板蓝根田节肢动物群落的结构与多样性研究

为了解河南省板蓝根田节肢动物群落的结构组成及物种多样性,该研究采用5点随机取样,通过网捕法和目测法调查并记录了板蓝根植株及地面上的节肢动物种类和数量。结果表明:河南省板蓝根田节肢动物群落物种丰富,共采集到2 613头,隶属于2纲10目39科61种。其中,植食性种类和捕食性种类均为24种(各占39.34%),寄生性种类4种(占6.56%),中性种类9种(占14.75%)。蜘蛛的种类占群落总种数的比例最高(为21.31%),表明田间的蜘蛛种类最丰富。鳞翅目物种的个体数量远大于其他的目,占群落个体数的43.78%。菜青虫和小菜蛾的相对丰盛度最高,分别为0.184 8和0.162 6,说明二者是河南省板蓝根田的优势害虫。捕食性集团的均匀度指数最高,寄生性集团的优势度指数最高,其中小菜蛾幼虫的寄生性天敌菜蛾盘绒茧蜂的数量最大。     

外源硫化氢对盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦叶片有机酸和激素含量的影响

为探讨外源硫化氢(H₂S)对盐碱胁迫下植物有机酸和激素水平的调控效应,以裸燕麦(Avena nuda)为材料,研究喷施50μmol·L^-1H₂S供体硫氢化钠(NaHS)溶液对3.00 g·kg^-1盐碱胁迫下叶片有机酸、激素含量和产量性状的影响。结果表明：盐碱胁迫显著提高了琥珀酸、丁烯二酸、苹果酸、葡萄糖醛酸和总有机酸含量,显著降低了焦谷氨酸、茉莉酸-异亮氨酸(JA-Ile)、反式-玉米素(tZ)和N⁶-(Δ²-异戊烯)腺嘌呤(iP)含量。喷施NaHS溶液显著提高盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦叶片中3-羟基-3-甲基谷氨酸、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素A₇(GA₇)、茉莉酸甲酯(MJA)、iP含量和IAA/ABA比值,显著降低葡萄糖醛酸、赤霉素A₃(GA₃)、赤霉素A₄(GA₄)、总赤霉素(GA_S)、1-氨基环丙烷羧酸(A...     

大连金普新区碳固持生态服务供需格局时空差异

碳固持服务供需匹配状况对于优化区域生态系统管理、提升生态系统碳汇能力具有重要意义。以大连金普新区为研究区,利用InVEST模型、ArcGIS模型,研究固碳项生态系统服务供需匹配及其变化特征。结果表明：(1)研究期内,2010年至2018年,碳固持服务供给总量呈现出U字型变化趋势;需求总量呈现出持续增长的变化趋势,表现为低等级需求量地区向高等级需求量地区不断转化;碳固持服务供需求不匹配,供需错配现象突出,总体上呈现出供不应求。(2)碳固持服务供需赤字缺口正持续扩大。赤字类型总面积有持续增加的趋势;盈余类型总面积表现为先增后减;供需相对平衡类型总面积不断缩减,朝着低供给高需求方向转变。(3)金普新区碳汇地面积持续缩减,2018年仅为564km²;碳源地面积大量增加,2018年达到1340km²。(4)提出了控制城镇碳需求增长,增加绿地,提高碳供给能力,消减赤字,维持供需能力基本平衡的对策。     

热泉微生物驱动的氮循环研究进展及展望

热泉微生物是驱动热泉氮(N)循环的主导力量,开展热泉生态系统中驱动氮循环微生物种群构成及其与环境响应的研究,对于探索热泉中氮的生物地球化学循环、生命进化、生物修复等方面都具有重要的理论和应用价值。本文综合阐述了热泉生态系统驱动氮循环的功能微生物(如固氮菌、氨氧化菌、厌氧氨氧化菌、反硝化菌、异化硝酸盐还原菌)在系统发育学上的分布、功能基因的相对丰度、活性及其与环境因子(如温度、pH)的相关性等方面的研究现状和亟待解决的问题。并展望了热泉生境中驱动氮循环微生物未来的研究方向。     

Single-Cell Heterogeneity Analysis and CRISPR Screen Identify Key β-Cell-Specific Disease Genes

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Modulation of SPARC Expression during Butyrate-Induced Terminal Differentiation of Cultured Human Keratinocytes: Regulation via a TGF-β-Dependent Pathway

Expression of SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine), a 43-kDa extracellular matrix-associated glycoprotein involved in tissue remodeling, was quantitated during normal human keratinocyte (NHK) growth in culture and as a function of sodium n-butyrate (NaB)-induced differentiation to mature enucleate cornified envelopes (CEs). Low levels of SPARC expression were observed in the basal-like cells of control NHKs, with isolated cells showing intense SPARC expression on the ventral surface. After addition of NaB, SPARC expression increased and the pattern of expression shifted to one involving predominantly suprabasal cells (i.e., spinous cells, pre-CEs, and mature CEs). Dense deposits of SPARC often surrounded the mature CEs. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that approximately 13% of NHKs expressed SPARC within 24 h of seeding into culture. This fraction of SPARC⁺ cells increased with time and peaked immediately postconfluence (31.3 ± 6.3% SPARC⁺). Cellular SPARC expression then decreased to baseline levels during entrance into plateau phase growth. SPARC was detectable in all phases of the cell cycle. SPARC levels were more intense and heterogeneous within the G₂/M and G₁ phases while S phase cells exhibited relatively homogeneous, low intensity, SPARC expression. During NaB-induced NHK differentiation, SPARC intracellular content increased prior to the onset of CE formation (i.e., 2 days after its addition) followed by a period of extracellular accumulation which coincided with the time of maximal CE generation (i.e., Days 4 and 5 after NaB addition). Correlation of cell size with anti-SPARC immunoreactivity revealed a predominance of SPARC expression in cells with a suprabasal phenotype. NHKs cultured on fibronectin (FN), an established modulator of epidermal cell maturation in vitro, showed a similar response to NaB. In general, however, the level of NaB-induced SPARC expression was considerably reduced in FN cultures correlating with a lower efficiency of CE formation. Induced SPARC expression was, in large part, dependent on autocrine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) production since incubation in the presence of NaB + neutralizing antibodies to TGF-β inhibited both the expression of SPARC by 72% and development of mature CEs.     

Triterpenoids from <i>Uncaria rhynchophylla</i> and Their PTP1B Inhibitory Activity

Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gouteng) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine used for psychiatric and hypotensive purposes in China. In this study, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) part of U. rhynchophylla was revealed with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity. Subsequent investigation on the EtOAc part yielded one new triterpenoid, 3β-formyloxy-6β,19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (1) and four known ones, 3β,6β,19α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (2), 2-oxopomolic acid (3), 3β,19α-dihydroxy-6-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (4) and sumaresinolic acid (5). The structure of compound 1 was determined by extensive HRESIMS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses. Two ursane-type triterpenoids (2 and 3) showed selective inhibition on PTP1B with IC₅₀ values of 48.2 and 178.7 μM. The enzyme kinetic study suggested that compounds 2 and 3 were mix-type inhibitors on PTP1B with K_i values of 15.6 and 132.5 μM. This investigation manifests the antidiabetic potency of U. rhynchophylla with triterpenoids as the active constituents.