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41.
Deutungsversuch zur Nahrungsaufnahme eines schnabelverletzten Austernfischers(Haematopus ostralegus)
Dieter Richter 《Journal of Ornithology》1967,108(3):328-334
Zusammenfassung Eine MitteilungFlints über die Nahrungsaufnahme eines schnabelverletzten Austernfischers (Gefangenschaftsvogel) gab Anlaß zu einigen Gedanken darüber, welche angeborenen Verhaltensweisen dem Vogel bei der Erfindung seiner neuen Methode von Nutzen gewesen sein können. — So wird das Aufspießen von Brocken in der Futterschüssel mit dem Erbeuten von Muscheln und Krabben durch Aufspießen verglichen und das Herausschleudern des Bissens als Versuch gedeutet, einen Fremdkörper loszuwerden. Das beachtliche Hinstoßen des Brockens zu einer Rinne im Käfigboden wird als Surrogat für einen im Freileben vorkommenden zielgerichteten Nahrungstransport angesehen und im schließlichen Versenken des überstehenden Schnabelteils in der Rinne zum Fassen der Nahrung wird das normale Nahrungsstochern der Art erblickt. — Es wird eine Hypothese zur mutmaßlichen Entstehung der verblüffenden Umorientierung entwickelt.
Summary A short note byFlint about the feeding habits of an Oystercatcher(Haematopus ostralegus) in captivity with only three quarters of his under bill gave reason for reflections which of the innate motor patterns of the species might have helped the bird in finding its new method. — At first a morsel of food in the tray is stabbed with the upper bill. This is compared with the stabbing of mussels and crabs. The morsel is then flung out of the tray in the way of getting rid of annoying matter. After this the bit is pushed along the floor towards a slit and right across it. This remarkable performance seems to be a substitute for an oriented food transport directed to a special place occurring under full scope conditions. The sinking of the beak into the cleft in order to seize the food at last may be identical with the usual probing for worms. — A conjecture is given as to how this bewildering reorganization of feeding habits might have come into being.相似文献
42.
Zusammenfassung Es werden verschiedene Typen von Einschlußkörperchen im Karyoplasma der Epithelzellen des menschlichen Nebenhodenepithels beschrieben. Die verschieden strukturierten Kerninklusionen werden als eine Differenzierungsreihe aufgefaßt. Sie beginnt mit kleinen rundlichen Körperchen aus feinfädigem Material und führt über die Ausbildung von Anhäufungen dichter homogener Kugeln zu großen Vakuolen wechselnden Inhaltes.
Herrn Professor Dr. W. Bargmann zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.
Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. 相似文献
Summary Different types of inclusion bodies are described in the karyoplasm of the epithelial cells of the human epididymis. The structural differences between these inclusions are interpreted as being indicative of consecutive stages in the process of their formation. Thus small, spherical bodies consisting of a fine fibrous material are believed to be the initial stages in the formation of the inclusion bodies whereas the dense, homogenous globules are thought to represent a later stage. Large vacuoles containing different materials are regarded as the final stage in this process of differentiation.
Herrn Professor Dr. W. Bargmann zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.
Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. 相似文献
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Susanne Richter 《Human genetics》1967,3(3):235-243
697 children with concomitant strabism, all patients who were seen in the Ophthalmalogical university hospital and outpatient service of the Charité, Berlin, during a certain period, have been examined together with their parents and siblings. In a second series, 3398 12-years old school children (born 1953) from three urban districts of Berlin were examined at the occasion of a vaccination term, and 179 children with strabism were ascertained. Probands as well as their parents and siblings were examined thoroughly according to the criteria of strabism diagnostics. Incidence of squinting among siblings was increased markedly when compared with the population frequency, but did not reach the expectations under rthe assumption of a single, monomeric mode of inheritance. Admixture of phenocopies or new mutants could be excluded. Twin investigations (12 monocygotic and 27 dicygotic pairs) showed a manifestation rate of 94,1% in monocygotic pairs, corresponding to a 3 1/2 times higher concordance in monocygotic as compared with dicygotic twins. From the results discussed, a multifactorial genetic system in combination with a threshold effect seems to be the most likely genetic interpretation. An analysis of pedigrees shows that slight sensoric as well as motoric anomalies might combine in different and continuously varying quantities, contributing to the syndrom of concomitant strabism. 相似文献
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Respiratory neuronal activity during apnea and other breathing patterns induced by laryngeal stimulation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E E Lawson D W Richter M F Czyzyk-Krzeska A Bischoff R C Rudesill 《Journal of applied physiology》1991,70(6):2742-2749
Respiration cycles through three distinct phases (inspiration, postinspiration, and expiration) each having corresponding medullary cells that are excited during one phase and inhibited during the other two. Laryngeal stimulation is known to induce apnea in newborn animals, but the cellular mechanisms underlying this effect are not known. Intracellular recording of ventral respiratory group neurons was accomplished in intact anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated piglets. Apnea was induced by insufflation of the larynx with ammonia-saturated air, smoke, or water. Laryngeal insufflation induced phrenic nerve apnea, stimulation of postinspiratory neurons, and stable membrane potentials in inspiratory and expiratory cells consistent with postinspiratory inhibition. Usually the membrane potential of each neuronal type cycled through an expiratory level before onset of the first recovery breath. Variants of the apnea response, probably reflecting the aspiration reflex or sniffing, sneezing, coughing, and swallowing, were also observed. These latter patterns showed oscillation between inspiration and postinspiration without an apparent intervening stage II expiratory phase. However, stage II expiratory activity always preceded onset of the first ramp inspiration after such a pattern. These findings suggest that activation of postinspiratory mechanisms causes profound alterations in the respiratory pattern and that stage II expiration importantly modulates recovery of ramp inspiratory activity. The mechanism of this latter effect may be inhibition of early inspiratory neurons with consequent postinhibitory rebound. 相似文献
50.
Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were selected from a panel of MAbs for use in the direct DAS (double antibody sandwich)-ELISA. Two different test procedures were developed: an ELISA with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (mixed ELISA) for the routine detection of CMV and a MAb-ELISA with two MAbs directed against different epitopes for the specific detection of the N serotype which is prevalent in GDR. The conventional two-step incubation of plates precoated with IgG was compared with simultaneous incubation of test sample and labelled antibody (one-step incubation). The mixed ELISA proved to be more sensitive than the direct DAS-ELISA with polyclonal antisera in detecting CMV in crude sap of infected plants. On the other hand, the MAb-ELISA could be used for serotyping of CMV isolates which is important in epidemiological investigations and in resistance breeding. Both the two-step and the one-step procedures gave similar results with some advantages of the latter procedure. One-step incubation is not only time-saving but seems to be also more sensitive with regard to the detection limit. However, care must be taken to circumvent the hook-effect occurring at high virus concentrations. 相似文献