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161.
Onychomycosis is a common adult human mycosis, and dermatophytes of the Trichophyton genera are the most frequently isolated microorganism. Globally, from 3% to 10% of the human population is attacked by ony cho mycosis, and many cases involve toenails. The aim of this work was to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antifungal drugs (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine, and griseofulvin) often used for the treatment of ungueal dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The MICs were determined by the broth medium macrodilution method. The results showed that activities of terbinafine and itraconazole were significantly higher (MIC <0.007-0.015 microg.mL -1 and MIC = 0.062-1.000 microg.mL -1, respectively). All isolates had reduced susceptibility to fluconazole (MIC = 16 to >64 microg.mL -1). The MICs of ketoconazole and griseofulvin varied among strains, ranging from 0.125 to 2.000 microg.mL -1 for ketoconazole and from 0.25 to 2.00 microg.mL -1 for griseofulvin. These MICs were higher than those of other studies cited, possibly because of differences in culture medium used in the other studies. 相似文献
162.
Cecconi D Donadelli M Scarpa A Milli A Palmieri M Hamdan M Areces LB Rappsilber J Righetti PG 《Journal of proteome research》2005,4(6):1909-1916
The human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line T3M4 has been treated with two agents, gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine, a drug interfering with DNA synthesis) and trichostatin A (a drug interfering with histone acetylation), both separately and in association. The association of the two drugs showed a marked cooperative effect in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of the cells. In an effort to identify differentially expressed proteins in the different drug treatments, the proteomic expression has been studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis comparing untreated cells with cells treated with trichostatin A and/or gemcitabine. A total of 81 differentially expressed polypeptide chains have been visualized by setting a 2.5-fold threshold value. Of these, 56 were identified via MALDI-TOF and Q-TOF MS analyses. Most of the regulated proteins are involved in two major biological processes, namely apoptotic cell death and proliferation. Our results demonstrate that the level of activation/repression of the proteins involved in these processes correlates with the growth inhibition and the apoptotic response of the cells subjected to single or combined drug treatment. 相似文献
163.
The ability of particular cell surface glycoproteins to recycle and become
exposed to individual Golgi enzymes has been demonstrated. This study was
designed to determine whether endocytic trafficking includes significant
reentry into the overall oligosaccharide processing pathway. The Lec1
mutant of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells lack N -
acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GlcNAc-TI) activity resulting in surface
expression of incompletely processed Man5GlcNAc2 N -linked
oligosaccharides. An oligosaccharide tracer was created by exoglycosylation
of cell surface glycoproteins with purified porcine GlcNAc-TI and
UDP-[3H]GlcNAc. Upon reculturing, all cell surface glycoproteins that
acquired [3H]GlcNAc were acted upon by intracellular mannosidase II, the
next enzyme in the Golgi processing pathway of complex N -linked
oligosaccharides (t1/2= 3-4 h). That all radiolabeled cell surface
glycoproteins were included in this endocytic pathway indicates a common
intracellular compartment into which endocytosed cell surface glycoproteins
return. Significantly, no evidence was found for continued oligosaccharide
processing consistent with transit through the latter cisternae of the
Golgi apparatus. These data indicate that, although recycling plasma
membrane glycoproteins can be reexposed to individual Golgi-derived
enzymes, significant reentry into the overall contiguous processing pathway
is not evident.
相似文献
164.
In the current model for Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-Dol assembly, Man5GlcNAc2-
P-P-Dol, Man-P-Dol, and Glc-P-Dol are synthesized on the cytoplasmic face
of the ER and diffuse transversely to the lumenal leaflet where the
synthesis of the lipid-bound precursor oligosaccharide is completed. To
establish the topological sites of Glc-P-Dol synthesis and the
lipid-mediated glucosyltransfer reactions involved in
Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-Dol synthesis in ER vesicles from pig brain, the
trypsin-sensitivity of Glc-P-Dol synthase activity and the Glc-P-
Dol:Glc0-2Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-Dol glucosyltransferases (GlcTases) was examined
in sealed microsomal vesicles. Since ER vesicles from brain do not contain
glucose 6-phosphate (Glc 6-P) phosphatase activity, the latency of the
lumenally oriented, processing glucosidase I/II activities was used to
assess the intactness of the vesicle preparations. Comparative enzymatic
studies with sealed ER vesicles from brain and kidney, a tissue that
contains Glc 6-P phosphatase, demonstrate the reliability of using the
processing glucosidase activities as latency markers for topological
studies with microsomal vesicles from non-gluconeogenic tissues lacking Glc
6-P phosphatase. The results obtained from the trypsin-sensitivity assays
with sealed microsomal vesicles from brain are consistent with a
topological model in which Glc-P-Dol is synthesized on the cytoplasmic face
of the ER, and subsequently utilized by the three Glc-P-Dol-mediated
GlcTases after "flip-flopping" to the lumenal monolayer.
相似文献
165.
Yeast cells of five strains of Sporothrix schenckii were obtained for partial analysis of lipid composition. Quantitative analysis of lipids and sterols were completed, as well as qualitative analysis of sterols by thin layer chromatography and by ultraviolet spectra. These determinations were made on cells cultured in the absence and presence of amphotericin B at sub-MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) levels. Marked alterations in lipid content were observed in the amphotericin B-treated cells. The major alterations were the reduction of total lipid (18.7–57.6%) and sterols (48.5–96.7%) after exposure to the polyenic antibiotic. It is concluded that amphotericin B altered the lipid profiles, especially sterols of S. schenckii. 相似文献
166.
Despite its broad-spectrum antifungal properties, voriconazole has many side effects when administered systemically. The aim of this work was to develop an ethosomal topical delivery system for voriconazole and test its potential to enhance the antifungal properties and skin delivery of the drug. Voriconazole was encapsulated into various ethosomal preparations and the effect of phospholipid and ethanol concentrations on the ethosomes properties were evaluated. The ethosomes were evaluated for drug encapsulation efficiency, particle size and morphology and antifungal efficacy. Drug permeability and deposition were tested in rat abdominal skin. Drug encapsulation efficiency of up to 46% was obtained and it increased with increasing the phospholipid concentration, whereas the opposite effect was observed for the ethanol concentration. The ethosomes had a size of 420–600?nm and negative zeta potential. The particle size of the ethosomes increased by increasing their ethanol content. The ethosomes achieved similar inhibition zones against Aspergillus flavus at a 2-fold lower drug concentration compared with drug solution in dimethyl sulfoxide. The ex vivo drug permeability through rat abdominal skin was ~6-fold higher for the ethosomes compared with the drug hydroalcoholic solution. Similarly, the amount of drug deposited in the skin was higher for the ethosomes and was dependent on the ethanol concentration of the ethosomes. These results confirm that voriconazole ethosomal preparations are promising topical delivery systems that can enhance the drug antifungal efficacy and improve its skin delivery. 相似文献
167.
168.
Technical comment on Boersma et al. (2016) Temperature driven changes in the diet preference of omnivorous copepods: no more meat when it's hot? Ecology Letters, 19, 45–53
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Monika Winder Alfred Burian Michael R Landry David JS Montagnes Jens M. Nielsen 《Ecology letters》2016,19(11):1389-1391
A recent study concluded that omnivorous plankton will shift from predatory to herbivorous feeding with climate warming, as consumers require increased carbon:phosphorous in their food. Although this is an appealing hypothesis, we suggest the conclusion is unfounded, based on the data presented, which seem in places questionable and poorly interpreted. 相似文献
169.
170.
Mami Yamashita Jian Xu Daisuke Morokuma Kazuma Hirata Masato Hino Hiroaki Mon Masateru Takahashi Samir M. Hamdan Kosuke Sakashita Kazuhiro Iiyama Yutaka Banno Takahiro Kusakabe Jae Man Lee 《Molecular biotechnology》2017,59(6):221-233
The KOD DNA polymerase from Thermococcus kodakarensis (Tkod-Pol) has been preferred for PCR due to its rapid elongation rate, extreme thermostability and outstanding fidelity. Here in this study, we utilized silkworm-baculovirus expression vector system (silkworm-BEVS) to express the recombinant Tkod-Pol (rKOD) with N-terminal (rKOD-N) or C-terminal (rKOD-C) tandem fusion tags. By using BEVS, we produced functional rKODs with satisfactory yields, about 1.1 mg/larva for rKOD-N and 0.25 mg/larva for rKOD-C, respectively. Interestingly, we found that rKOD-C shows higher thermostability at 95 °C than that of rKOD-N, while that rKOD-N is significantly unstable after exposing to long period of heat-shock. We also assessed the polymerase activity as well as the fidelity of purified rKODs under various conditions. Compared with commercially available rKOD, which is expressed in E. coli expression system, rKOD-C exhibited almost the same PCR performance as the commercial rKOD did, while rKOD-N did lower performance. Taken together, our results suggested that silkworm-BEVS can be used to express and purify efficient rKOD in a commercial way. 相似文献