动物组织中磺胺二甲嘧啶残留ELISA试剂盒研制

采用重氮化法和戊二醛法,将磺胺二甲嘧啶分别与牛血清白蛋白和辣根过氧化物酶偶联制备了免疫原和酶标半抗原,免疫兔获得了特异性抗体,成功建立了相关动物产品中磺胺二甲嘧啶残留ELISA定量检测方法及商品化试剂盒,并对试剂盒的灵敏度、准确度、精密度和稳定性进行了研究。试剂盒检测线性范围为62.5~0.54 ng/mL。在待测样品中各添加500、200、100、50 ng/g SMZ,测试的回收率平均为89.0%~134.8%;试剂盒测定结果与色谱的平均符合率99.8%~126.0%;对比定性测试15份色谱检测为阴性的样品,均未出现假阳性。试剂盒存放在37℃10 d和2~8℃5个月,质量稳定。     

The role of chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase in protection of tobacco plant against heat stress

The environmental temperature is one of the mainfactors affecting plant growth and development. Insummer, plants are frequently influenced by hightemperature. In recent years, global temperature wasremarkably elevated accompanied with the climaticchanges,…     

超声激活血卟啉对S180 肿瘤细胞表面EGFR 表达量的影响

目的：探讨超声激活血卟啉处理S180肿瘤细胞后膜表面EGFR表达量的变化。方法：将腹水瘤细胞随机分为四组,U组和UH组细胞分别于频率1．8MHz、2．0W／cm^2的超声装置中照射3min,并分别在1h3h5h后取材,应用免疫组化方法在光镜下观察EGFR的表达情况。结果：1h、3h取材,U组和UH组平均光密度值明显低于Cr组和H组,UH组最低。而5h取材时,UH组平均光密度值显著下降,其它组基本无变化。结论：提示在高频低强度处理下,随着时间的延长,超声激活HpD对EGFR的抑制作用增加,显示可能是基因调控使EGFR表达下调,从而使肿瘤细胞增殖减慢。     

家蚕细胞色素P450基因Bmcyp6u1的克隆、序列分析与表达谱

细胞色素P450第6亚家族基因为昆虫所特有,与抗性相关。为了检测家蚕Bombyx mori cyp6u1基因是否与耐氟性相关,首先克隆了cyp6u1基因。采用生物信息学方法获得与黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster cyp6u1基因同源的家蚕B. mori cyp6u1基因序列, 预测该序列的开放阅读框（ORF）为1 476 bp, 编码491个氨基酸, 推定的蛋白质分子质量为56.15 kD, 等电点为9.23。以家蚕5龄第3天幼虫精巢cDNA为模板, 设计特异引物PCR扩增出一条约1 500 bp的条带, 大小与家蚕cyp6u1序列的ORF预测值接近, 命名为Bmcyp6u1基因（GenBank登录号：HM130560）。同源性分析表明, Bmcyp6u1基因与蜜蜂Apis mellifera的同源基因cyp6AS13的相似性为56%, 与拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana的cyp72A82的相似性为48%, 与人Homo sapiens的cyp3A7基因的相似性为50%。芯片数据分析表明, Bmcyp6u1基因在家蚕5龄第3天幼虫各组织表达量很低, 只在精巢组织(5龄第3天)稍有表达, 推测该基因具有组织特异性。     

Self-limitation of Th1-mediated inflammation by IFN-gamma

IFN-gamma is an effector cytokine of cell-mediated immunity that plays an essential role in both innate and adaptive phases of an immune response. Interestingly, in several Th1-dependent autoimmune models, lack of IFN-gamma is associated with an acceleration of disease. To distinguish the influence of IFN-gamma on the polarization of naive precursors from the influence on effector cells, we used an adoptive transfer model of differentiated Ag-specific Th1 cells. In this study, IFN-gamma displayed a dual function in a Th1-dependent immune reaction. In the early phase, IFN-gamma accelerated the inflammation, whereas in the late phase it mediated the process of self-limitation. We demonstrated that IFN-gamma limits the number of Th1 effector cells after Ag challenge. Studies using IFN-gammaR-/- mice as recipients showed that IFN-gamma acts indirectly via host cells to regulate the pool size of Th1 cells. NO was a downstream effector molecule. Transfer experiments of Th1 cells into IFN-gamma-/- mice revealed that Th1 cells control both themselves and the corresponding inflammation by the release of IFN-gamma. Thus, the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma can act as a negative feedback regulator to control Th1-mediated immune responses.     

Deficiency of functional mannose-binding lectin is not associated with infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Infection imposes a serious burden on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The increased infection rate in SLE patients has been attributed in part to defects of immune defence. Recently, the lectin pathway of complement activation has also been suggested to play a role in the occurrence of infections in SLE. In previous studies, SLE patients homozygous for mannose-binding lectin (MBL) variant alleles were at an increased risk of acquiring serious infections in comparison with patients who were heterozygous or homozygous for the normal allele. This association suggests a correlation between functional MBL level and occurrence of infections in SLE patients. We therefore investigated the biological activity of MBL and its relationship with the occurrence of infections in patients with SLE. Demographic and clinical data were collected in 103 patients with SLE. Functional MBL serum levels and MBL-induced C4 deposition were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using mannan as coat and an MBL- or C4b-specific monoclonal antibody. The complete MBL-dependent pathway activity was determined by using an assay that measures the complete MBL pathway activity in serum, starting with binding of MBL to mannan, and was detected with a specific monoclonal antibody against C5b-9. Charts were systematically reviewed to obtain information on documented infections since diagnosis of SLE. Major infections were defined as infections requiring hospital admission and intravenous administration of antibiotics. In total, 115 infections since diagnosis of lupus, including 42 major infections, were documented in the 103 SLE patients (mean age 41 +/- 13 years, mean disease duration 7 +/- 4 years). The percentage of SLE patients with severe MBL deficiency was similar to that in 100 healthy controls: 13% versus 14%, respectively. Although deposition of C4 to mannan and MBL pathway activity were reduced in 21% and 43% of 103 SLE patients, respectively, neither functional MBL serum levels nor MBL pathway activity was associated with infections or major infections in regression analyses. In conclusion, SLE patients frequently suffer from infections, but deficiency of functional MBL does not confer additional risk.     

The potential of aspen clonal forestry in alberta: breeding regions and estimates of genetic gain from selection

Background

Aspen naturally grows in large, single-species, even-aged stands that regenerate clonally after fire disturbance. This offers an opportunity for an intensive clonal forestry system that closely emulates the natural life history of the species. In this paper, we assess the potential of genetic tree improvement and clonal deployment to enhance the productivity of aspen forests in Alberta. We further investigate geographic patterns of genetic variation in aspen and infer forest management strategies under uncertain future climates.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Genetic variation among 242 clones from Alberta was evaluated in 13 common garden trials after 5–8 growing seasons in the field. Broad-sense heritabilities for height and diameter at breast height (DBH) ranged from 0.36 to 0.64, allowing 5–15% genetic gains in height and 9–34% genetic gains in DBH. Geographic partitioning of genetic variance revealed predominant latitudinal genetic differentiation. We further observed that northward movement of clones almost always resulted in increased growth relative to local planting material, while southward movement had a strong opposite effect.

Conclusion/Significance

Aspen forests are an important natural resource in western Canada that is used for pulp and oriented strandboard production, accounting for ∼40% of the total forest harvest. Moderate to high broad-sense heritabilities in growth traits suggest good potential for a genetic tree improvement program with aspen. Significant productivity gains appear possible through clonal selection from existing trials. We propose two breeding regions for Alberta, and suggest that well-tested southern clones may be used in the northern breeding region, accounting for a general warming trend observed over the last several decades in Alberta.     

Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) Predicts Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Clinical Outcome in Primary Human Breast Cancer

In our previous work we showed that NGAL, a protein involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation, is overexpressed in human breast cancer (BC) and predicts poor prognosis. In neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) pathological complete response (pCR) is a predictor for outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate NGAL as a predictor of response to NACT and to validate NGAL as a prognostic factor for clinical outcome in patients with primary BC. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue microarrays from 652 core biopsies from BC patients, who underwent NACT in the GeparTrio trial. NGAL expression and intensity was evaluated separately. NGAL was detected in 42.2% of the breast carcinomas in the cytoplasm. NGAL expression correlated with negative hormone receptor (HR) status, but not with other baseline parameters. NGAL expression did not correlate with pCR in the full population, however, NGAL expression and staining intensity were significantly associated with higher pCR rates in patients with positive HR status. In addition, strong NGAL expression correlated with higher pCR rates in node negative patients, patients with histological grade 1 or 2 tumors and a tumor size <40 mm. In univariate survival analysis, positive NGAL expression and strong staining intensity correlated with decreased disease-free survival (DFS) in the entire cohort and different subgroups, including HR positive patients. Similar correlations were found for intense staining and decreased overall survival (OS). In multivariate analysis, NGAL expression remained an independent prognostic factor for DFS. The results show that in low-risk subgroups, NGAL was found to be a predictive marker for pCR after NACT. Furthermore, NGAL could be validated as an independent prognostic factor for decreased DFS in primary human BC.