溶藻弧菌群体基因组学研究

溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)是一种能够对人类以及鱼、虾、贝类等水产品致病的弧菌,给人类健康带来威胁,也给水产养殖业造成巨大的经济损失.目前该物种基于全基因组的遗传多样性和重要遗传元件研究报道较少.本研究对采集自全国4个省份的68株溶藻弧菌进行高通量测序,获得全基因组序列,并结合113株公开发表的...     

Development of a fluorescent probe hydrolysis-insulated isothermal PCR for rapid and sensitive on-site detection of African swine fever virus

Highlights
1. A probe-based insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR) assay was developed for rapid and onsite detection of ASFV.
2. The developed iiPCR showed similar sensitivity and specificity with OIE recommended real-time PCR.
3. Blood samples could be directly applied as PCR template in iiPCR without DNA extraction.     

干酪乳杆菌L-乳酸脱氢酶在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及酶学性质

L-乳酸脱氢酶(L-lactate dehydrogenase,L-LDH)是发酵生产L-乳酸中催化丙酮酸转化成L-乳酸的关键酶。以干酪乳杆菌G-02(Lactobacillus casei G-02)基因组DNA为模板,克隆得到L-LDH基因(ldhL),经序列分析后将其连接到表达载体pET-28a(+)上,构建成重组质粒pET-ldhL转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,实现ldhL基因的表达。30°C加入IPTG诱导表达后,经镍柱亲和层析纯化的重组蛋白样品通过SDS-PAGE分析,约在40 kD处出现显著的特异性条带。对表达的L-LDH生物学特异性研究显示:重组L-LDH的比酶活为1 722 U/mg,最适反应温度为40°C-45°C;果糖-1,6-二磷酸(FBP)为别构激活剂,使最适pH向中性方向偏移(pH为6.6-6.8),Mn2+可拓宽最适酶活pH范围;Mn2+、Ca2+和Mg2+对L-LDH有激活作用,而Zn2+对L-LDH有抑制作用。     

Characterization and expression of the plasmid-borne bedD gene from Pseudomonas putida ML2, which codes for a NAD+-dependent cis-benzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase.

The catabolic plasmid pHMT112 in Pseudomonas putida ML2 contains the bed gene cluster encoding benzene dioxygenase (bedC1C2BA) and a NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase (bedD) required to convert benzene into catechol. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence upstream of the benzene dioxygenase gene cluster (bedC1C2BA) revealed a 1,098-bp open reading frame (bedD) flanked by two 42-bp direct repeats, each containing a 14-bp sequence identical to the inverted repeat of IS26. In vitro translation analysis showed bedD to code for a polypeptide of ca. 39 kDa. Both the nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequences show significant identity to sequences of glycerol dehydrogenases from Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Bacillus stearothermophilus. A bedD mutant of P. putida ML2 in which the gene was disrupted by a kanamycin resistance cassette was unable to utilize benzene for growth. The bedD gene product was found to complement the todD mutation in P. putida 39/D, the latter defective in the analogous cis-toluene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase. The dehydrogenase encoded by bedD) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. It was found to utilize NAD+ as an electron acceptor and exhibited higher substrate specificity for cis-benzene dihydrodiol and 1,2-propanediol compared with glycerol. Such a medium-chain dehydrogenase is the first to be reported for a Pseudomonas species, and its association with an aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase is unique among bacterial species capable of metabolizing aromatic hydrocarbons.     

铝对水稻幼苗的生理影响

以水稻幼苗为材料研究了铝的植物毒性。将不同浓度的 AlCl 加入培养液,对幼苗处理30天。10ppm 以上的铝明显抑制水稻幼苗根和地上部分的生长。5.0ppm 以上铝可引起毒害症状。铝对根的毒害作用大于对地上部分的作用。铝主要积累在根部,少部分转移到地上部分。5.0ppm 以上的铝对叶绿体 Hill 反应和光合磷酸化作用以及根线粒体呼吸和氧化磷酸化作用均有较明显抑制作用。钙对铝的此种抑制作用有一定拮抗作用。     

重组蛋白质纯化技术

90年代以来 ,基因重组技术得到很大的发展 ,基因工程产品的分离纯化的成本约占其全部成本的 6 0 %～ 80 %,因此重组蛋白的分离纯化技术越来越重要。着重介绍了扩张柱床吸附层析技术 ,径向膜层析技术 ,灌注层析技术 ,液液萃取技术 ,置换层析技术和金属螯合亲和层析技术近年来进展情况以及它们的优缺点和应用范围。     

甲壳素脱乙酰酶的研究概况及展望

甲壳素脱乙酰酶(chitin deacetylase,CDA,E.C.3.5.1.41)是一种能催化脱去甲壳素分子中N-乙酰葡糖胺链上的乙酰基,使之变成壳聚糖的酶。而壳聚糖因其独特的性质被广泛应用于医药、食品、化工、化妆品等行业。对CDA的来源、分离纯化和酶学性质、结构和催化机制、基因的克隆表达及应用前景等方面的研究进行了综述,并分析出今后的主要研究方向应在CDA基因的克隆表达、CDA底物的改造及CDA的结构和催化机制等方面。     

竹红菌素产生菌的筛选与鉴定

通过多点采集、反复筛选,从野生竹黄子实体中筛选出1株产北醌类光敏色素的真菌。通过对菌株的个体形态特征、菌落形态特征进行观察,结合其显微结构特征最终鉴定为竹黄菌（Shiraia bambuscola)。     

多不饱和脂肪酸合成途径研究进展

多不饱和脂肪酸在大多数生物体膜生物学和信号传递过程中起着至关重要的作用。最近研究发现,一些深海生物合成多不饱和脂肪酸并非由饱和脂肪酸的延长及脱饱和反应,而是由聚酮合酶途径(polyketide synthase,PKS)直接合成。介绍多不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成并总结近年来聚酮合酶这一新途径及其分子机制的研究进展。