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Background
Helminth infections are proposed to have immunomodulatory activities affecting health outcomes either detrimentally or beneficially. We evaluated the effects of albendazole treatment, every three months for 21 months, on STH, malarial parasitemia and allergy.Methods and Findings
A household-based cluster-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in an area in Indonesia endemic for STH. Using computer-aided block randomization, 481 households (2022 subjects) and 473 households (1982 subjects) were assigned to receive placebo and albendazole, respectively, every three months. The treatment code was concealed from trial investigators and participants. Malarial parasitemia and malaria-like symptoms were assessed in participants older than four years of age while skin prick test (SPT) to allergens as well as reported symptoms of allergy in children aged 5–15 years. The general impact of treatment on STH prevalence and body mass index (BMI) was evaluated. Primary outcomes were prevalence of malarial parasitemia and SPT to any allergen. Analysis was by intention to treat. At 9 and 21 months post-treatment 80.8% and 80.1% of the study subjects were retained, respectively. The intensive treatment regiment resulted in a reduction in the prevalence of STH by 48% in albendazole and 9% in placebo group. Albendazole treatment led to a transient increase in malarial parasitemia at 6 months post treatment (OR 4.16(1.35–12.80)) and no statistically significant increase in SPT reactivity (OR 1.18(0.74–1.86) at 9 months or 1.37 (0.93–2.01) 21 months). No effect of anthelminthic treatment was found on BMI, reported malaria-like- and allergy symptoms. No adverse effects were reported.Conclusions
The study indicates that intensive community treatment of 3 monthly albendazole administration for 21 months over two years leads to a reduction in STH. This degree of reduction appears safe without any increased risk of malaria or allergies.Trial Registration
Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN83830814 相似文献The current study focused on improving the production of phenolic acids in the Woodland Sage cell suspension culture (CSC) through attaining high-yielding cell lines and carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) elicitation. The leaf-derived callus was irradiated at different doses of gamma irradiation 10 to 100 Gy. The maximum content of rosmarinic acid (RA), salvianolic acid B (SAB), ferulic acid (FA), and cinnamic acid (CA) was recorded in callus cultures irradiated with 70 Gy, which was 18.53, 5.21, 1.9, and 7.59 mg/g DW, respectively. The CSC that established from 70 Gy γ-irradiated calli accumulated 1.7-fold RA more higher irradiated callus culture. The CSC elicited with various concentrations of MWCNT-COOH in range 25 to 100 mg/l significantly increased fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and phenolic acid contents of cells. The highest FW with 268.47 g/l and DW with 22.17 g/l was obtained in 100 mg/l MWCNT-COOH treatment. The RA, SAB, CA and FA content of CSC treated with 100 mg/l MWCNT-COOH were 13-fold, 14.2-fold, 20-fold, and 3- fold higher than wild S. nemorosa plant at flowering stage, respectively. The antioxidant activity of cultures significantly enhanced with both gamma and MWCNT-COOH based on DPPH and FRAP assay. Our results showed that the combination of cell line selection and MWCNT-COOH elicitation significantly improved the production of secondary metabolites in Woodland Sage, which is useful for large-scale production of phenolic compounds.
相似文献Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is known as an aggressive glial neoplasm. Recently incorporation of mesenchymal stem cells with anti-tumor drugs have been used due to lack of immunological responses and their easy accessibility. In this study, we have investigated the anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity of atorvastatin (Ator) in combination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. The MSCs isolated from rats and characterized for their multi-potency features. The anti-proliferative and migration inhibition of Ator and MSCs were evaluated by MTT and scratch migration assays. The annexin/PI percentage and cell cycle arrest of treated C6 cells were evaluated until 72 h incubation. The animal model was established via injection of C6 cells in the brain of rats and subsequent injection of Ator each 3 days and single injection of MSCs until 12 days. The growth rate, migrational phenotype and cell cycle progression of C6 cells decreased and inhibited by the interplay of different factors in the presence of Ator and MSCs. The effect of Ator and MSCs on animal models displayed a significant reduction in tumor size and weight. Furthermore, histopathology evaluation proved low hypercellularity and mitosis index as well as mild invasive tumor cells for perivascular cuffing without pseudopalisading necrosis and small delicate vessels in Ator?+?MSCs condition. In summary, Ator and MSCs delivery to GBM model provides an effective strategy for targeted therapy of brain tumor.
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