全文获取类型
收费全文 | 889篇 |
免费 | 73篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 25篇 |
2021年 | 36篇 |
2020年 | 34篇 |
2019年 | 34篇 |
2018年 | 52篇 |
2017年 | 25篇 |
2016年 | 34篇 |
2015年 | 41篇 |
2014年 | 59篇 |
2013年 | 60篇 |
2012年 | 63篇 |
2011年 | 77篇 |
2010年 | 32篇 |
2009年 | 32篇 |
2008年 | 29篇 |
2007年 | 22篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 26篇 |
2003年 | 27篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 5篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
1965年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有964条查询结果,搜索用时 297 毫秒
91.
Abdel Shakor AB Kwiatkowska K Sobota A 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2004,279(35):36778-36787
Despite the role of sphingolipid/cholesterol rafts as signaling platforms for Fcgamma receptor II (FcgammaRII), the mechanism governing translocation of an activated receptor toward the rafts is unknown. We show that at the onset of FcgammaRII cross-linking acid sphingomyelinase is rapidly activated. This enzyme is extruded from intracellular compartments to the cell surface, and concomitantly, exofacially oriented ceramide is produced. Both non-raft and, to a lesser extent, raft sphingomyelin pools were hydrolyzed at the onset of FcgammaRII cross-linking. The time course of ceramide production preceded the recruitment of FcgammaRII to rafts and the receptor phosphorylation. Exogenous C(16)-ceramide facilitated clustering of FcgammaRII and its association with rafts. In contrast, inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase diminished both the ceramide generation and clustering of cross-linked FcgammaRII. Under these conditions, tyrosine phosphorylation of FcgammaRII and receptor-accompanying proteins was also reduced. All the inhibitory effects were bypassed by treatment of cells with exogenous ceramide. These data provide evidence that the generation of cell surface ceramide is a prerequisite for fusion of cross-linked FcgammaRII and rafts, which triggers the receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and signaling. 相似文献
92.
Nadia Hanafy Metwally Magda Ahmed Abdalla Mosselhi Abdel Nabi Mosselhi Ebrahim Adel El-Desoky 《Carbohydrate research》2010,345(9):1135-2837
5-Arylidene-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinones 3a-f react with each of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-d-glucopyranosyl and α-d-galactopyranosyl bromides 4a,b in acetone in the presence of aqueous potassium hydroxide at room temperature to afford N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl) or N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-galactopyranosyl) 2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone derivatives 5a-f. Similarly, the reaction of 5-cycloalkylidene-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinones 7a,b with 4a gave the corresponding N-glucosides 8a,b. Also, 5-pyrazolidene rhodanines 10a-e react with 4a to afford the new N-glucosides 11a-e. Treatment of compounds 15 and 16 with 4a in the presence of few drops of triethylamine or in KOH solution accomplished the mono- and bis-nucleosides 17 and 18, respectively. Some selected products were tested for their antimicrobial activities. 相似文献
93.
The growth adaptability to increasing concentration of the biocide 2-phenoxyethanol (PE) was determined in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (P.a.) as part of efforts to understand and control the biocide tolerance and its effect on cross-resistance to other biocides
and resistance to antibiotics. After repeated subculturing in media containing increasing sub-minimum-inhibitory PE concentration,
P.a. exhibited an adaptive resistance indicated by two-fold increase in MIC at the 10th passage. The resistance was stable and
remained after passaging the strain in further 7 successive passages in PE-free growth media. The strain showed cross-resistance
towards dissimilar biocides and displayed increased susceptibility to antibiotics, which was not influenced by the presence
of the efflux inhibitor ‘carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone’. Outer membranes of adapted strain showed altered protein profile when examined by SDS-PAGE. 相似文献
94.
95.
Jordan T Römer P Meyer A Szczesny R Pierre M Piffanelli P Bendahmane A Bonas U Lahaye T 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2006,113(5):895-905
The pepper (Capsicum annuum) Bs3 gene confers resistance to avrBs3-expressing strains of the bacterial spot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. To physically delimit Bs3, a pepper YAC library was screened with two flanking DNA markers that are separated from Bs3 by 1.0 and 1.2 cM, respectively resulting in the identification of three YAC clones. Genetic mapping of the corresponding YACends revealed however, that these YACs do not cover Bs3 and subsequent screens with newly developed YACend markers failed to identify new YAC clones. Marker saturation at the Bs3 locus was carried out by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). The analysis of 1,024 primer combinations resulted in the identification of 47 new Bs3-linked AFLPs. High-resolution linkage mapping of Bs3 was accomplished by inspecting more than 4,000 F2 segregants resulting in a genetic resolution of 0.01 cM. Using tightly Bs3-linked YACend- and AFLP-derived markers we established a Bs3-spanning BAC contig and physically delimited the target gene within one BAC clone. The analysis of the Bs3-containing genomic region revealed substantial local variation in the correlation of genetic and physical distances. 相似文献
96.
Parallel corpora have become an essential resource for work in multi lingual natural language processing. However, sentence aligned parallel corpora are more efficient than non-aligned parallel corpora for cross language information retrieval and machine translation applications. In this paper, we present a new approach to align sentences in bilingual parallel corpora based on feed forward neural network classifier. A feature parameter vector is extracted from the text pair under consideration. This vector contains text features such as length, punctuate score, and cognate score values. A set of manually prepared training data has been assigned to train the feed forward neural network. Another set of data was used for testing. Using this new approach, we could achieve an error reduction of 60% over length based approach when applied on English-Arabic parallel documents. Moreover this new approach is valid for any language pair and it is quite flexible approach since the feature parameter vector may contain more/less or different features than that we used in our system such as lexical match feature. 相似文献
97.
Molecular Characterization of a Bacterial Consortium Enriched from an Oilfield that Degrades Phenanthrene 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Characterization of functional and phylogenetic genes was carried out on a bacterial consortium, enriched from a water treatment
system of an oilfield, that could use phenanthrene as the sole carbon source. The mixed culture degraded 130 mg phenanthrene l−1 in 16 days, which is significantly faster than previously reported pure cultures. The existence of catabolic genes (nahAc, C23O) in the mixed culture was quantitated by most probable number PCR. The plasmid encoding phenanthrene catabolic genes increased
relative to the chromosome genes. Heterogeneous bacteria were present according to both PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
and cloning methods, suggesting the possible existence of cooperation between different biochemical PAH-transforming pathways.
Revisions requested 15 December 2005; Revisions received 23 January 2006 相似文献
98.
Gene matching shows that Nischarin is a mouse homologue of human imidazoline receptor antisera-selective (IRAS) protein, a viable candidate of the imidazoline (I1) receptor. Nischarin and IRAS share the functions of enhancing cell survival, growth and migration. Bioinformatics modeling indicates that the IRAS and Nischarin may be transmembrane proteins and the convergence information raises the interesting possibility that Nischarin might serve as the I1-receptor. To test this hypothesis, we developed antibodies against the Nischarin protein, and conducted signal transduction (functional) studies with the I1-receptor agonist rilmenidine in the presence and absence of Nischarin antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). NIH3T3 cells transfected with the Nischarin cDNA and incubated with the newly synthesized antibody expressed a 190 kD band. The antibody identified endogenous Nischarin in differentiated PC12 cells around 210 kD, which is consistent with reported findings in other cells of neuronal origin. The immunoflourescence findings showed the targeted protein to be associated with the cell membrane in PC12 cells. Nischarin ODNs abolished the expression of Nischarin in PC12 cells. Equally important, the Nischarin ODNs eliminated the production of MAPK(p42/44), a recognized signal transduction product generated by I1-receptor activation in differentiated PC12 cells. Together, the present findings suggest that Nischarin may serve as the functional I1-receptor or at least share a common signaling pathway in the differentiated PC12 cells. 相似文献
99.
We have examined the timing of calling behavior in the female Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis and its modification by exposure to sex pheromone. The calling rhythm of the female moth was found to be circadian, persistent for at least 4 days once it has been entrained, and could be phase shifted by altering the light:dark regime. We also found that female exposure to pheromone affected the rate and duration of calling. A brief exposure to pheromone gland extract increased the proportion of females calling in a constant dim light and this effect persisted for at least 2 days. In response to pheromone exposure, significantly more females also called late into scotophase when most unexposed control females had ceased calling. The adaptive significance of responding to conspecific sex pheromone is discussed. 相似文献
100.
Abdel Moneim AE 《Biological trace element research》2012,148(3):363-370
Lead remains a considerable occupational and public health problem, which is known to cause a number of adverse effects in both man and animals. Here, the neuroprotective effect of flaxseed oil (1,000 mg/kg) on lead acetate (20 mg/kg) induced alternation in monoamines and brain oxidative stress was examined in rats. The levels of lead, dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), lipid peroxidation, nitrite/nitrate (NO), and glutathione (GSH) were determined; also, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase were estimated on different brain regions of adult male albino rats. The level of lead was markedly elevated in different brain regions of rats. This leads to enhancement of lipid peroxidation and NO production in brain with concomitant reduction in AChE activity and GSH level. In addition, the levels of DA, NE, and 5-HT were decreased in the brain. These findings were associated with BAX over expression. Treatment of rats with flaxseed oil induced a marked improvement in most of the studied parameters as well as the immunohistochemistry features. These data indicated that dietary flaxseed oil provide protection against lead-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxic effects. 相似文献