全文获取类型
收费全文 | 758篇 |
免费 | 93篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 35篇 |
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 25篇 |
2018年 | 15篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 40篇 |
2015年 | 51篇 |
2014年 | 62篇 |
2013年 | 77篇 |
2012年 | 60篇 |
2011年 | 67篇 |
2010年 | 40篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 27篇 |
2007年 | 44篇 |
2006年 | 22篇 |
2005年 | 34篇 |
2004年 | 27篇 |
2003年 | 31篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
1941年 | 1篇 |
1933年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有851条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
131.
Schwarzenbacher M Kaltenbrunner M Brameshuber M Hesch C Paster W Weghuber J Heise B Sonnleitner A Stockinger H Schütz GJ 《Nature methods》2008,5(12):1053-1060
We present a method to identify and characterize interactions between a fluorophore-labeled protein ('prey') and a membrane protein ('bait') in live mammalian cells. Cells are plated on micropatterned surfaces functionalized with antibodies to the bait extracellular domain. Bait-prey interactions are assayed through the redistribution of the fluorescent prey. We used the method to characterize the interaction between human CD4, the major co-receptor in T-cell activation, and human Lck, the protein tyrosine kinase essential for early T-cell signaling. We measured equilibrium associations by quantifying Lck redistribution to CD4 micropatterns and studied interaction dynamics by photobleaching experiments and single-molecule imaging. In addition to the known zinc clasp structure, the Lck membrane anchor in particular had a major impact on the Lck-CD4 interaction, mediating direct binding and further stabilizing the interaction of other Lck domains. In total, membrane anchorage increased the interaction lifetime by two orders of magnitude. 相似文献
132.
Hannes Löser 《Pal?ontologische Zeitschrift》2008,82(3):279-284
The new scleractinian coral genusHexasmiliopsis is described on the basis of material from the Early Aptian (Early Cretaceous) of Murcia (Spain). The new genus of the Heterocoeniidae
family is characterised by its solitary growth form, a very strong main septum and the presence of apophysal septa. It is
closely related to the generaHexasmilia (phaceloid growth form),Rodinosmilia andTiarasmilia (both without main septum). The genus is monospecific and represents only the type species,Hexasmiliopsis saldanai.
相似文献
133.
Hannes Reisinger Willibald Steinfellner Hermann Katinger Renate Kunert 《Cytotechnology》2009,60(1-3):115-123
The generation of transgenic cell lines is acquired by facilitating the uptake and integration of DNA. Unfortunately, most of the systems generating stable expression systems are cost and time-consuming and transient expression is optimized to generate milligram amounts of the recombinant protein. Therefore we improved and compared two transfection systems, one based on cationic liposomes consisting of DOTAP/DOPE and the second one on polyethylenimine (PEI). Both systems have been used as chemically defined transfection systems in combination with serum-free cultivated host cell line. At first we had determined the toxicity and ideal ratio of DNA to PEI followed by determination of the optimal transfection conditions in order to achieve maximum transfection efficiency. We then directly compared DOTAP/DOPE and PEI in transient transfection experiments using enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) and a human monoclonal antibody, mAb 2F5, as a model protein. The results which were achieved in case of EGFP were more than 15% transfectants at a viability of 85%. Despite the fact that expression of the mAb was found negligible we used both techniques to generate stable mAb 2F5 expressing cell lines that underwent several cycles of screening and amplification with methotrexate, and resulted in cell lines with similar volumetric production titers. These experiments serve to demonstrate the potential of stable cell lines even in case where the transient systems did not show satisfying results. 相似文献
134.
Cord Drögemüller Marco Rossi Arcangelo Gentile Stefania Testoni Hannes Jörg Gerald Stranzinger Michaela Drögemüller Marie-Louise Glowatzki-Mullis Tosso Leeb 《Mammalian genome》2009,20(1):53-59
Arachnomelia in Brown Swiss cattle is a monogenic autosomal recessive inherited congenital disorder of the skeletal system
giving affected calves a spidery look (OMIA ID 000059). Over a period of 20 years 15 cases were sampled in the Swiss and Italian
Brown cattle population. Pedigree data revealed that all affected individuals trace back to a single acknowledged carrier
founder sire. A genome scan using 240 microsatellites spanning the 29 bovine autosomes showed homozygosity at three adjacent
microsatellite markers on bovine Chr 5 in all cases. Linkage analysis confirmed the localization of the arachnomelia mutation
in the region of the marker ETH10. Fine-mapping and haplotype analysis using a total of 34 markers in this region refined the critical region of the arachnomelia
locus to a 7.19-Mb interval on bovine Chr 5. The disease-associated IBD haplotype was shared by 36 proven carrier animals
and allows marker-assisted selection. As the corresponding human and mouse chromosome segments do not contain any clear functional
candidate genes for this disorder, the mutation causing arachnomelia in the Brown Swiss cattle might help to identify an unknown
gene in bone development.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
135.
Maria Wilbe Päivi Jokinen Christina Hermanrud Lorna J. Kennedy Erling Strandberg Helene Hansson-Hamlin Hannes Lohi Göran Andersson 《Immunogenetics》2009,61(8):557-564
Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers are predisposed to a SLE-related disease complex including immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) and steroid-responsive meningitis–arteritis (SRMA). IMRD involves symptoms that resemble those seen in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE, or SLE-related diseases, in humans. This disease complex involves persistent lameness, stiffness, mainly after resting, and palpable pain from several joints of extremities. The majority of affected dogs display antinuclear autoantibody (ANA)-reactivity. SRMA is manifested in young dogs with high fever and neck stiffness and can be treated with corticosteroids. We have investigated the possible role of MHC class II as a genetic risk factor in IMRD and SRMA etiology. We performed sequence-based typing of the DLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 class II loci in a total of 176 dogs including 51 IMRD (33 ANA-positive), 49 SRMA cases, and 78 healthy controls (two dogs were both IMRD- and SRMA-affected). Homozygosity for the risk haplotype DRB1*00601/DQA1*005011/DQB1*02001 increased the risk for IMRD (OR?=?4.9; ANA-positive IMRD: OR?=?7.2) compared with all other genotypes. There was a general heterozygote advantage, homozygotes had OR?=?4.4 (ANA-positive IMRD: OR?=?8.9) compared with all heterozygotes. The risk haplotype contains the five amino acid epitope RARAA, known as the shared epitope for rheumatoid arthritis. No association was observed for SRMA. We conclude that DLA class II is a highly significant genetic risk factor for ANA-positive IMRD. The results indicate narrow diversity of DLA II haplotypes and identify an IMRD-related risk haplotype, which becomes highly significant in homozygous dogs. 相似文献
136.
Mapping continuous fields of forest alpha and beta diversity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Question: How to map continuous fields of forest alpha and beta diversity in remote areas, based on easily accessible spatial data. Location: Kyrgyzstan/Central Asia. Methods: The study relied on a combination of predictive mapping and remote sensing. Punctual measurements of alpha diversity were linked to topography and reflectance using regression models. For beta diversity, ordination techniques were employed to extract major vegetation gradients. Scores on the ordination axes were regressed against topography as well as reflectance and subsequently mapped. Beta diversity was mapped as spatial turnover rate along these axes. Results: The diversity maps quantified species counts and turnover in a spatially contiguous manner while taking into account fuzzy transitions. The variance explained by regression models ranged from 51% to 61% in cross‐validation. Many of the observed differences were caused by differences in species shares. The occurrence of walnut, in particular, showed a negative relation to woody species numbers. Conclusion: Mapping biodiversity in remote areas can be based on easily accessible spatial data in combination with a set of calibration field samples. With regard to human influence on walnut dominance, a total removal of human land use would be counterproductive in terms of diversity conservation. The results of this study highlight the need for comprehensive analyses of diversity patterns that include spatially contiguous quantifications of species numbers, shares and turnover rates. 相似文献
137.
Hannes Schroeder Tamsin C. O'Connell Jane A. Evans Kristrina A. Shuler Robert E.M. Hedges 《American journal of physical anthropology》2009,139(4):547-557
The question of the ultimate origin of African slaves is one of the most perplexing in the history of trans‐Atlantic slavery. Here we present the results of a small, preliminary isotopic study that was conducted in order to determine the geographical origin of 25 enslaved Africans who were buried at the Newton plantation, Barbados, sometime between the late 17th and early 19th century. In order to gain a more nuanced understanding of the slaves' origin, we used a combination of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and strontium isotope analyses. Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were determined in bone and dentinal collagen; oxygen and strontium isotopes were measured in tooth enamel. Results suggest that the majority of individuals were born on the island, if not the estate itself. Seven individuals, however, yielded enamel oxygen and strontium ratios that are inconsistent with a Barbadian origin, which strongly suggests that we are dealing with first‐generation captives who were brought to the island with the slave trade. This idea is also supported by the fact that their carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values differ markedly between their teeth and bones. These intra‐skeletal shifts reflect major dietary changes that probably coincided with their enslavement and forced migration to Barbados. While it is impossible to determine their exact origins, the results clearly demonstrate that the slaves did not all grow up in the same part of Africa. Instead, the data seem to suggest that they originated from at least three different areas, possibly including the Gold Coast and the Senegambia. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
138.
An experimental loop design for the detection of constitutional chromosomal aberrations by array CGH
Joke Allemeersch Steven Van Vooren Femke Hannes Bart De Moor Joris Robert Vermeesch Yves Moreau 《BMC bioinformatics》2009,10(1):380
Background
Comparative genomic hybridization microarrays for the detection of constitutional chromosomal aberrations is the application of microarray technology coming fastest into routine clinical application. Through genotype-phenotype association, it is also an important technique towards the discovery of disease causing genes and genomewide functional annotation in human. When using a two-channel microarray of genomic DNA probes for array CGH, the basic setup consists in hybridizing a patient against a normal reference sample. Two major disadvantages of this setup are (1) the use of half of the resources to measure a (little informative) reference sample and (2) the possibility that deviating signals are caused by benign copy number variation in the "normal" reference instead of a patient aberration. Instead, we apply an experimental loop design that compares three patients in three hybridizations. 相似文献139.
Heiko Wurdak Shoutian Zhu Angelica Romero Mihaela Lorger James Watson Chih-yuan Chiang Jay Zhang Vanita S. Natu Luke L. Lairson John R. Walker Christopher M. Trussell Griffith R. Harsh Hannes Vogel Brunhilde Felding-Habermann Anthony P. Orth Loren J. Miraglia Daniel R. Rines Stephen L. Skirboll Peter G. Schultz 《Cell Stem Cell》2010,6(1):37-47
140.
Marc Kochzius Christian Seidel Aglaia Antoniou Sandeep Kumar Botla Daniel Campo Alessia Cariani Eva Garcia Vazquez Janet Hauschild Caroline Hervet Sigridur Hj?rleifsdottir Gudmundur Hreggvidsson Kristina Kappel Monica Landi Antonios Magoulas Viggo Marteinsson Manfred N?lte Serge Planes Fausto Tinti Cemal Turan Moleyur N. Venugopal Hannes Weber Dietmar Blohm 《PloS one》2010,5(9)