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61.
Xiao-yan Ding Wallace L. McKeehan Jianming Xu Horst Grunz 《Development genes and evolution》1992,201(6):334-339
Summary Mesoderm formation is a result of cell-cell interactions between the vegetal and animal hemisphere and is thought to be mediated by inducing peptide growth factors including members of the FGF and TGF superfamilies. Our immunochemical study analyses the distribution of FGF receptors coded by the human flg gene during embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis. Immunostaining was detected in the dorsal and ventral ectoderm and also in the marginal zone of early cleavage, blastula and gastrula stages. Signals were very strong in the mid and late blastula (stage 8 and 9) and declined slightly in the early gastrula (stage 10). A dramatic decrease was observed up to the late gastrula (stage 11+). In stage 13 embryos, immunostaining was only found in cells around the blastopore. Isolated ectoderm cultured in vitro showed a similar temporal expression and decrease of the signal as the normal embryos. These results indicate that receptor expression is independent of the interaction of the animal cells with the vegetal part of the embryo. Of interest is the fact that the signal cannot only be found at or near the cell surface but also within the cell. This suggests the presence of an intracellular isoform of the receptor resulting from the endogenous expression of splice variants and the internalization of transmembrane receptor. Taken together our results suggest that the loss of competence (for bFGF around stage 10) is not directly correlated with the presence of receptors. The possible roles of heparan sulphate glucosaminoglycans (low affinity receptors) and control mechanisms in the intracellular signalling pathway downstream of the receptor level should be taken into consideration. 相似文献
62.
63.
用免疫细胞化学技术观察了单眼剥夺后金黄地鼠视觉中枢GABA神经元分布的变化。结果表明:单眼剥夺后,金黄地鼠视皮层和上丘的GABA阳性神经元暂时性增多,但剥夺后六个月,其数目显著减少。在单眼剥夺前和剥夺后侧膝体中GABA阳性神经元数目没有明显差异。剥夺眼对侧视皮层GABA阳性神经元数比剥夺眼同侧视皮层GABA神经元数目少。单眼剥夺后视觉中枢GABA神经元类型及形态与剥夺前没有差别。晚期单眼剥夺也能引起视觉中枢GABA神经元数量和分布的变化。以上结果表明,单眼剥夺后视觉中枢抑制神经元的结构发生了变化。 相似文献
64.
65.
从石灰菌(Lactarius hysginus Fr.)提取物的中性部分,分离得到六个化合物,经物理常数和光谱分析,鉴定为麦角甾醇(A)、硬脂酸甲脂(B)、N-苯基-2-萘胺(C)、24E-麦角甾7,22-二烯-6-酮一3β,5α-二醇(D)、庚酰胺(E)、24E-麦角甾-7.22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(F),其中化合物D作为天然产物尚未见文献报道。 相似文献
66.
Ding W. Wu John G. Duman Chi-Hing C. Cheng Francis J. Castellino 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1991,161(3):271-278
Summary Four antifreeze proteins (AFPs) were purified from larvae of the beetle Dendroides canadensis. The AFPs are similar in amino acid compositions, having high contents of hydrophilic amino acids (45–55 mol%) and cysteine (16 mol% Cys). Approximately half of the Cys residues form disulfide bridges, and both the disulfide bridges and free sulfhydryls are essential for activity. The N-terminals of the AFPs are blocked. The pH optimum of the AFPs is 7.8, but major loss of activity occurred only at very high pH (12.0). The detergents SDS and Triton X-100 did not inactivate the AFPs. Circular dichroism spectra indicate the presence of both and secondary structures in the AFPs, in addition to a large random structure component.Abbreviations
AFP
antifreeze protein
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CD
circular dichroism
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DTT
dithiothreitol
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HPLC
high pressure liquid chromatography
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PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
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PAS
periodic acid Schiff
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SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
-
TFA
trifluoroacetic acid 相似文献
67.
Ding Wen Wu John G. Duman 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1991,161(3):279-283
Summary Purified antifreeze proteins (AFPs) from the larvae of the beetle Dendroides canadensis do not produce the high levels of antifreeze activity seen in the hemolymph of overwintering larvae, even when the purified AFPs are assayed at very high concentrations. However, addition of certain proteins or agar (at concentrations sufficiently low that the gel state does not result) to the Dendroides AFP resulted in a 2–3-fold increase in activity. A 70-kDa protein with AFP-activating capabilities was purified from Dendroides larvae. Addition of this endogenous activator protein to a 4 mg·ml-1 solution of AFP increased the activity of the AFPs to values comparable to those of the hemolymph of overwintering larvae. Data derived from a modified immunoblot technique demonstrate that the activators bind to the AFP, or vice versa. Formation of this association must allow the AFP to block ice crystal growth by binding to the surface of potential seed crystals in the normal fashion. However, because the AFP-activator complex is much larger than the AFP alone, the complex probably blocks a greater surface area of the crystal and is thus a more efficient antifreeze.Abbreviations
AFP
antifreeze protein
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BSA
bovine serum albumine
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DEAE
diethylaminoethyl
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Ig
immunoglubolin
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LPIN
lipoprotein ice nucleator
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PIN
protein ice nucleator
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SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
-
PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
-
TH
thermal hysteresis 相似文献
68.
69.
70.
Conformation of the second disulfide loop in human transforming growth factor-alpha studied by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The determination of the conformation of a cyclic heptadecapeptide derived from the second loop of human transforming growth factor-α, [Ala21]-hTGF-α-(16–32), is described. Two-dimensional homonuclear Hartmann–Hahn and rotating-frame cross-relaxation spectroscopy in H2O were used to obtain the complete proton resonance assignments and the necessary distance constraints between nonbonded hydrogen atoms to derive a conformation without involving any energy minimization. The result is an ellipsoidal-shaped structure with a turn at Gly19 and a bend formed by residues 26–29, Gln-Glu-Asp-Lys. Comparison is made with the second loop of human epidermal growth factor and the results are discussed in terms of receptor binding and biological activity. 相似文献