a case of mucormycosis with underlying liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus. The patient suffered from maxillary sinusitis and osteomyelitis, and the infection was successfully treated with antifungal agents, surgical debridement, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The antifungal treatments used were liposomal amphotericin B, itraconazole, and posaconazole. Although our patient had liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh classification B), no hepatic decompensation was developed during the treatment course of posaconazole. This is the first report of the safe and effective use of posaconazole for the treatment of mucormycosis in a cirrhotic patient. 相似文献
For most of the twentieth century the state was not a major part of the anthropological toolkit. Despite significant archaeologically driven work on evolution and state formation, most socio-cultural anthropologists have viewed the state with empiricist scepticism, populist hostility, or ethnographic indifference. Typically, state-theory has been left to other disciplines, such as political science and sociology. Since the end of the cold war there has been a greatly increased interest in the state among anthropologists. Philip Abrams, Michael Herzfeld, and Akhil Gupta, who coined the phrase “ethnography of the state”, have been particularly important to this development. However, there remains no serious engagement with the body of state-theory generated, over the last century, by political activists, scientists, sociologists, and anthropologists. It will be argued that this has allowed for the growth of an unproblematised orthodoxy around an ethnographically informed variant of classic American pluralist state-theory. This orthodoxy has hobbled the understanding and explanation of complex political phenomena, led to confusion between hypotheses and conclusions, and tied parts of the discipline to a partisan political project that remains largely un-interrogated. This essay seeks to provide context and clarification on state-theory as a step towards discussion of anthropology’s contemporary engagement with the state and broader questions of political action and social change. 相似文献
Brown–black (or dematiaceous) fungi are responsible for a wide variety of infectious syndromes in both immunocompetent and
immunocompromised patients, including local infections, allergic disease, pneumonia, brain abscess, and disseminated infection.
They are distinct from the more common hyaline molds, Aspergillus and Fusarium, that cause human disease. They are often found in soil and generally distributed worldwide. In recent years, these fungi
have been increasingly recognized as important pathogens. Dematiaceous fungi may have unique pathogenic mechanisms owing to
the presence of melanin in their cell walls, which imparts the characteristic dark color to their spores and hyphae. Diagnosis
rests on careful microscopic and pathologic examination, as there are no specific laboratory tests to reliably identify these
fungi. Therapy depends upon the clinical syndrome, although disseminated infection often has high mortality. Triazoles such
as voriconazole, posaconazole, and itraconazole are the most active antifungal agents available. Further studies are needed
to better understand the pathogenesis and optimal treatment of these uncommon infections. 相似文献
The efficacy and the optimal type and volume of aerobic exercise (AE) in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) are not established.
We therefore assessed the efficacy of different types and volumes of AE in FMS. 相似文献