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141.
Jaekwang Jeong Ivonne Lisinski Anil K. G. Kadegowda Hyunsu Shin F. B. Peter Wooding Brian R. Daniels Jerome Schaack Ian H. Mather 《Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)》2013,14(9):974-986
Milk lipid is secreted by a unique process, during which triacylglycerol droplets bud from mammary cells coated with an outer bilayer of apical membrane. In all current schemes, the integral protein butyrophilin 1A1 (BTN) is postulated to serve as a transmembrane scaffold, which interacts either with itself or with the peripheral proteins, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and possibly perilipin‐2 (PLIN2), to form an immobile bridging complex between the droplet and apical surface. In one such scheme, BTN on the surface of cytoplasmic lipid droplets interacts directly with BTN in the apical membrane without binding to either XOR or PLIN2. We tested these models using both biochemical and morphological approaches. BTN was concentrated in the apical membrane in all species examined and contained mature N‐linked glycans. We found no evidence for the association of unprocessed BTN with intracellular lipid droplets. BTN‐enhanced green fluorescent protein was highly mobile in areas of mouse milk‐lipid droplets that had not undergone post‐secretion changes, and endogenous mouse BTN comprised only 0.5–0.7% (w/w) of the total protein, i.e. over 50‐fold less than in the milk‐lipid droplets of cow and other species. These data are incompatible with models of milk‐lipid secretion in which BTN is the major component of an immobile global adhesive complex and suggest that interactions between BTN and other proteins at the time of secretion are more transient than previously predicted. The high mobility of BTN in lipid droplets marks it as a potential mobile signaling molecule in milk . 相似文献
142.
We investigated the trophic position of the larval filter-feeding caddisfly species—Stenopsyche marmorata Navas in the Echi River (Japan) using δ13C and δ15N measurements by instar growth stage. We also analyzed δ13C and δ15N of food sources (periphyton and suspended and benthic POM) along the course of the river. The larvae showed some degree of spatial variation in δ13C and δ15N values with a downstream increase in δ13C and δ15N values. Our results demonstrate that the trophic structure of S. marmorata of different larval stages were spatially varying, depending on food sources. Small-sized instars displayed a higher trophic position than larger instars, confirming that their non-selective feeding behavior leads to consumption of items with high δ15N values according to the spatial distribution of food sources in the riverine system. 相似文献
143.
Shin Ae Park Christopher M. Reilly Joshua A. Wood Dai Jung Chung Danielle D. Carrade Sarah L. Deremer Rebecca L. Seraphin Kaitlin C. Clark Allison L. Zwingenberger Dori L. Borjesson Kei Hayashi Paul Russell Christopher J. Murphy 《Cytotherapy》2013,15(12):1498-1510
Background aimsMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied as a cellular therapeutic for various pathologic conditions. However, there remains a paucity of data regarding regional and systemic safety of MSC transplantations, particularly with multiple deliveries of allogeneic cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and systemic immunomodulatory effects of repeated local delivery of allogeneic MSCs into the region of the lacrimal gland, the gland of the third eyelid and the knee joint in dogs.MethodsAllogeneic adipose tissue-derived canine MSCs were delivered to the regions of the lacrimal gland and the third eyelid gland as well as in the knee joints of six healthy laboratory beagles as follows: six times with 1-week intervals for delivery to the lacrimal gland and the third eyelid gland regions and three to four times with 1- to 2-week intervals for intra-articular transplantations. Dogs were sequentially evaluated by clinical examination. At the conclusion of the study, dogs were humanely euthanized, and a complete gross and histopathologic examination of all organ systems was performed. Mixed leukocyte reactions were also performed before the first transplantation and after the final transplantation.ResultsClinical and pathologic examinations found no severe consequences after repeated MSC transplantations. Results of mixed leukocyte reactions demonstrated suppression of T-cell proliferation after MSC transplantations.ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate regional and systemic safety and systemic immunomodulatory effects of repeated local delivery of allogeneic MSCs in vivo. 相似文献
144.
Tih-Shih Lee Siau Juinn Alexa Goh Shin Yi Quek Rachel Phillips Cuntai Guan Yin Bun Cheung Lei Feng Stephanie Sze Wei Teng Chuan Chu Wang Zheng Yang Chin Haihong Zhang Tze Pin Ng Jimmy Lee Richard Keefe K. Ranga Rama Krishnan 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Cognitive decline in aging is a pressing issue associated with significant healthcare costs and deterioration in quality of life. Previously, we reported the successful use of a novel brain-computer interface (BCI) training system in improving symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Here, we examine the feasibility of the BCI system with a new game that incorporates memory training in improving memory and attention in a pilot sample of healthy elderly. This study investigates the safety, usability and acceptability of our BCI system to elderly, and obtains an efficacy estimate to warrant a phase III trial. Thirty-one healthy elderly were randomized into intervention (n = 15) and waitlist control arms (n = 16). Intervention consisted of an 8-week training comprising 24 half-hour sessions. A usability and acceptability questionnaire was administered at the end of training. Safety was investigated by querying users about adverse events after every session. Efficacy of the system was measured by the change of total score from the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) before and after training. Feedback on the usability and acceptability questionnaire was positive. No adverse events were reported for all participants across all sessions. Though the median difference in the RBANS change scores between arms was not statistically significant, an effect size of 0.6SD was obtained, which reflects potential clinical utility according to Simon’s randomized phase II trial design. Pooled data from both arms also showed that the median change in total scores pre and post-training was statistically significant (Mdn = 4.0; p<0.001). Specifically, there were significant improvements in immediate memory (p = 0.038), visuospatial/constructional (p = 0.014), attention (p = 0.039), and delayed memory (p<0.001) scores. Our BCI-based system shows promise in improving memory and attention in healthy elderly, and appears to be safe, user-friendly and acceptable to senior users. Given the efficacy signal, a phase III trial is warranted.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01661894相似文献145.
Seung Mi Lee Jeong Woo Park Byoung Jae Kim Chan-Wook Park Joong Shin Park Jong Kwan Jun Bo Hyun Yoon 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
Background
The objective of this study was to determine whether acute histologic chorioamnionitis is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes in late preterm infants who were born after preterm PROM.Methodology/Principal Findings
The relationship between the presence of acute histologic chorioamnionitis and adverse neonatal outcome was examined in patients with preterm PROM who delivered singleton preterm newborns between 34 weeks and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation. Nonparametric statistics were used for data analysis. The frequency of acute histologic chorioamnionitis was 24% in patients with preterm PROM who delivered preterm newborns between 34 weeks and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation. Newborns born to mothers with histologic chorioamnionitis had significantly higher rates of adverse neonatal outcome (74% vs 51%; p<0.005) than those without histologic chorioamnionitis. This relationship remained significant after adjustment for gestational age at preterm PROM, gestational age at delivery, and exposure to antenatal corticosteroids.Conclusions/Significance
The presence of acute histologic chorioamnionitis is associated with adverse neonatal outcome in late preterm infants born to mothers with preterm PROM. 相似文献146.
147.
Pengcheng Bu Kai-Yuan Chen Joyce Huan Chen Lihua Wang Jewell Walters Yong Jun Shin Julian P. Goerger Jian Sun Mavee Witherspoon Nikolai Rakhilin Jiahe Li Herman Yang Jeff Milsom Sang Lee Warren Zipfel Moonsoo M. Jin Zeynep H. Gümüş Steven M. Lipkin Xiling Shen 《Cell Stem Cell》2013,12(5):602-615
Highlights? miR-34a regulates colon cancer stem cell asymmetric division ? miR-34a generates a sharp threshold response ? miR-34a converts Notch signaling into a toggle switch ? Binary Notch levels specify self-renewal versus differentiation 相似文献
148.
149.
Byung-Im So Yi-Sun Song Cheng-Hu Fang Jun-Young Park Yonggu Lee Jeong Hun Shin Hyuck Kim Kyung-Soo Kim 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Background
The protective effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) have been demonstrated in a variety of renal disease models. However, the influence of G-CSF on diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains to be examined. In this study, we investigated the effect of G-CSF on DN and its possible mechanisms in a rat model.Methods
Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats with early DN were administered G-CSF or saline intraperitoneally. Urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), creatinine clearance, mesangial matrix expansion, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness, and podocyte foot process width (FPW) were measured. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and type IV collagen genes expression in kidney tissue were also evaluated. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying G-CSF effects, we also assessed the expression of G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) in glomeruli as well as mobilization of bone marrow (BM) cells to glomeruli using sex-mismatched BM transplantation.Results
After four weeks of treatment, UACR was lower in the G-CSF treatment group than in the saline group (p<0.05), as were mesangial matrix expansion, GBM thickness, and FPW (p<0.05). In addition, the expression of TGF-β1 and type IV collagen and IL-1β levels was lower in the G-CSF treatment group (p<0.05). G-CSFR was not present in glomerular cells, and G-CSF treatment increased the number of BM-derived cells in glomeruli (p<0.05).Conclusions
G-CSF can prevent the progression of DN in OLETF rats and its effects may be due to mobilization of BM cells rather than being a direct effect. 相似文献150.
Eunjung Lee Ki-Woong Jeong Areum Shin Bonghwan Jin Hum Nath Jnawali Bong-Hyun Jun Jee-Young Lee Yong-Seok Heo Yangmee Kim 《BMB reports》2013,46(12):594-599
The anti-inflammatory activity of eriodictyol and its mode of action were investigated. Eriodictyol suppressed tumor necrosis factor (mTNF)-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (miNOS), interleukin (mIL)-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (mMIP)-1, and mMIP-2 cytokine release in LPS-stimulated macrophages. We found that the anti-inflammatory cascade of eriodictyol is mediated through the Toll-like Receptor (TLR)4/CD14, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular-signalregulated kinase (ERK), Jun-N terminal kinase (JNK), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 pathway. Fluorescence quenching and saturation-transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments showed that eriodictyol exhibits good binding affinity to JNK, 8.79 × 105 M-1. Based on a docking study, we propose a model of eriodictyol and JNK binding, in which eriodictyol forms 3 hydrogen bonds with the side chains of Lys55, Met111, and Asp169 in JNK, and in which the hydroxyl groups of the B ring play key roles in binding interactions with JNK. Therefore, eriodictyol may be a potent anti-inflammatory inhibitor of JNK. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(12): 594-599] 相似文献