低剂量CO2激光对茄子,青椒叶绿体超微结构影响的初步观察

本试验用功率密度为825mw/cm~2的CO_2激光照射茄子干种子(含水量8.33％)13s、青椒干种子(含水量5.4％)3s,分别以Os为对照(ck)。照射后播于生长箱内,出苗10天分苗于玻璃温室内,于四叶期取样观察成熟叶片叶绿体的超微结构。发现激光照射处理的茄子、青椒的叶绿体的基质片层、基粒片层有明显的吸胀现象。     

柬埔寨白蝶兰，中国兰科一新记录种

报道中国兰科白蝶兰属一新记录种——柬埔寨白蝶兰Pecteilis cambodiana (Gagnep.) Aver.,描述其特征并提供了彩色图片。凭证标本保存于福建农林大学林学院树木标本室(FJFC)。     

中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂感染囊状幼虫病毒后免疫及发育相关基因表达比较

【目的】本文旨在探究囊状幼虫病毒(sacbrood virus, SBV)对中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana,简称中蜂)和意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica,简称意蜂)工蜂幼虫发育和免疫基因、营养代谢基因、抗病毒基因、细胞发育及代谢相关基因表达的影响。【方法】从蜂群中移取2日龄的中蜂和意蜂幼虫,在培养箱(34℃, RH 85%)进行人工饲养,3日龄时接种SBV病毒,每天观察记录死亡情况,并通过实时定量PCR (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR)检测4日龄和7日龄幼虫体内SBV基因相对表达量,及免疫基因(Apidaecin、Abaecin、Hymenoptaecin、Denfensin、Lys-1、Pgrp-lc、Kenny、Domeless)、营养代谢基因(Ilp1、Hex110、Vg)、抗病毒基因(Dis3、Dicer、Ago1)、细胞组成及发育调控基因(Vhdl、Co-1-iv)以及细胞代谢和调控基因(Mta1)的表达水平。【结果】通过分析比较发现,感染相同剂量...     

枯草芽孢杆菌聚谷氨酸合成途径相关基因功能研究

聚谷氨酸(polyglutamic acid, PGA)作为一种天然多功能的聚合物,近年来成为研究的热点。由于很难通过化学方法合成,微生物发酵是目前生产聚谷氨酸的有效途径。【目的】从基因水平探究枯草芽孢杆菌聚谷氨酸合成途径中degS、degQ、degU、swrA、rocA、putM基因的功能,通过分子改造实现对代谢途径的调控。【方法】以枯草芽孢杆菌为出发菌株,通过对代谢途径中相关基因进行敲除或过表达,分别构建degS、degQ和degU基因缺失的重组菌,swrA、rocA和putM基因过表达的重组菌,借助菌株胞外聚谷氨酸积累的变化分析影响途径的关键节点。【结果】在摇瓶发酵条件下,重组菌Bacillus subtilis 168-swrA、Bacillus subtilis 168-rocA、Bacillus subtilis 168-putM的胞外聚谷氨酸含量分别是原始菌株的1.28倍、1.47倍和1.37倍。重组菌Bacillus subtilis 168-ΔdegS、Bacillus subtilis 168-ΔdegQ、Bacillus subtilis 168-ΔdegU的胞外...     

论二次抽样以矫正多样性统计偏差的经典、发展与应用

稀疏标准化是定量古生物工作中矫正多样性统计偏差的常用方法。相比基于样本大小的传统稀疏化,基于采样充分度的改进能更忠实反映多样性信息。然而一些案例对于稀疏化的适用性不够重视,尤其是改进的方法鲜有国内文献介绍。本文阐述了稀疏化的原理,强调了应用的注意事项和改进方法的优势。稀疏化的原理是从大小不同的样本中二次抽样出彼此“公平”的子样本,以比较其分类单元丰富度。传统方法据样本大小衡量公平,改进的方法据采样充分度评估公平,要求子样本在群落中代表的个体频率总和相等。两种思路均可通过计算机模拟多次重复二次抽样或公式推导来计算,已有PAST和iNext等软件可以实现。采样是否充分代表了古生物群落是有效应用该方法的首要前提。     

The complex genome and adaptive evolution of polyploid Chinese pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum and Zanthoxylum bungeanum)

Zanthoxylum armatum and Zanthoxylum bungeanum, known as ‘Chinese pepper’, are distinguished by their extraordinary complex genomes, phenotypic innovation of adaptive evolution and species-special metabolites. Here, we report reference-grade genomes of Z. armatum and Z. bungeanum. Using high coverage sequence data and comprehensive assembly strategies, we derived 66 pseudochromosomes comprising 33 homologous phased groups of two subgenomes, including autotetraploid Z. armatum. The genomic rearrangements and two whole-genome duplications created large (~4.5 Gb) complex genomes with a high ratio of repetitive sequences (>82%) and high chromosome number (2n = 4x = 132). Further analysis of the high-quality genomes shed lights on the genomic basis of involutional reproduction, allomones biosynthesis and adaptive evolution in Chinese pepper, revealing a high consistent relationship between genomic evolution, environmental factors and phenotypic innovation. Our study provides genomic resources and new insights for investigating diversification and phenotypic innovation in Chinese pepper, with broader implications for the protection of plants under severe environmental changes.     

TaTPP-7A positively feedback regulates grain filling and wheat grain yield through T6P-SnRK1 signalling pathway and sugar–ABA interaction

Grain size and filling are two key determinants of grain thousand-kernel weight (TKW) and crop yield, therefore they have undergone strong selection since cereal was domesticated. Genetic dissection of the two traits will improve yield potential in crops. A quantitative trait locus significantly associated with wheat grain TKW was detected on chromosome 7AS flanked by a simple sequence repeat marker of Wmc17 in Chinese wheat 262 mini-core collection by genome-wide association study. Combined with the bulked segregant RNA-sequencing (BSR-seq) analysis of an F₂ genetic segregation population with extremely different TKW traits, a candidate trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase gene located at 135.0 Mb (CS V1.0), designated as TaTPP-7A, was identified. This gene was specifically expressed in developing grains and strongly influenced grain filling and size. Overexpression (OE) of TaTPP-7A in wheat enhanced grain TKW and wheat yield greatly. Detailed analysis revealed that OE of TaTPP-7A significantly increased the expression levels of starch synthesis- and senescence-related genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene pathways. Moreover, most of the sucrose metabolism and starch regulation-related genes were potentially regulated by SnRK1. In addition, TaTPP-7A is a crucial domestication- and breeding-targeted gene and it feedback regulates sucrose lysis, flux, and utilization in the grain endosperm mainly through the T6P-SnRK1 pathway and sugar–ABA interaction. Thus, we confirmed the T6P signalling pathway as the central regulatory system for sucrose allocation and source–sink interactions in wheat grains and propose that the trehalose pathway components have great potential to increase yields in cereal crops.     

烟草耐盐愈伤组织变异体对盐渍的适应性

用组织培养及逐步增加,NaCl浓度的方法,筛选出烟草耐盐愈伤组织变异体。能耐盐(2％ NaCl)的愈伤组织在2％ NaCl中继代29次,再移入无盐培养基中培养11和20代后不能保持提高的耐盐性,分别退化到只耐1.5％与1.0％ NaCl的水平。耐2％ NaCl愈伤组织产生的再生植株自交后代,其萌发种子、幼苗及成长植株均未能表现出耐盐性,说明用选择胁迫方法所筛选出的耐盐细胞系,其耐盐性的提高属于生理适应性。     

IL-33-ST2 pathway regulates AECII transdifferentiation by targeting alveolar macrophage in a bronchopulmonary dysplasia mouse model

Evidence points to the indispensable function of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in normal lung development and tissue homeostasis. However, the importance of AMs in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has not been elucidated. Here, we identified a significant role of abnormal AM proliferation and polarization in alveolar dysplasia during BPD, which is closely related to the activation of the IL-33-ST2 pathway. Compared with the control BPD group, AMs depletion partially abolished the epithelialmesenchymal transition process of AECII and alleviated pulmonary differentiation arrest. In addition, IL-33 or ST2 knockdown has protective effects against lung injury after hyperoxia, which is associated with reduced AM polarization and proliferation. The protective effect disappeared following reconstitution of AMs in injured IL-33 knockdown mice, and the differentiation of lung epithelium was blocked again. In conclusion, the IL-33-ST2 pathway regulates AECII transdifferentiation by targeting AMs proliferation and polarization in BPD, which shows a novel strategy for manipulating the IL-33–ST2-AMs axis for the diagnosis and intervention of BPD.