全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4448篇 |
免费 | 285篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
4743篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 11篇 |
2023年 | 47篇 |
2022年 | 136篇 |
2021年 | 182篇 |
2020年 | 191篇 |
2019年 | 311篇 |
2018年 | 255篇 |
2017年 | 175篇 |
2016年 | 211篇 |
2015年 | 220篇 |
2014年 | 295篇 |
2013年 | 393篇 |
2012年 | 409篇 |
2011年 | 362篇 |
2010年 | 205篇 |
2009年 | 164篇 |
2008年 | 176篇 |
2007年 | 211篇 |
2006年 | 155篇 |
2005年 | 122篇 |
2004年 | 93篇 |
2003年 | 108篇 |
2002年 | 90篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 19篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1961年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有4743条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Heidari Reza Farajzadeh Sheikh Ahmad Hashemzadeh Mohammad Farshadzadeh Zahra Salmanzadeh Shokrollah Saki Morteza 《Molecular biology reports》2022,49(5):3811-3822
Molecular Biology Reports - This study was aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and genetic diversity of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) strains... 相似文献
992.
Essential Oil and Bioactive Compounds Variation in Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) as Affected by Seasonal Variation and Salt Stress 下载免费PDF全文
Zeinab Vafadar Shoshtari Mehdi Rahimmalek Mohammad Reza Sabzalian Hossein Hosseini 《化学与生物多样性》2017,14(4)
The effect of different NaCl concentrations (control, 2, 4 and 6 dS/m) and three harvesting times in different seasons including spring (9 April), summer (5 July), and fall (23 September) was evaluated on essential oil (EO) yield, composition, phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of myrtle. Essential oil yield ranged from 0.2% in control and fall to 1.6% in moderate salinity (4 dS/m) and spring season. The main constituents obtained from gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis were α‐pinene, 1,8‐cineole, limonene, linalool, α‐terpineol, and linalyl acetate in which α‐pinene ranged from 11.70% in moderate and fall to 30.99% in low salinity (2 dS/m) and spring, while 1,8‐cineole varied from 7.42% in high salinity (6 dS/m) and summer to 15.45% in low salinity and spring, respectively. Salt stress also resulted in an increase in total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity based on DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power (FTC) and β‐carotene/linoleic acid model systems was found in plants harvested in spring and summer in high stress condition. The lowest IC50 values obtained in 6 dS/m in spring (375.23 μg/ml) followed by summer (249.41 μg/ml) and fall (618.38 μg/ml). Eight major phenolic and flavonoid compounds were determined in three harvesting times using high performance liquid chromatography analysis. In overall, late harvesting time of myrtle in fall can lead to reduce the most of major EO components, while it can improve the amount of phenolic acids. 相似文献
993.
Hosseini PR 《The American naturalist》2003,161(4):567-585
Predator-prey theory began with aspatial models that assumed organisms interacted as if they were "well-mixed" particles that obey the laws of mass action, but it has become clear that both the spatial and individual nature of many organisms can change how the dynamics of such systems function. Here I examine how localized consumption of prey by predators changes the dynamics of predator-prey systems; I use an individual-based simulation of the Rosenzweig-MacArthur model in implicit space and its mean-field approximation. In combination with limited movement, localized consumption makes the predator-prey dynamics more stable than the comparable "well-mixed" Rosenzweig-MacArthur model. Using a spatial correlation, one can directly compare a simplified version of the individual-based model with the Rosenzweig-MacArthur model. While this comparison allows the changes in the dynamics to be captured by the "well-mixed" Rosenzweig-MacArthur model, the parameters of the functional response are now dependent on the movement parameters, and so the functional response must be estimated statistically from the dynamics of the individual-based model. Yet this implies that aspatial models may work in a scale-specific fashion for spatial systems. Unlike many recent spatial models, the localized consumption and limited movement in the model presented here cannot produce coherent spatial patterns and do not depend on a patchy structure, as found in metapopulation models. Instead, the individual nature of the interactions creates a diffusion-limited reaction, which appears closer to a form of ephemeral refuge. 相似文献
994.
995.
Hamid A. Dirar 《Economic botany》1984,38(3):342-349
The green leaves ofCassia obtusifolia are fermented to produce a food product, kawal, used by certain tribes of Sudan as a meat substitute. Following fermentation for 2 wk the product is sundried and used when needed. Protein content of kawal is about 20% on dry matter basis. Two microorganisms are most commonly recovered from fermenting as well as dried kawal: the bacteriumBacillus subtilis and a species of the fungusRhizopus. Other uses of the plant are discussed. 相似文献
996.
997.
A Double-Embedding Technique for Thin Tissue Membranes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A new double-embedding technique for thin tissue membranes is presented. This technique is useful for thin membranes such as mesenteric membranes from rodents, which usually measure only 10 μm in thickness. Several membranes are fixed and mounted on four needles located at the bottom of a plastic box. The box is filled with agarose at 50 C and then allowed to solidify. The agarose block is then removed, dehydrated in alcohol, cleared with Histo Petrol (isoparaffin hydrocarbons), permeated with paraffin and sectioned. The morphology is comparable to that obtained with methacrylate plastic embedding but is less time-consuming, less hazardous since no plastic hardener and activator are used and makes immunohistochemical studies easier. 相似文献
998.
We evaluated short-term movements of three radio-collared binturongs in relation to food distribution in Bornean rainforests, in addition to the basic ecological information on their home-range size and diet. Mean 95% fixed kernel and 95% MCP home-range size were 4.24?±?0.79 km2 and 1.54?±?0.89 km2, respectively (mean ± SD). We recorded 13 fig Ficus species and four non-fig species as their foods. Fig trees accounted for 87.5% of the feeding sites of the three collared binturongs, and 87.9% including uncollared individuals. Our results suggested that binturongs’ short-term movements were strongly affected by food distribution, especially figs. They feed on various fig species and may remember the location and fruiting periods of fig trees. They may use the biggest fig species, F. punctata, as a fallback food when other foods are scarce. Although this is the first systematic study to describe movement and feeding habits of binturongs, further studies are needed to understand their ecology so that proper measures can be designed for their conservation. 相似文献
999.
Fatemeh Heidari Mahmoud Reza Aghamiri Farideh Zakeri Zeinab Shariatmadari Tomáš Hauer 《International journal of phytoremediation》2018,20(4):369-377
Biomass-based decontamination methods are among the most interesting water treatment techniques. In this study, 2 cyanobacterial strains, Nostoc punctiforme A.S/S4 and Chroococcidiopsis thermalis S.M/S9, isolated from hot springs containing high concentrations of radium (226Ra), were studied to be associated with removal of radionuclides (238U and 226Ra) and heavy metal cadmium (Cd) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption equilibrium data was described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Kinetic studies indicated that the sorption of 3 metals followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Effects of biomass concentration, pH, contact time, and initial metal concentration on adsorption were also investigated. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed active binding sites on the cyanobacterial biomass. The obtained maximum biosorption capacities were 630 mg g?1 and 37 kBq g?1 for 238U and 226Ra for N. punctiforme and 730 mg g?1 and 55 kBq g?1 for C. thermalis. These 2 strains showed maximum binding capacity 160 and 225 mg g?1, respectively for Cd adsorption. These results suggest that radioactivity resistant cyanobacteria could be employed as an efficient adsorbent for decontamination of multi-component, radioactive and industrial wastewater. 相似文献
1000.
Ferdos Kord Mostafapour Jalil Jaafari Hamed Gharibi Mohammad Reza Sepand Mohammad Hoseini Davoud Balarak 《人类与生态风险评估》2018,24(4):1016-1029
A campaign was conducted to assess the PM1 concentration and elemental composition on the platforms and adjacent outdoor areas of an underground subway station (Imam Khomeini) and a surface subway station (Sadeghiye) in Tehran from June 2014 to November 2014. The respective mean concentrations of PM1 on the platforms and in the outdoor areas of Imam Khomeini station were 42.04 and 30.92 µg/m3 and for Sadeghiye station 31.42 and 26.02 µg/m3. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the platforms of the Imam Khomeini and Sadeghiye stations were influenced by the adjacent ambient air of these stations (p < 0.05). PM1 was found to be highly enriched with Fe on the platforms of metro systems, which were more frequently encountered in the Imam Khomeini station than the Sadeghiye station as 41.06% and 37.73% of the total PM1 mass respectively. Minor elements, particularly Ba, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, Ti, V, and Zn, were elevated for the platform of Imam Khomeini and, to a lesser degree, the platform of Sadeghiye stations, which may be due to abrasion processes between rail tracks, wheels, and brake pads. 相似文献