燕麦-绿豆间作效应及氮素转移特性

为探究燕麦(Avena sativa)-绿豆(Phaseolus radiatus)间作效应及氮素转移特性, 在不施氮肥的大田试验条件下, 设置3种种植模式(燕麦单作、绿豆单作和燕麦-绿豆间作), 采用传统挖根法和¹⁵N同位素标记法进行研究。结果表明, 间作系统中燕麦侵袭力强于绿豆, 绿豆生长受到抑制。整个生育期, 间作燕麦地上部干物质积累量比单作增加14.9%-33.1%, 2年成熟期间作燕麦的氮素积累量比单作分别提高53.1%和44.8%; 间作减少了开花结荚期绿豆氮素积累量和根瘤重量, 降低了绿豆的固氮效率, 绿豆的固氮效率2年平均降低23.7%, 生物固氮量平均减少11.66%。间作绿豆向燕麦的氮素转移率2年平均值达31.7%, 氮素转移量为212.16 kg∙hm^-2。燕麦-绿豆间作降低了开花结荚期绿豆的根瘤固氮酶活性和固氮效率, 但绿豆体内氮素转移增加了燕麦对氮素的吸收利用, 实现了地上部与地下部生长的相互调节和促进, 优化了农田生态系统的氮素管理。     

离子导入法和渗透促进剂并用对裸鼠皮肤角质层影响的ESR研究

通过测定５－唑烷氮氧自由基硬脂酸（５－ＤＳＡ）标记裸鼠皮肤角质层的ＥＳＲ谱,研究离子导入法与渗透促进剂１００％月桂氮酮（１００％ＡＺ）、５％月桂氨　酮／丙二醇溶液（５％　ＡＺ／ＰＧ）和１０％油酸／丙二醇溶液（１０％ＯＡ／ＰＧ）并用对裸鼠皮肤角质层的影响。离子导入法处理皮肤后,标记物序参数降低,各向同性超精细分裂偶合常数增大,表明低密度电流能够引起皮肤角质层细胞间脂质排列有序性降低,流动性增大,极性增大;离子导入法与渗透促进剂并用处理皮肤后,序参数进一步降低,各向同性超精细分裂偶合常数进一步增大,表明二者对皮肤角质层的影响具有协同作用。     

内蒙古草原退化群落恢复演替的研究II. 恢复演替时间进程的分析

 根据内蒙古典型草原地带的羊草+大针茅草原退化变型一冷蒿群落封育12年(1983—1994)的动态监测数据进行分析,对群落恢复演替轨迹取得以下认识： 1．依据群落优势种的更替及主分量分析结果可将恢复演替过程划分为冷蒿优势阶段、冷蒿+冰草阶段、冰草优势阶段、羊草优势阶段。 2;退化草原群落在恢复演替过程中,群落生产力的变化表现出阶梯式跃变和亚稳态阶面相间的特点。第一次跃变发生在1984年,上升到第二个阶面,第二次跃变发生在1990年,进入了第三个阶面,已接近于原生群落的生产力。 3．群落生产力与水资源量的关系因恢复演替阶段不同而异。第一亚稳态时期,群落地上现存生物量大体处于166g·m-2的水平上,生长季降水量达176mm以上时,增加降水对群落生产力的提高不发生显著影响。第二亚稳态时期,群落生物量与降水量之间的相关性显著。可推算出群落于物质生产用水量介于1.1～1.6mm·g-1之间。此值在1.1mm·g-1时,群落对水资源的利用效率最高,而在1.6mm·g-1时群落生物量达到最大值。 4．在恢复演替进程中,群落密度的位点常数约为271.5株·m-2,循此常数上下波动,表现出拥挤与稀疏交替发生的过程,构成了恢复演替的节奏性变化。群落生物量的跃变与亚稳态的形成,以及群落密度的拥挤与稀疏交替作用是群落恢复演替的内在机制。恢复演替的速度,到第10年发生了1.78个半变的生态距离。5．草原退化群落恢复演替过程中,按照其节奏性及生产力跃变与亚稳态的规律,调控放牧利用强度或采取技术措施,调节群落拥挤和稀疏的交替过程可加速恢复演替进程。     

Determination of the NMR solution structure of a specific DNA complex of the Myb DNA-binding domain

Summary The solution structure of a specific DNA complex of the minimum DNA-binding domain of the mouse c-Myb protein was determined by distance geometry calculations using a set of 1732 nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) distance restraints. In order to determine the complex structure independent of the initial guess, we have developed two different procedures for the docking calculation using simulated annealing in four-dimensional space (4D-SA). One is a multiple-step procedure, where the protein and the DNA were first constructed independently by 4D-SA using only the individual intramolecular NOE distance restraints. Here, the initial structure of the protein was a random coil and that of the DNA was a typical B-form duplex. Then, as the starting structure for the next docking procedure, the converged protein and DNA structures were placed in random molecular orientations, separated by 50 Å. The two molecules were docked by 4D-SA utilizing all the restraints, including the additional 66 intermolecular distance restraints. The second procedure comprised a single step, in which a random-coil protein and a typical B-form DNA duplex were first placed 70 Å from each other. Then, using all the intramolecular and intermolecular NOE distance restraints, the complex structure was constructed by 4D-SA. Both procedures yielded the converged complex structures with similar quality and structural divergence, but the multiple-step procedure has much better convergence power than the single-step procedure. A model study of the two procedures was performed to confirm the structural quality, depending upon the number of intermolecular distance restraints, using the X-ray structure of the engrailed homeodomain-DNA complex.Abbreviations rmsd root-mean-square deviation - NOE nuclear Overhauser enhancement - 4D-SA simulated annealing in four-dimensional space - Myb-R2R3 repeats 2 and 3 of the DNA-binding domain of the c-Myb protein - DNA 16 Myb-specific binding DNA duplex with 16 base pairs - IHDD-C residues 3 to 59 of the C-chain of the engrailed homeodomain-DNA complex - DNA11 DNA duplex with base pairs 9 to 19 of the engrailed homeodomain-DNA complex     

小麦中期染色体银染蛋白的分析

对小麦中期染色体中银染蛋白的大小、形状和分布频率进行图像分析,看到：染色体顺的银染蛋白以颗粒状的形式存在,其大小不同,分布不均匀,数量差异也较大;从形状来看,大的银粒为点状,小的银粒有的为点状,有的实际为短纤维状,结果表明：染色体骨架在小麦中是真实存在的,骨架蛋白以颗粒和纤维状的形式分布于整个染色体中。     

Bilayer orientation of membrane-bound NH2 groups across microsomal vesicles and their role in the function of gastric K+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase

The transversal distribution of the free NH₂ groups associated with phosphatidyl ethanolamine and the intrinsic membrane proteins of the purified pig gastric microsomes was quantitated and their relations to the function of the gastric K⁺-stimulated ATPase was investigated. Three different chemical probes such as 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB), and 2-methoxy-2,4-diphenyl-3(2H)-furanone (MDPF) were used for the study. The structure-function relationship of the membrane NH₂ groups was studied after modification with the probes under various conditions and relating the inhibition of the K⁺-stimulated ATPase to the ATPase-dependent H⁺ accumulation by the gastric microsomal vesicles. TNBS (2 mm) inhibits nearly completely the K⁺-stimulated ATPase and the vesicular dye accumulation, both in presence and absence of valinomycin plus K⁺. Both the K⁺-ATPase and dye uptake were largely (about 50%) protected against TNBS inhibition if the treatment with TNBS was carried out in presence of 2 mm ATP. TNBS and FDNB labeled 70% of the total microsomal PE; the intra- and extravesicular orientation being 48 and 22%, respectively. The presence or absence of ATP did not have any effect on the TNBS labeling of microsomal PE. ATP, however, significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the labeling of protein-bound NH₂ groups of gastric microsomes by TNBS. The intra- and extravesicular orientation of the protein NH₂ groups were 60 and 40%, respectively. Eighteen percent of the total protein-NH₂ appeared to be associated with the K⁺-stimulated ATPase; the rest being associated with non-ATPase proteins of the microsomes. About half (50%) of the total free NH₂ groups of the K⁺-stimulated ATPase were exposed to the vesicle exterior and were found to play critical roles in gastric ATPase function. The generation of florescence after MDPF conjugation of gastric microsomes was largely (50%) inhibited by ATP. ATP also protected completely the MDPF inhibition of gastric K⁺-stimulated ATPase and dye uptake.     

HBsAg阴性母亲的新生儿接种不同剂量乙型肝炎血源疫苗的效果

HBsAg阴位母亲的新生儿,按0,1、6月程序分别接种10-10-10μg(1组)、20-10-10μg(2组)和30-10-10μg(3组)乙型肝炎血源疫苗。第一针后一年,检查抗-HBs阳转率,分别为87.60％,90.64％和88.97％,无统计学显著差异。3针10μg组免疫后l～4年抗-HBs阳性率分别为88.31％、81.08％、80.10％和78.39％,虽稍下降,但无统计学显著差异。3个剂量组HBsAg阳性率分别为0.71％,0.49％和0.74％,说明HBsAg阴性母亲的新生儿,用国产血源HBsAg疫苗免疫以10μ×3效果较理想。     

利用简便微量法定量检测肠道正常菌群

利用简便微量法定量检测肠道正常菌群中的双歧杆菌和肠杆菌,10次检测结果与常规法无显著性差异。简便微量法主要优点是简便易行,节省人力物力和时间。     

Structural and functional relationships of human DNA polymerases

A continuing theme of our laboraory, has been the understanding of human DNA polymerases at the structural level. We have purified DNA polymerases delta, epsilon and alpha from human placenta. Monoclonal antibodies to these polymerases were isolated and used as tools to study their immunochemical relationships. These studies have shown that while DNA polymerases delta, epsilon and alpha are discrete protiens, they must share common structural features by virtue of the ability of several of our monoclonal antibodies to exhibit cross-reactivity. A second approach we have taken is the molecular cloning of human DNA polymerase delta and epsilon. We have cloned the DNA polymerase delta cDNA, and this has allowed us to compare its primary structure to those of human polymerase alpha and other members of this polymerase family. Multiple sequence alignments have revealed that human DNA polymerase delta is also closely related to the herpes virus family of DNA polymerases. In situ hybridization has shown that the human DNA polymerase delta gene is localized to chromosome 19 q13.3–q13.4. In order to further determine the functional regions of the DNA polymerase δ structure we are currently expressing human pol δ inE. coli and baculovirus systems. Other work in our laboratory is directed toward examining the expression of DNA polymerase δ during the cell cycle.