基于多目标灰色局势决策的三峡库区防护林类型空间优化配置

基于2007年Landsat TM遥感影像和影响防护林的主导环境因子,对三峡库区的森林立地进行分类,并通过选取水源涵养量、生物量和林分生产力3个指标,利用多目标灰色局势决策模型对库区现有的针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林和灌木林4种防护林类型进行空间优化配置.结果表明： 2007年,三峡库区森林立地可划分为40种类型;空间配置优化后,研究区针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林和灌木林的面积比例分别为32.55%、29.43%、34.95%和3.07%.与优化前相比,优化后针叶林和灌木林的面积比例分别减少了8.79%和28.55%,阔叶林和针阔混交林分别增加了10.23%和27.11%.通过防护林类型的空间优化,三峡库区整体的水源涵养能力、生物量和林分生产力分别增加14.09×10⁸ m³、0.35×10⁸ t和1.08×10⁶ t.     

胆囊切除术医源性胆管损伤的处理

目的:探讨开腹胆囊切除术医源性胆道损伤的诊断、手术时机和手术方式的选择。方法:对18例胆道损伤进行分析总结:分别施行了胆管修补、T管引流术10例,保守治疗2例,Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合术6例。结果:3例术后过早拔管发生吻合口狭窄,再次手术。1例因梗阻性胆管炎并发肝功能衰竭、多器官功能衰竭死亡。1例因胆肠吻合术后并发消化道出血、肝昏迷死亡。余术后良好。结论:尽早发现及正确处理对提高疗效和预防术后胆管狭窄起着决定性的作用。术中发现胆管损伤立即行端端吻合加T管引流;术后数天发现或多次胆道修补术失败者,则宜行规范的Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合术。     

IL-15 regulates CD8+ T cell contraction during primary infection

During the course of acute infection with an intracellular pathogen, Ag-specific T cells proliferate in the expansion phase, and then most of the T cells die by apoptosis in the following contraction phase, but the few that survive become memory cells and persist for a long period of time. Although IL-15 is known to play an important role in long-term maintenance of memory CD8+ T cells, the potential roles of IL-15 in CD8+ T cell contraction are not known. Using an adoptive transfer system of OT-I cells expressing OVA257-264/Kb-specific TCR into control, IL-15 knockout (KO) and IL-15 transgenic (Tg) mice followed by challenge with recombinant Listeria monocytogenes expressing OVA, we found that the survival of CD44+CD62L-CD127- effector OT-I cells during the contraction phase is critically dependent on IL-15. In correlation with the expression level of Bcl-2 in OT-I cells, the number of OT-I cells was markedly reduced in IL-15 KO mice but remained at a high level in IL-15 Tg mice during the contraction phase, compared with control mice. In vivo administration of rIL-15 during the contraction phase in IL-15 KO mice inhibited the contraction of effector OT-I cells accompanied by up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, enforced expression of Bcl-2 protected the majority of effector OT-I cells from death in IL-15 KO mice after infection. These results suggest that IL-15 plays a critical role in protecting effector CD8+ T cells from apoptosis during the contraction phase following a microbial infection via inducing antiapoptotic molecules.     

血府逐瘀汤与赛庚碇治疗瘢痕成熟期瘙痒的比较研究

目的:比较血府逐瘀汤与赛庚啶治疗瘢痕成熟期瘙痒的效果.方法:将患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组口服血府逐瘫汤治疗瘢痕瘙痒,对照组口服赛庚碇,比较两组患者服药后的瘙痒评分及P物质浓度.结果:治疗组服药后的瘙痒评分及P物质浓度均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:血府逐瘀汤治疗瘢痕成熟期瘙痒的效果优于赛庚啶.     

A Tyrosine-based Motif Localizes a Drosophila Vesicular Transporter to Synaptic Vesicles in Vivo

Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters must localize to synaptic vesicles (SVs) to allow regulated neurotransmitter release at the synapse. However, the signals required to localize vesicular proteins to SVs in vivo remain unclear. To address this question we have tested the effects of mutating proposed trafficking domains in Drosophila orthologs of the vesicular monoamine and glutamate transporters, DVMAT-A and DVGLUT. We show that a tyrosine-based motif (YXXY) is important both for DVMAT-A internalization from the cell surface in vitro, and localization to SVs in vivo. In contrast, DVGLUT deletion mutants that lack a putative C-terminal trafficking domain show more modest defects in both internalization in vitro and trafficking to SVs in vivo. Our data show for the first time that mutation of a specific trafficking motif can disrupt localization to SVs in vivo and suggest possible differences in the sorting of VMATs versus VGLUTs to SVs at the synapse.     

版纳省藤的组织培养

以版纳省藤的萌蘖芽为试材,从取材、材料的处理、外植体的诱导分化、芽的增殖、生根以及影响试管苗形成几个重要因素等方面探讨了版纳省藤组织培养和快速繁殖的技术和方法,获得了生长素与细胞分裂素对芽的诱导分化及芽的增殖最佳配比浓度。以改良MS为基本培养基,在增殖培养基中添加0.5mg·L-1NAA、0.5mg·L-1KT和0.1mg·L-1BA,产生的有效苗最多;在生根培养基中添加1.5～2.0mg·L-1IBA生长素有利于版纳省藤组培苗生根。     

amiRNA分子设计及其离体合成策略

详细介绍了基于WMD3 (Web MicroRNA Designer 3) 软件平台的amiRNA (artificial microRNA)分子自动设计方法及其离体合成策略。应用网络在线设计时,只需输入目的基因靶序列相关信息后便可获得候选amiRNA。根据选定的最佳amiRNA,可得到四条含有amiRNA以及载体中miRNA 两侧序列的寡聚核苷酸序列。重叠延伸PCR合成策略可以以这四条序列以及根据质粒模板设计的A、B两段序列作为引物,扩增出目标amiRNA。同样尿嘧啶切除的策略也可合成amiRNA,但这些引物序列需做适当调整变动。此外,本文还介绍了基于特异引物退火的amiRNA合成策略,该策略可保证amiRNA分子能够一步PCR合成,合成后的amiRNA表达盒可通过合适的限制性位点被克隆至目的载体中的相应位点。可以预见,这种amiRNA分子设计的科学性与合成策略的精确性将会使amiRNAi技术在生物基因功能分析中发挥更加重要的作用,对生命科学研究产生深远的影响。     

城市土壤封闭对有机碳库影响的时空变化模拟

随着全球城市化的迅速发展,城市生态系统的研究日益受到关注。城市化过程引发的大面积土壤封闭,导致土壤功能退化,进而影响城市生态系统。通过构建城市封闭土壤碳循环模型,考虑土壤温度,水分,有效氮含量以及各项理化性质等影响土壤有机碳在封闭条件下分解的影响因素,模拟南京市1980年至2010年城市封闭土壤有机碳含量与土壤有机碳库的时空变化过程,揭示人工封闭对于城市土壤功能的影响。结果表明:南京市1980年至2010年封闭土壤的有机碳含量显著减少,2010年土壤有机碳含量的均值为6.7 g/kg,比开放土壤低54.7%。土壤有机碳含量较低的区域主要分布在快速城市化的地区。由于封闭土壤阻碍了土壤有机碳的来源,造成封闭土壤有机碳含量持续减少,1980年至2010年间城市土壤有机碳库的总量减少约0.32 Tg。城市封闭对土壤有机碳影响的时空变化模拟可为研究城市化过程中的生态环境效应与城市生态建设提供参考。     

No association between the vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms and bone biomarkers response to calcium and low dose calcitriol supplementation in postmenopausal Chinese women: a one-year prospective study

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of the study was to explore the association between the vitamin D pathway gene variations and the bone biomarkers response to calcium and low dose calcitriol supplementation in postmenopausal Chinese women.

Methods: A total of 110 healthy postmenopausal Chinese women (61.51?±?6.93?years) were enrolled. The participants were supplemented with calcium (600?mg/d) and calcitriol (0.25?μg/d), for 1?year. Four biomarkers, serum levels of beta C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen (β-CTX), amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Multivariate regression models were established to explore the statistical association between the change rate of the four biomarkers and 15?key genes within the vitamin D metabolic pathway.

Results: This exclusion process left 98 participants for analysis. Serum levels of P1NP, β-CTX and PTH were significantly decreased at the 12-month follow-up (all p?<?0.05). Serum 25(OH)D level had no significant change (p?>?0.05). No association was found between the vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms and bone biomarkers response to calcium and low dose calcitriol supplementation.

Conclusions: Genetic background of postmenopausal Chinese women might not influence supplemental response of the biomarkers to calcium and low dose calcitriol.