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Klaus Kayser Sabine André Gerhard Böhm Sonia Donaldo-Jacinto Peter Fritz Herbert Kaltner Gian Kayser Wolf-Peter Kunze Andreas Nehrlich Fu-Yue Zeng Hans-Joachim Gabius 《Development genes and evolution》1995,204(5):344-349
Protein-carbohydrate interactions are supposed to play key roles in the mechanisms of cell adhesion, biosignalling and intracellular routing, warranting the analysis of the developmental course of expression of epitopes of this system. Thus, a panel of carrier-immobilized carbohydrate ligands was used as probes, namely lactose,N-acetylgalactosamine,N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, fucose and maltose. Additionally, an antibody to an endogenous -galactoside-binding lectin (anti-galectin-1), the biotinylated lectin and two further human lectins, namely the macrophage migration inhibitory factor-binding sarcolectin and serum amyloid P component (SAP) that displays selectivity for sulphated sugars and mannose-6-phosphate, were included. They enabled us to assess the extent of the presence of respective binding sites in fixed sections from human lungs (pulmonary epithelial cells), livers (hepatocytes) and hearts (myocard cells) of 10–50 weeks gestation. Invariably, specific binding was detected in the three organ types, at least in certain stages. In most of the cases, the intensity of staining exhibited developmental regulation. The apparent patterns reveal similarities between the different cell types, as seen with immobilizedN-acetylglucosamine as well as with labelled galectin-1 and sarcolectin. However, drastic differences among such patterns with nearly opposite developmental courses do also occur, as detected for carrier-attached mannose and maltose residues. These results point to a potential importance for the detected glycohistochemical features in human development and substantiate the possibility of differential regulation of the presence of binding sites for distinct sugars within a certain organ and between the individual cell types of the monitored organs. 相似文献
23.
Schönheit Peter Beimborn Dieter B. Perski Hans-Joachim 《Archives of microbiology》1984,140(2-3):247-251
Cultures of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (Marburg) growing on media low in potassium accumulated the cation up to a maximal concentration gradient ([K+]intracellular/[K+]extracellular) of approximately 50,000-fold. Under these conditions, the membrane potential was determined by measuring the equilibrium distribution of the lipophilic cation (14C) tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+). This cation was accumulated by the cells 350-to 1,000-fold corresponding to a membrane potential (inside negative) of 170–200 mV. The pH gradient, as measured by equilibrium distribution of the weak acid, benzoic acid, was found to be lower than 0.1 pH units (extracellular pH=6.8). The addition of valinomycin (0.5–1 nmol/mg cells) to the culture reduced the maximal concentration gradient of potassium from 50,000-to approximately 500-fold, without changing the membrane potential. After dissipation of the membrane potential by the addition of 12C-TTP+ (2 mol/mg cells) or tetrachlorosalicylanilide (3 nmol/mg cells), a rapid and complete efflux of potassium was observed.These data indicate that potassium accumulation in the absence of valinomycin is not in equilibrium with the membrane potential. It is concluded that at low extracellular K+ concentrations potassium is not accumulated by M. thermoautotrophicum via an electrogenic uniport mechanism.Non-common abbreviations TPP+
Tetra phenylphosphonium bromide
- DTE
Dithioerythritol
- TCS
3,5,3,4-Tetrachlorosalycylanilide 相似文献
24.
Werner Nachtigall und Hans-Joachim Rothe 《Journal of Ornithology》1982,123(4):439-443
Zusammenfassung Bei Haustauben, die in einem horizontalen Windkanal mit 48 km/h stationär flogen, wurden mit Hilfe von Zeitlupenanalysen Schlagphasen nachgewiesen, die dem vonWeis-Fogh (1973) geforderten clap-and-fling Mechanismus entsprechen. Am Ende des Aufschlags schlagen die beiden Flügel mit der morphologischen Oberseite ± vollständig zusammen (clap). Vor dem Abschlag öffnen sie sich wie die Seiten eines Buches von vorn nach hinten (fling); erst am Ende dieser Phase entfernen sie sich voneinander. Weitere feinkinematische Ergebnisse werden mitgeteilt. Diese instationären Schlagphasen werden insbesondere dann eingesetzt, wenn hohe Luftkräfte benötigt werden. Die Kinematik der Flügelbewegung ist demnach so beschaffen, daß durch frühzeitige Zirkulationsinduzierung bereits ganz zu Beginn des Abschlags hohe Auftriebskräfte erzeugt werden könnten. Es wird diskutiert, daß der clap-and-fling Mechanismus auch für rasche Beschleunigungen bei hohem Schubbedarf eingesetzt werden könnte.
Mit Geräteunterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 相似文献
Evidence for a clap-and-fling mechanism in pigeons flying in a windtunnel
Summary Slow motion pictures of pigeons flying horizontally at a speed of 48 km/h in a windtunnel have shown flight patterns which seemed to be similar to the clap-and-fling mechanism discribed byWeis-Fogh (1973) for small insects. At the end of upstroke, both upper surfaces of the wings come together ± completely (clap). Before downstroke, the wings are opened like the pages of a book (fling). This instationary wingbeat pattern is used especially when high aerodynamic forces are needed. The clap-and-fling mechanism enables the bird to establish an early circulation so that, at the very beginning of downstroke, high lift forces can be produced. The question whether the clap-and-fling mechanism is also used for quick accelerations when greater thrust is required is also discussed.
Mit Geräteunterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 相似文献
25.
The effect of 100 atm pressure on the organization of the lipid-peptide complex formed between polymyxin and dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid has been investigated. Phase transition curves were obtained by electron paramagnetic resonance by measuring the partition coefficient of the spin label, 2, 2, 5, . The three-step phase transition curve previously obtained with fluorescence polarization measurements was confirmed, demonstrating three distinct phosphatidic acid domains in the bilayer. Pressure increases binding of polymyxin to phosphatidic acid bilayers and alters the proportions of the two domains that differ in the mode of binding between phosphatidic acid and polymyxin. The binding curves of polymyxin to phosphatidic acid bilayers were determined and it was shown that application of pressure reduces the cooperativity of the binding curve. 相似文献
26.
Hans-Ulrich Meisch Helga Benzschawel Hans-Joachim Bielig 《Archives of microbiology》1977,114(1):67-70
Cells of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, derived from vanadium free agar slants, respond with great sensitivity to microamounts of vanadium, added as NH4VO3 to autotrophic liquid cultures. Between 0.01 and 1 g V per litre nutrient medium (2·10-10-2·10-8g-at/l), the algae respond with a continuous increase in dry weight. At higher V-concentrations, further enhancement in biomass is accompanied by a additional increase in chlorophyll content. Maximum V-effect on both parameters was found to be at 500g V/l (10-5 g-at/l). Dry weight as well as chlorophyll content of Chlorella are decreased by concentrations above 25 mg V/l; 100 mg V/l (2·10-3 g-at/l) stop growth and cause death of the cells. The toxic threshold for the V-content in the algae was determined to be at 150–200 g V/g (3–4·10-6 g-at/g) dry weight.Two different pH-optima for a positive vanadium action on dry weight and chlorophyll biosynthesis were established, the first at pH 7, the other in the range pH 7.5–8. Two sites of vanadium action in green algae are discussed.Part I: Arch. Microbiol. 105, 77–82 (1975) 相似文献
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28.
The protein-induced lipid transfer between phosphatidylcholine vesicles was investigated. Measurements of the degree of polarization at single vesicles were made by flow cytometry using diphenylhexatriene as the optical probe. Vesicles differing in phase transition temperature could be distinguished by their degree of polarization at a temperature where one population was in the fluid () and the other one in the quasi-crystalline () state. Besides vesicles containing exchanged lipids we also observed fractions of unaffected vesicles. The lipid exchange was visualized directly by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The characteristic ‘ripple’ structure of phosphatidylcholine vesicles disappeared upon exchange with lipid in the fluid state. 相似文献
29.
Y.H. Xü K. Gietzen H.-J. Galla 《International journal of biological macromolecules》1983,5(3):154-158
Biologically active spin labelled derivatives of calmodulin were prepared and used to study CA2+- and Mg2+-induced conformational changes of the protein. The rotational correlation time of the spin labelled residues increased upon addition of divalent cations. Two calcium ions per spin labelled calmodulin were found to induce a 75% conformational change, whereas four calcium ions were necessary for a maximum conformational change. The increase in rotational correlation time induced by Mg2+ is less pronounced. Two different covalently attached spin labels (iodoacetamide and maleimide) were compared and marked differences were found in their chemical stability. The binding of manganese ions to calmodulin could be observed directly from the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of these paramagnetic ions. Two specific classes of binding sites, each binding two manganese ions with , respectively, were determined. Further ion binding occurs at non-specific sites. 相似文献
30.
M Hein C Madefessel B Haag K Teichmann A Post H J Galla 《Chemistry and physics of lipids》1992,63(3):223-233
The transepithelial resistance of confluent epithelial cell monolayers was monitored to investigate the influence of basic amino acids, Ca2+, protamine and protons on tight junction electrical resistance. In an accompanying paper we investigated the effect of these substances on the lamellar/hexagonal II phase transition in reconstituted phospholipid membranes containing phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine. We conclude that the permeability of tight junctions may be described by a lipid phase equilibrium where the lamellar phase corresponds to an open state and the hexagonal lipid phase to the closed state of the cell contact. This dynamic lipid model is well suited to describe the morphological as well as functional properties of the tight junctions. 相似文献