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101.
Cavanagh JP Klingenberg C Hanssen AM Fredheim EA Francois P Schrenzel J Flægstad T Sollid JE 《Journal of microbiological methods》2012,89(3):159-166
The notoriously multi-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus is an emerging pathogen causing serious infections in immunocompromised patients. Defining the population structure is important to detect outbreaks and spread of antimicrobial resistant clones. Currently, the standard typing technique is pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In this study we describe novel molecular typing schemes for S. haemolyticus using multi locus sequence typing (MLST) and multi locus variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis. Seven housekeeping genes (MLST) and five VNTR loci (MLVF) were selected for the novel typing schemes. A panel of 45 human and veterinary S. haemolyticus isolates was investigated. The collection had diverse PFGE patterns (38 PFGE types) and was sampled over a 20 year-period from eight countries. MLST resolved 17 sequence types (Simpsons index of diversity [SID]=0.877) and MLVF resolved 14 repeat types (SID=0.831). We found a low sequence diversity. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the isolates in three (MLST) and one (MLVF) clonal complexes, respectively. Taken together, neither the MLST nor the MLVF scheme was suitable to resolve the population structure of this S. haemolyticus collection. Future MLVF and MLST schemes will benefit from addition of more variable core genome sequences identified by comparing different fully sequenced S. haemolyticus genomes. 相似文献
102.
Transforming growth factor-beta induced gene-h3 (betaig-h3) was found to co-purify with collagen VI microfibrils, extracted from developing fetal ligament, after equilibrium density gradient centrifugation under both nondenaturing and denaturing conditions. Analysis of the collagen VI fraction from the non-denaturing gradient by gel electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions revealed the present of a single high molecular weight band that immunostained for both collagen VI and betaig-h3. When the fraction was analyzed under reducing conditions, collagen VI alpha chains and betaig-h3 were the only species evident. The results indicated that betaig-h3 is associated with collagen VI in tissues by reducible covalent bonding, presumably disulfide bridges. Rotary shadowing and immunogold staining of the collagen VI microfibrils and isolated tetramers indicated that betaig-h3 was specifically and periodically associated with the double-beaded region of many of the microfibrils and that this covalent binding site was located in or near the amino-terminal globular domain of the collagen VI molecule. Using solid phase and co-immunoprecipitation assays, recombinant betaig-h3 was found to bind both native and pepsin-treated collagen VI but not individual pepsin-collagen VI alpha chains. Blocking experiments indicated that the major in vitro betaig-h3 binding site was located in the pepsin-resistant region of collagen VI. In contrast to the tissue situation, the in vitro interaction had the characteristics of a reversible non-covalent interaction, and the Kd was measured as 1.63 x 10(-8) m. Rotary shadowing of immunogold-labeled complexes of recombinant betaig-h3 and pepsin-collagen VI indicated that the in vitro betaig-h3 binding site was located close to the amino-terminal end of the collagen VI triple helix. The evidence indicates that collagen VI may contain distinct covalent and non-covalent binding sites for betaig-h3, although the possibility that both interactions use the same binding region is discussed. Overall the study supports the concept that betaig-h3 is extensively associated with collagen VI in some tissues and that it plays an important modulating role in collagen VI microfibril function. 相似文献
103.
Laska DA Houchins JO Pratt SE Horn J Xia X Hanssen BR Williams DC Dantzig AH Lindstrom T 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》2002,38(7):401-410
The role of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of membrane transporters is well documented in tumor cell multidrug resistance. More recently, growing evidence of their influence on oral bioavailability, drug excretion rates, and drug-drug interaction potential at the intestinal level has stimulated much investigation. Our laboratory is interested in evaluating the apical (AP) ABC transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp [mdr-1]) for its role in xenobiotic efflux at the intestinal level. We propagated Caco-2 cells in the presence of vinblastine (a cytotoxic, Pgp substrate) to promote transporter expression though selection. That is, the cell population expressing Pgp, or with the capacity to up-regulate Pgp expression, survived and expanded in the presence of vinblastine. We have used this selected cell line (Caco-2 VinB) to develop a fluorescent-based assay to study the chemical modulators of Pgp activity. Using the Caco-2 VinB cells, we have successfully demonstrated the differential potency of previously characterized Pgp inhibitors. In addition, we conducted a morphological evaluation of the two cell lines using transmission, scanning, and confocal microscopy. Both cell strains differentiated into highly functional, polarized columnar epithelium, although the vinblastine-selected cell line had lost the phenotypic diversity observed in native Caco-2 populations. Increased Pgp expression was noted in Caco-2 VinB cells compared with the native cell line on Western blot analysis, which was localized to the AP surface using confocal microscopy and functionally demonstrated using transport assays. We believe that the Caco2 VinB cell line is a versatile tool for application in pharmaceutical drug development. 相似文献
104.
The Obesity Factor: How Cardiorespiratory Fitness is Estimated More Accurately in People with Obesity 下载免费PDF全文
105.
K Dahl-J?rgensen O Brinchmann-Hansen K F Hanssen L Sandvik O Aagenaes 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1985,290(6471):811-815
In a study of retinopathy during one year of tight blood glucose control 45 type I (insulin dependent) diabetics without proliferative retinopathy were randomised to receive either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, multiple insulin injections, or conventional insulin treatment (controls). Near normoglycaemia was achieved with continuous infusion and multiple injections but not with conventional treatment. Blind evaluation of fluorescein angiograms performed three monthly showed progression of retinopathy in the control group, transient deterioration in the continuous infusion group, and no change in the multiple injection group. Half the patients receiving continuous infusion and multiple injections developed retinal cotton wool spots after three to six months. These changes regressed in all but four patients after 12 months. Control patients did not develop cotton wool spots. Patients who developed cotton wool spots are characterised by a larger decrement in glycosylated haemoglobin and blood glucose values, more frequent episodes of hypoglycaemia, a longer duration of diabetes, and more severe retinopathy at onset. A large and rapid fall in blood glucose concentration may promote transient deterioration of diabetic retinopathy. 相似文献
106.
Breaking the ice: large-scale distribution of mesozooplankton after a decade of Arctic and transpolar cruises 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
Mesozooplankton collected during five summer expeditions to the Arctic Ocean between 1987 and 1991 was analysed for regional
patterns in biomass and species distribution, distinguishing between an epipelagic (0–100 m) and a deeper (0–500 m) layer.
A total of 58 stations was sampled mainly in the Nansen, Amundsen and Makarov Basins of the central Arctic Ocean and in areas
of the Greenland Sea, West Spitsbergen Current and Barents Sea. Results from the different expeditions were combined to create
a transect extending from the Fram Strait across the Eurasian Basin into the Makarov Basin. Mesozooplankton dry mass in the
upper 500 m decreased from 8.4 g m−2 in the West Spitsbergen Current to less than 2 g m−2 in the high-Arctic deep-sea basins. In the central Arctic Ocean, biomass was concentrated in the upper 100 m and was dominated
by the large copepods Calanus hyperboreus and C. glacialis. In contrast, the mesozooplankton in the West Spitsbergen Current was more evenly distributed throughout the upper 500 m,
with C. finmarchicus as the prevailing species. The distribution of abundant mesopelagic species reflected the hydrographic regime: the calanoid
copepod Gaetanus tenuispinus and the hyperiid amphipod Themisto abyssorum were most abundant in the Atlantic inflow, while Scaphocalanus magnus was a typical component of the high-Arctic fauna. The relatively high mesozooplankton biomass and the occurrence of boreal-Atlantic
species in the central Arctic Ocean are indicators for the import of organic material from allochthonous sources, especially
from the northern North Atlantic. Hence, in spite of its enclosure by land masses, the Arctic Ocean is characterized by an
exchange of water masses and organisms with the North Atlantic, and advection processes strongly influence the distribution
of plankton species in this high-latitude ecosystem.
Received: 18 December 1997 / Accepted: 11 April 1998 相似文献
107.
108.
G. M. Besser C. H. Mortimer A. S. McNeilly M. O. Thorner G. A. Batistoni S. R. Bloom K. W. Kastrup K. F. Hanssen R. Hall D. H. Coy A. J. Kastin A. V. Schally 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1974,4(5945):622
Growth hormone release inhibiting hormone (GH-RIH) was infused at a rate of 1·3 μg/min for 28 hours into four patients with acromegaly, two of whom also had clinical diabetes mellitus. Growth hormone and glucagon were suppressed throughout the infusion though delayed secretion of insulin occurred in association with both meals and an oral glucose load. Glucose tolerance was improved in one diabetic patient who was taking chlorpropamide while the other required much less insulin than usual. Secretion of endogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone was lowered in one euthyroid patient on carbimazole. Luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, ACTH, and prolactin were not affected. Serum somatomedin levels were reduced in one patient. There was a rapid rebound of all the suppressed hormones when the infusions stopped. Longer-acting analogues of GH-RIH will be needed before long-term therapy of acromegaly or diabetes mellitus becomes possible, but such preparations should be available soon for clinical trial. 相似文献
109.
Torsten Semmler Ewan M. Harrison Antina Lübke-Becker Rainer G. Ulrich Lothar H. Wieler Sebastian Guenther Ivonne Stamm Anne-Merethe Hanssen Mark A. Holmes Szilvia Vincze Birgit Walther 《PloS one》2016,11(1)
Introduction
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is an important driver for resistance- and virulence factor accumulation in pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus.Methods
Here, we have investigated the downstream region of the bacterial chromosomal attachment site (attB) for the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) element of a commensal mecC-positive Staphylococcus stepanovicii strain (IMT28705; ODD4) with respect to genetic composition and indications of HGT. S. stepanovicii IMT28705 was isolated from a fecal sample of a trapped wild bank vole (Myodes glareolus) during a screening study (National Network on “Rodent-Borne Pathogens”) in Germany. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of IMT28705 together with the mecC-negative type strain CM7717 was conducted in order to comparatively investigate the genomic region downstream of attB (GenBank accession no. and KR732654). KR732653Results
The bank vole isolate (IMT28705) harbors a mecC gene which shares 99.2% nucleotide (and 98.5% amino acid) sequence identity with mecC of MRSA_LGA251. In addition, the mecC-encoding region harbors the typical blaZ-mecC-mecR1-mecI structure, corresponding with the class E mec complex. While the sequences downstream of attB in both S. stepanovicii isolates (IMT28705 and CM7717) are partitioned by 15 bp direct repeats, further comparison revealed a remarkable low concordance of gene content, indicating a chromosomal “hot spot” for foreign DNA integration and exchange.Conclusion
Our data highlight the necessity for further research on transmission routes of resistance encoding factors from the environmental and wildlife resistome. 相似文献110.
Ole Jørgen Hanssen Elling-Olav Rukke Bernt Saugen Jens Kolstad Pål Hafrom Lars von Krogh Hanne Lerche Raadal Anne Rønning Kristin Støren Wigum 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2007,12(4):257-265