EXTRACTION,ASSAY AND SOME PROPERTIES OF FLORIDOSIDE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE FROM PORPHYRA PERFORATA (RHODOPHYTA)1

A suitable method for extraction of floridoside phosphate synthase (FPS, UDP-galactose: sn-3-glycerol phosphate: 1→2′α-D-galactosyl transferase)from Porphyra perforata J. Ag. was developed. Two assay methods for enzyme activity were utilized, one measuring the amount of floridoside formed by using gas-liquid chromatography, the other measuring the sn-3-glycerol phosphate-dependent formation of UDP; both assays gave similar results. FPS is a soluble protein, and FPS activity in the extract as determined by the amount of product formed in vitro compared well with the in vivo rate of floridoside synthesis (4–7 μMmol product formed·h^?1·g^?1 fresh wt). The rate of product formation in vitro was linear up to 45 min and proportional to protein concentration in the assay mixture. The temperature optimum was 30–35° C. FPS was active over a range of pH values from 7.0–8.5. It was stable in concentrated solutions in the presence of 0.3 M ammonium sulfate, but activity was lost in diluted solution (protein concentration below 0.2 mg·mL^?1) or below 0.2 M ion strength. The data suggest that FPS may be an oligomeric protein which occurs free in the cytoplasm or loosely bound to a membrane. It may also be a regulatory protein controlling the overall rate of synthesis of floridoside in vivo.     

参与细胞增殖调控的多功能分子p21

p21是近年来发现的一类调控细胞增殖的小分子,是依赖周期素的CDK抑制因子.这些蛋白因子可结合cyclin－CDK并抑制其激酶活性从而调节细胞周期p15、p16、p27均属该类分子,他们在G₁期限制点及G₁／S检查点调控中发挥作用．进一步的研究表明,p21为p53调控,在p53介导的DNA损伤诱发的细胞周期阻断中发挥作用p21在老化细胞中高表达、细胞分化的同时表达,表明其在细胞增殖、分化及老化中发挥调节作用．     

离子导入法和渗透促进剂并用对裸鼠皮肤角质层影响的ESR研究

通过测定５－唑烷氮氧自由基硬脂酸（５－ＤＳＡ）标记裸鼠皮肤角质层的ＥＳＲ谱,研究离子导入法与渗透促进剂１００％月桂氮酮（１００％ＡＺ）、５％月桂氨　酮／丙二醇溶液（５％　ＡＺ／ＰＧ）和１０％油酸／丙二醇溶液（１０％ＯＡ／ＰＧ）并用对裸鼠皮肤角质层的影响。离子导入法处理皮肤后,标记物序参数降低,各向同性超精细分裂偶合常数增大,表明低密度电流能够引起皮肤角质层细胞间脂质排列有序性降低,流动性增大,极性增大;离子导入法与渗透促进剂并用处理皮肤后,序参数进一步降低,各向同性超精细分裂偶合常数进一步增大,表明二者对皮肤角质层的影响具有协同作用。     

异色瓢虫若虫对麦三叉蚜的捕食作用

研究表明,异色瓢虫高龄若虫捕食麦二叉蚜的功能反应为ＨｏｌｌｉｎｇⅡ型反应,喜好捕食低龄若蚜;在４０℃下捕食率最低,１０℃次之,２５℃最高．在１０～２５℃内捕食率ｙ与温度ｘ的关系为ｙ＝２８．１３０３＋２．６６６５ｘ,在２５～４０℃内为ｙ＝１９９．９２７５－３．６４２ｘ;在种内干扰条件下,其捕食作用率Ｅ与开敌密度Ｐ的关系为Ｅ＝０．６８９７Ｐ－０．７９３０,搜索常数Ｑ为０．６８９７,干扰系数ｍ为０．７９３０;其分摊竞争强度Ｉ与异色瓢虫密度Ｐ的关系为Ｉ＝０．０４００＋１．０３８３ｌｏｇＰ．     

内蒙古草原退化群落恢复演替的研究II. 恢复演替时间进程的分析

 根据内蒙古典型草原地带的羊草+大针茅草原退化变型一冷蒿群落封育12年(1983—1994)的动态监测数据进行分析,对群落恢复演替轨迹取得以下认识： 1．依据群落优势种的更替及主分量分析结果可将恢复演替过程划分为冷蒿优势阶段、冷蒿+冰草阶段、冰草优势阶段、羊草优势阶段。 2;退化草原群落在恢复演替过程中,群落生产力的变化表现出阶梯式跃变和亚稳态阶面相间的特点。第一次跃变发生在1984年,上升到第二个阶面,第二次跃变发生在1990年,进入了第三个阶面,已接近于原生群落的生产力。 3．群落生产力与水资源量的关系因恢复演替阶段不同而异。第一亚稳态时期,群落地上现存生物量大体处于166g·m-2的水平上,生长季降水量达176mm以上时,增加降水对群落生产力的提高不发生显著影响。第二亚稳态时期,群落生物量与降水量之间的相关性显著。可推算出群落于物质生产用水量介于1.1～1.6mm·g-1之间。此值在1.1mm·g-1时,群落对水资源的利用效率最高,而在1.6mm·g-1时群落生物量达到最大值。 4．在恢复演替进程中,群落密度的位点常数约为271.5株·m-2,循此常数上下波动,表现出拥挤与稀疏交替发生的过程,构成了恢复演替的节奏性变化。群落生物量的跃变与亚稳态的形成,以及群落密度的拥挤与稀疏交替作用是群落恢复演替的内在机制。恢复演替的速度,到第10年发生了1.78个半变的生态距离。5．草原退化群落恢复演替过程中,按照其节奏性及生产力跃变与亚稳态的规律,调控放牧利用强度或采取技术措施,调节群落拥挤和稀疏的交替过程可加速恢复演替进程。     

Assessing post-induction cellular response in a recombinant E. coli lactose-inducible system by monitoring β-galactosidase levels

Summary A synthetic lactose-inducible promoter was chosen to study host cell responses to the over-expression of heterologous genes. Fermentations were conducted to compare the effect of induction strategies on the synthesis of -galactosidase versus the production of recombinant protein. The levels of lactose, IPTG and glucose during induction were manipulated to adjust the utilization of lactose as the inducer and/or the carbon source. In addition, the involvement of the gal operon in lactose metabolism was also explored in order to optimize lactose transport and utilization during induction.     

Structural basis for the RNA binding selectivity of oligonucleotide analogues containing alkylsulfide internucleoside linkages and 2'-substituted 3'-deoxyribonucleosides.

In this report we describe the synthesis of oligonucleotides containing sulfide-linked dinucleoside units, namely rT(2'OH)sdT, rT(2'OMe)sdT, dTsrU(2'OMe) and dT(2'OMe)srU(2'OMe). We also describe the interactions of such oligomers with complementary DNA and RNA targets, and provide the structural basis for their remarkable RNA binding selectivity. In all cases, the Tm values of the S/P-chimera duplexes were lower than those of the corresponding unmodified duplexes. We attribute this to steric interactions between the 5'sulfur and the atoms of the nearby base/sugar residues. The 2'-substituents (i.e., 2'OH or 2'OMe) vicinal to the alkylsulfide internucleoside linkage significantly perturb the structure and stability of the duplexes formed with DNA, and more so than with RNA. The introduction of three rT(2'OH)sdTp (or rT(2'OMe)sdTp) units into an oligodeoxynucleotide sequence was sufficient to abolish binding to complementary DNA but not RNA. The same three substitutions with dTsrU(2'OMe)p and dT(2'OMe)srU(2'OMe)p did not abolish binding to DNA but the resulting complexes had poor thermal stability. The RNA-binding 'selectivity' exhibited by these oligomers is attributed to the tendency of the 2'-substituted (branched) furanoses to adopt the C3'-endo pucker, a conformation that is inconsistent with the B-form structure of helical DNA. The preference of these sugars to exist often exclusively in the C3'-endo form is attributed to stereoelectronic effects, namely gauche and anomeric effects. Our findings support the hypothesis that nucleoside analogues puckered exclusively in the C3'-endo form may result in them being especially good binders of targeted mRNA [S.H. Kawai (1991), Ph.D. Thesis, McGill University; Kawasaki et al. (1993) J. Med. Chem. 36, 831-841].     

秦艽体细胞胚不同发育阶段几种同工酶的特性

以秦艽（ＧｅｎｔｉａｎａｃｒａｓｓｉｃａｕｌｉｓＤｕｔｈｉｅｅｘＢｕｒｋｉｌｌ）无菌苗幼嫩茎叶为外植体,在ＭＳ培养基上诱导出胚性愈伤组织及体细胞胚。本文比较了秦荒体细胞胚发育过程中几种酶的活性及同工酶变化。过氧化物酶与细胞色素氧化酶均在球形胚阶段出现一活性高峰;酯酶同工酶在体细胞胚发育过程中伴有特征带Ｅ＿２、Ｅ＿６的出现;酸性磷酸酯酶的活性与体细胞胚发育程度呈正相关。所以认为只要综合运用这几种同工酶的实验数据,就可以灵敏检测体细胞胚的发育进程。