硫胺素对Arthrobacter sp.A302环磷酸腺苷发酵的影响

研究在培养基中加入硫胺素（V B1）对cAMP发酵的影响。结果表明：V B1的最适添加量为0.5 g/L,与对照组相比,环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）产量和细胞干质量分别提高了36.4%和41.8%,达到7.5和7.8 g/L。琥珀酸和α-酮戊二酸的含量有明显的提高,平均提高了43.59%和40.77%;同时,主要副产物乙酸的含量没有明显变化。在发酵过程中,V B1的加入对ATP的含量及与cAMP合成密切相关的几种酶的活性也有显著的影响。     

Multichannel automated chamber system for continuous monitoring of CO2 exchange between the agro-ecosystem or soil and the atmosphere

A multichannel automated chamber system was developed for continuous monitoring of CO₂ exchange at multiple points between agro-ecosystem or soil and atmosphere. This system consisted of an automated chamber subsystem with a CO₂ concentration analyzer and a data logging subsystem. Both subsystems were under the control of a programmable logic controller (PLC). The automated chamber subsystem contained 18 chambers (50 cm × 50 cm × 50 cm) and a compressor. The chamber lids were closed and can be automatically opened. During measurement, one of the 18 chambers was kept closed for three minutes for measuring and the other chambers were kept open to maintain the natural soil conditions to the maximum extent. Environmental variables were simultaneously measured using sensors and recorded by the data logger. The reliability of the multichannel automated chamber system was tested and the results showed that the turbulence of the fans had no significant effect on the CO₂ exchange. The changes in the air and the temperature of soil and soil moisture inside the chambers, caused by the enclosure of the chambers, were not significant. The net ecosystem CO₂ exchange for the wheat ecosystem was ?2.35 μmol·m^?2·s^>?1 and the soil respiration was 3.87 μmol·m^?2·s^>?1 in the wheat field, and 6.61 μmol·m^?2·s^>?1 in the apple orchard.     

Control of glycolytic flux in directed biosynthesis of uridine-phosphoryl compounds through the manipulation of ATP availability

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the most important energy source for metabolic reactions and pathways, plays a vital role in control of metabolic flux. Considering the importance of ATP in regulation of the glycolytic pathway, the use of ATP-oriented manipulation is a rational and efficient route to regulate metabolic flux. In this paper, a series of efficient ATP-oriented regulation methods, such as changing ambient temperature and altering reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), was developed. To satisfy the different demand for ATP at different phases in directed biosynthesis of uridine-phosphoryl compounds, a multiphase ATP supply regulation strategy was also used to enhance to yield of target metabolites.     

Two homologous putative protein tyrosine phosphatases, OsPFA-DSP2 and AtPFA-DSP4, negatively regulate the pathogen response in transgenic plants

Protein phosphatases, together with protein kinases, regulate protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, and play critical roles in plant growth and biotic stress responses. However, little is known about the biological functions of plant protein tyrosine dual-specificity phosphatase (PFA-DSP) in biotic stresses. Here, we found that OsPFA-DSP2 was mainly expressed in calli, seedlings, roots, and young panicles, and localized in cytoplasm and nucleus. Ectopic overexpression of OsPFA-DSP2 in rice increased sensitivity to Magnaporthe grisea (M. grisea Z1 strain), inhibited the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and suppressed the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes after fungal infection. Interestingly, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtPFA-DSP4, which is homologous to OsPFA-DSP2, also exhibited sensitivity to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000), reduced accumulation of H(2)O(2) and decreased photosynthesic capacity after infection compared with Col-0. These results indicate that OsPFA-DSP2 and AtPFA-DSP4 act as negative regulators of the pathogen response in transgenic plants.     

D-乳酸在微孔超高交联树脂HD-01上的吸附热力学及动力学

对D-乳酸在微孔超高交联树脂HD-01上的吸附热力学和动力学进行研究。考察p H对D-乳酸吸附的影响,D-乳酸的吸附量随p H的升高而降低,最佳p H为2.1。采用静态吸附法测定温度293.15、313.15和333.15 K下D-乳酸的吸附等温线,并采用Langmuir和Freundlich等温线方程对实验数据进行拟合,其中Freundlich方程的拟合效果较好,相关系数R20.99。树脂HD-01对D-乳酸的吸附量为0.146 5 g/g(ρe=102 g/L,333.15 K),比大孔吸附树脂Amberlite XAD1600高出11%。计算得到的吉布斯自由能变ΔG和等量吸附焓变ΔH均小于零,说明D-乳酸在HD-01上的吸附是自发进行的放热过程。测定了不同温度下D-乳酸在树脂上的吸附动力学,实验结果表明,吸附动力学曲线符合准一阶速率方程。D-乳酸在树脂上的传质速率随温度的升高而增大,293.15 K达到吸附平衡只需10 min。     

6-苄氨基腺嘌呤和萘乙酸对三裂叶野葛毛状根生长和异黄酮含量的影响

为了探讨植物激素对三裂叶野葛毛状根生长和异黄酮化合物含量的影响,采用不同浓度的6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-Benzylaminopurine,6-BA)或6-BA和萘乙酸(α-Naphthaleneacetic,NAA)结合处理三裂叶野葛毛状根,观察其对毛状根生长的影响,然后利用分光光度计测定毛状根中异黄酮化合物含量及抗氧化酶活性。结果表明:6-BA抑制三裂叶野葛毛状根的生长,降低三裂叶野葛毛状根的生物量,且随着6-BA浓度的增加,其抑制效果愈明显;同时降低其总异黄酮化合物的含量。与对照相比,不同浓度6-BA和NAA 2.0 mg/L结合抑制毛状根的生长,降低毛状根中总异黄酮化合物含量。6-BA和NAA结合能显著提高毛状根可溶性蛋白质含量和过氧化物酶活性,但降低其超氧化物歧化酶活性;单独6-BA处理的毛状根培养至30 d时,可以检测到典型的DNA ladder带,而6-BA和NAA结合处理的毛状根培养至20 d时就可以检测到DNA ladder带,表明6-BA或6-BA和NAA结合都可以促进细胞程序性死亡的发生,且NAA具有协同作用。     

云南被子植物菊类分支的系统发育多样性及其分布格局

全球气候变化与人为活动等因素导致的生物多样性丧失,引起了全球各界对生物多样性保护的高度关注。传统生物多样性保护主要对物种、特有种、受威胁物种的种类组成及其分布模式开展研究,忽视了进化历史在生物多样性保护中的作用。云南是全球生物多样性热点地区的交汇区,生物多样性的保护历来受到广泛关注,为了更好地探讨云南生物多样性的保护措施,该研究以云南被子植物菊类分支物种为研究对象,基于物种间的演化关系,结合其地理分布,从进化历史的角度探讨物种、特有种、受威胁物种的种类组成及系统发育组成的分布格局,并整合自然保护地的空间分布,识别生物多样性的重点保护区域。结果表明：云南被子植物菊类分支的物种、特有种及受威胁物种的物种密度与系统发育多样性均显著正相关;通过零模型分析发现,由南向北标准化系统发育多样性逐渐降低;云南南部、东南部、西北部是云南被子植物菊类分支的重点保护区域,加强这些区域的保护,将最大化地保护生物多样性的进化历史和进化潜能。由此可见,融合进化历史信息的植物多样性格局分析不仅有助于更加深入地理解植物多样性的形成与演变,也为生物多样性保护策略的制定提供更多的思路。     

干旱区群落乔木层对草本层空间格局及形态特征的影响

运用小波分析及缓冲区分析技术,对位于宁夏平罗县西大滩的沙枣-芨芨草群落乔木层对草本层的空间格局及形态特征的影响进行了研究。研究发现：（1）该群落土壤中出现了下层水势低于上层的逆水势层,反映了根系较深的乔木层主要从土壤较深层次吸收水分,并影响林下植物的生长;（2）上层林木冠层投影区芨芨草的空间格局明显有别于非投影区,小波分析检测出冠层投影区存在与乔木冠幅相对应的特征尺度,而非投影区芨芨草的分布存在与平均树高及1．5倍平均树高相对应的特征尺度;（3）芨芨草的平均丛径、冠幅、高度等形态特征在离树干约1．5倍树高处的变化趋势明显有别于其它区域,表明林下植物的格局与形态特征不止受冠层荫蔽作用影响。     

应用型人才培养视角下的生物工程类专业“生产实习”课程教学改革与实践

生产实习是本科阶段大学生利用专业技能,开展工程训练的重要教学环节,是生物工程类专业应用型人才培养的重要抓手。本文介绍了滨州学院“生物工程类专业生产实习”课程组在地方普通本科高校向应用型转变,培养高水平应用型人才的背景下,立足黄河三角洲——滨州生物与医药产业集群特色,深化校企合作,以绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)多克隆抗体为例,从教学内容、教学模式、考核方式、课程持续改进等内容进行改革与实践。一方面对其开发、生产、流通等环节的内容进行设计与重排,利用虚拟仿真等线上资源和平台开展培训,并通过实操检测和“校友邦”等软件平台进行实习过程记录、追踪与监测;另一方面建立注重实习过程的实践性与应用性的考核方式和持续改进的双向评价模式。通过近年的改革与实践,取得了一定的教学成效,促进了生物工程类专业应用型人才的培养,希望能对同类课程的教学实践改革提供借鉴。