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91.
Lu WJ Yang Q Sun W Woods SC D'Alessio D Tso P 《American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology》2008,294(5):G1130-G1138
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an important incretin produced in the K cells of the intestine and secreted into the circulating blood following ingestion of carbohydrate- and fat-containing meals. GIP contributes to the regulation of postprandial insulin secretion and is essential for normal glucose tolerance. We have established a method of assaying GIP in response to nutrients using the intestinal lymph fistula model. Administration of Ensure, a mixed-nutrient liquid meal, stimulated a significant increase in intestinal lymphatic GIP levels that were approximately threefold those of portal plasma. Following the meal, lymph GIP peaked at 60 min (P < 0.001) and remained elevated for 4 h. Intraduodenal infusions of isocaloric and isovolumetric lipid emulsions or glucose polymer induced lymph GIP concentrations that were four and seven times the basal levels, respectively. The combination of glucose plus lipid caused an even greater increase of lymph GIP than either nutrient alone. In summary, these findings demonstrated that intestinal lymph contains high concentrations of GIP that respond to both enteral carbohydrate and fat absorption. The change in lymphatic GIP concentration is greater than the change observed in the portal blood. These studies allow the detection of GIP levels at which they exert their local physiological actions. The combination of glucose and lipid has a potentiating effect in the stimulation of GIP secretion. We conclude from these studies that the lymph fistula rat is a novel approach to study in vivo GIP secretion in response to nutrient feeding in conscious rats. 相似文献
92.
目的:探讨波生坦治疗特发性肺动脉高压(IPAH)的疗效与安全性。方法:16例IPAH患者予波生坦口服治疗20周,比较治疗前后患者心功能、6分钟步行距离(6MWD)、肺动脉压力以及血常规、肝肾功能变化。结果:患者心功能由治疗前Ⅲ级13例、Ⅳ级3例变为Ⅱ级14例、Ⅲ级2例。6MWD较治疗前明显延长(P<0.01),肺动脉收缩压、肺动脉平均压及肺动脉舒张压均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.01),患者血常规、肝肾功能较治疗前无明显变化。结论:口服波生坦治疗IPAH可明显改善患者的临床症状与血流动力学指标,安全性好。 相似文献
93.
Dan‐Ju Luo Qiong Feng Zhi‐Hao Wang Dong‐Sheng Sun Qun Wang Jian‐Zhi Wang Gong‐Ping Liu 《Journal of neurochemistry》2014,130(6):816-825
Phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator (PTPA) is decreased in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the AD transgenic mouse models. Here, we investigated whether down‐regulation of PTPA affects cell viability and the underlying mechanisms. We found that PTPA was located in the integral membrane of mitochondria, and knockdown of PTPA induced cell apoptosis in HEK293 and N2a cell lines. PTPA knockdown decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and induced Bax translocation into the mitochondria with a simultaneous release of Cyt C, activation of caspase‐3, cleavage of poly (DNA ribose) polymerase (PARP), and decrease in Bcl‐xl and Bcl‐2 protein levels. Over‐expression of Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) catalytic subunit (PP2AC) did not rescue the apoptosis induced by PTPA knockdown, and PTPA knockdown did not affect the level of and their phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), indicating that PP2A and MAPKs were not involved in the apoptosis induced by PTPA knockdown. In the cells with over‐expression of tau, PTPA knockdown induced PP2A inhibition and tau hyperphosphorylation but did not cause significant cell death. These data suggest that PTPA deficit causes apoptotic cell death through mitochondrial pathway and simultaneous tau hyperphosphorylation attenuates the PTPA‐induced cell death.
94.
Caenorhabditis elegans is a simple genetic organism amenable to large-scale forward and reverse genetic screens and chemical genetic screens. The C. elegans genome includes potential antipsychotic drug (APD) targets conserved in humans, including genes encoding proteins required for neurotransmitter synthesis and for synaptic structure and function. APD exposure produces developmental delay and/or lethality in nematodes in a concentration-dependent manner. These phenotypes are caused, in part, by APD-induced inhibition of pharyngeal pumping1,2. Thus, the developmental phenotype has a neuromuscular basis, making it useful for pharmacogenetic studies of neuroleptics. Here we demonstrate detailed procedures for testing APD effects on nematode development and pharyngeal pumping. For the developmental assay, synchronized embryos are placed on nematode growth medium (NGM) plates containing APDs, and the stages of developing animals are then scored daily. For the pharyngeal pumping rate assay, staged young adult animals are tested on NGM plates containing APDs. The number of pharyngeal pumps per unit time is recorded, and the pumping rate is calculated. These assays can be used for studying many other types of small molecules or even large molecules. 相似文献
95.
利用RT-PCR技术对我国广州地区急性性戊型肝炎病毒细胞培养分离株G93-1、G93-2、G93-3和G93-4基因组聚合酶区部分核苷序列进行检测,PCR阳性产物经纯化、克隆后测定。结果G93-1、G93-3和G93-4株病毒的这段序列完全相同,且与我国新疆暴发流行的HEV87A株及HEV代表株的同源性为100%;而G93-2株与它们的差异较大,同源性只有79.9%;但是,它与1997年厦门地区急 相似文献
96.
97.
Late-acting self-incompatibility in tea plant (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Camellia sinensis</Emphasis>)
The self-incompatibility of tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) was studied with the methods of aniline blue fluorescence assay and paraffin sections. The characteristics
of pollen tube elongation after hand pollination was analyzed in 4 tea cultivars, including ‘Keemenzhong’, ‘Longjing-changye’,
‘Fuding-dabaicha’ and ‘Yabukita’, under self-pollination and cross-pollination, respectively. Although there were some difference
among cultivars, pollen tubes elongated through the style and reach the ovary successfully at 48 h after pollination for both
cross- and self-pollen tubes in all the four cultivars of tea. Pollen tubes entered into the ovule micropyles, however, only
for cross-pollination, but not for self-pollination. Pollen tubes of selfing plants, failed in fertilizing, seemed have some
difficulties to enter the ovule. All of which indicated that the self-incompatibility of tea plant is a late-acting self-incompatibility
system (LSI) or an ovarian sterility (OS), in which the self incompatibility was due to none self pollen tube penetrating
into the ovule and no fertilization. 相似文献
98.
Understanding the root molecular and genetic causes driving complex traits is a fundamental challenge in genomics and genetics. Numerous studies have used variation in gene expression to understand complex traits, but the underlying genomic variation that contributes to these expression changes is not well understood. In this study, we developed a framework to integrate gene expression and genotype data to identify biological differences between samples from opposing complex trait classes that are driven by expression changes and genotypic variation. This framework utilizes pathway analysis and multi-task learning to build a predictive model and discover pathways relevant to the complex trait of interest. We simulated expression and genotype data to test the predictive ability of our framework and to measure how well it uncovered pathways with genes both differentially expressed and genetically associated with a complex trait. We found that the predictive performance of the multi-task model was comparable to other similar methods. Also, methods like multi-task learning that considered enrichment analysis scores from both data sets found pathways with both genetic and expression differences related to the phenotype. We used our framework to analyze differences between estrogen receptor (ER) positive and negative breast cancer samples. An analysis of the top 15 gene sets from the multi-task model showed they were all related to estrogen, steroids, cell signaling, or the cell cycle. Although our study suggests that multi-task learning does not enhance predictive accuracy, the models generated by our framework do provide valuable biological pathway knowledge for complex traits. 相似文献
99.
Wen-Jie Mu Wen-Jing Zhong Ji-Yi Yao Lu-Jing Li Yu-lan Peng Yi Wang Li-sha Liu Ying Xiao Shou-jun Liu Chang-jun Wu Yu-xin Jiang Shyam Sundar Parajuly Ping Xu Yi Hao Jing Li Bao-Ming Luo Hui Zhi 《PloS one》2016,11(2)
Background
This study aimed to confirm whether strain ratio should be added after evaluation of lesions with 5-point elasticity scoring for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions on ultrasonographic elastography(UE).Materials and Methods
From June 2010 to March 2012, 1080 consecutive female patients with breast lesions were recruited into a multicenter retrospective study, which involved 8 centers across China. Each institutional ethic review board approved the study, and all the patients gave written informed consent. All the patients underwent the UE procedure and the strain ratios were calculated and the final diagnosis was made by histological findings. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV were calculated for each of the two evaluation systems and the areas under the ROC curve were compared.Results
The strain ratios of benign lesions (mean, 2.6±2.0) and malignant lesions (mean,7.9±5.8) were significantly different (p <0.01). When the cutoff point was 3.01, strain ratio method had 79.8% sensitivity, 82.8% specificity, and 81.3% accuracy, while the 5-point scoring method had 93.1% sensitivity, 73.0% specificity, and 76.8% accuracy. The areas under the ROC curve with the strain ratio method and 5-point scoring method were 0.863 and 0.865, respectively(p>0.05). The strain ratio method shows better a diagnosis performance of the lesions with elasticity score 3 and 4.Conclusions
Although the two UE methods have similar diagnostic performance, separate calculation of the strain ratios seems compulsory, especially for the large solid breast lesions and the lesions with elasticity score 3 and 4. 相似文献100.
Resveratrol (trans-3,4,5’ –trihydroxystilbene) is an active compound in food, such as red grapes, peanuts, and berries. Resveratrol exhibits an anticancer effect on various human cancer cells. However, the mechanism of resveratrol-induced anti-cancer effect at the molecular level remains to be elucidated. In this study, the mechanism underlying the anti-cancer effect of resveratrol in human ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3 and Caov-3) was investigated using various molecular biology techniques, such as flow cytometry, western blotting, and RNA interference, with a major focus on the potential role of autophagy in resveratrol-induced apoptotic cell death. We demonstrated that resveratrol induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which triggers autophagy and subsequent apoptotic cell death. Resveratrol induced ATG5 expression and promoted LC3 cleavage. The apoptotic cell death induced by resveratrol was attenuated by both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of autophagy. The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, which functions at the late stage of autophagy, significantly reduced resveratrol-induced cell death and caspase 3 activity in human ovarian cancer cells. We also demonstrated that targeting ATG5 by siRNA also suppressed resveratrol-induced apoptotic cell death. Thus, we concluded that a common pathway between autophagy and apoptosis exists in resveratrol-induced cell death in OVCAR-3 human ovarian cancer cells. 相似文献