Rafetus swinhoei名称的历史考证与中文名更改为“黄斑巨鳖”的建议

Rafetusswinhoei是近年来才引起科学和保护界关注的极危物种,关于此物种的分类和命名,长期存在分歧和混淆。简要回顾了对R．swinhoei的科学认识过程,并对古籍进行考证后认为,中国古代所说的“鼋”,本应指此种而非Pdochelyscantorii。鉴于R．swinhoei已有的诸多中文名各自存在一定缺陷．建议采用中文名“黄斑巨鳖”。     

40例糖尿病足高位截肢患者护理方法及康复锻炼的研究

目的:探讨糖尿病足患者行高位截肢术后护理方案和康复锻炼效果.方法:本组40例老年糖尿病足坏疽均行高位截肢术,术前、术后予以特殊护理与康复治疗.结果:随访3个月-3年,40例患者中,痊愈出院36例(90%);糖尿病截肢断端感染2例(5%);因严重感染死亡2例(5%);术后患者经过康复锻炼,残肢浮肿者4例(10%);关节挛缩3例(7.5%);畸形无.结论:糖尿病足患者行高位截肢术后护理方案和康复锻炼效果,疗效满意.     

安宫牛黄丸药效组分对内毒素损伤小鼠脑组织ATP酶活性的影响

目的:观察安宫牛黄丸药效组分对内毒素损伤小鼠脑组织ATP酶活性的影响。方法:腹腔注射脂多糖制备内毒素损伤小鼠模型,利用比色方法测定安宫牛黄丸药效组分对模型小鼠脑组织Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶的影响。结果:安宫牛黄丸药效组分可显著提高内毒素损伤小鼠脑组织Na+-K+-ATP酶及Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性,与安宫牛黄丸具有等效性。结论:安宫牛黄丸药效组分可使脑组织ATP酶活性升高,在安宫牛黄丸改善脑损伤、促清醒中发挥积极作用。     

Tree species effects on ecosystem water-use efficiency in a high-elevation, subalpine forest

Ecosystem water-use efficiency (eWUE; the ratio of net ecosystem productivity to evapotranspiration rate) is a complex landscape-scale parameter controlled by both physical and biological processes occurring in soil and plants. Leaf WUE (lWUE; the ratio of leaf CO₂ assimilation rate to transpiration rate) is controlled at short time scales principally by leaf stomatal dynamics and this control varies among plant species. Little is known about how leaf-scale variation in lWUE influences landscape-scale variation in eWUE. We analyzed approximately seven thousand 30-min averaged eddy covariance observations distributed across 9 years in order to assess eWUE in two neighboring forest communities. Mean eWUE was 19% lower for the community in which Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir were dominant, compared to the community in which lodgepole pine was dominant. Of that 19% difference, 8% was attributed to residual bias in the analysis that favored periods with slightly drier winds for the spruce-fir community. In an effort to explain the remaining 11% difference, we assessed patterns in lWUE using C isotope ratios. When we focused on bulk tissue from older needles we detected significant differences in lWUE among tree species and between upper and lower canopy needles. However, when these differences were scaled to reflect vertical and horizontal leaf area distributions within the two communities, they provided no power to explain differences in eWUE that we observed in the eddy covariance data. When we focused only on bulk needle tissue of current-year needles for 3 of the 9 years, we also observed differences in lWUE among species and in needles from upper and lower parts of the canopy. When these differences in lWUE were scaled to reflect leaf area distributions within the two communities, we were able to explain 6.3% of the differences in eWUE in 1 year (2006), but there was no power to explain differences in the other 2 years (2003 and 2007). When we examined sugars extracted from needles at 3 different times during the growing season of 2007, we could explain 3.8–6.0% of the differences in eWUE between the two communities, but the difference in eWUE obtained from the eddy covariance record, and averaged over the growing season for this single year, was 32%. Thus, overall, after accounting for species effects on lWUE, we could explain little of the difference in eWUE between the two forest communities observed in the eddy covariance record. It is likely that water and C fluxes from soil, understory plants, and non-needle tissues, account for most of the differences observed in the eddy covariance data. For those cases where we could explain some of the difference in eWUE on the basis of species effects, we partitioned the scaled patterns in lWUE into two components: a component that is independent of canopy leaf area distribution, and therefore only dependent on species-specific differences in needle physiology; and a component that is independent of species differences in needle physiology, and only dependent on species-specific influences on canopy leaf area distribution. Only the component that is dependent on species influences on canopy leaf area distribution, and independent of inherent species differences in needle physiology, had potential to explain differences in eWUE between the two communities. Thus, when tree species effects are important, canopy structure, rather than species-specific needle physiology, has more potential to explain patterns in eWUE.     

Scale-adaptive surface modeling of vascular structures

Background  

The effective geometric modeling of vascular structures is crucial for diagnosis, therapy planning and medical education. These applications require good balance with respect to surface smoothness, surface accuracy, triangle quality and surface size.     

Combining domestic and foreign investment to expand tuberculosis control in China

Jia and colleagues describe how a combination of increased domestic funding, supplemented by foreign loans and donations since 2002, have led to a dramatic increase in tuberculosis case finding in China.     

The mtDNA mutation spectrum of the progeroid Polg mutator mouse includes abundant control region multimers

Polg mtDNA mutator mice are important models for investigating the role of acquired mtDNA mutations in aging. Despite extensive study, there remains little consensus on either the etiology of the progeroid phenotype or the mtDNA mutation spectrum induced by disrupted polymerase-γ function. To investigate the latter, we have developed a novel, pragmatic approach we term "Mito-seq," applying next-generation sequencing to enriched, native mtDNA. Regardless of detection parameters we observed an increase of at least two orders of magnitude in the number of mtDNA single nucleotide variants in Polg mutator mice compared to controls. We found no evidence for the accumulation of canonical mtDNA deletions but multimers of the mtDNA control region were identified in brain and heart. These control region multimers (CRMs) contained heterogeneous breakpoints and formed species that excluded the majority of mtDNA genes. CRMs demonstrate that polymerase-γ 3'-5' exonuclease activity is required for preserving mtDNA integrity.     

富勒烯衍生物C60-叶酸对胃癌细胞生长抑制作用的研究

目的研究光照后的富勒烯衍生物C60-叶酸对体外培养的人类胃癌细胞杀伤及其促进胃癌细胞凋亡的作用。方法将光照后不同浓度C60-叶酸与人类胃癌细胞混合培养,用MTT方法检测不同条件下培养的人类胃癌细胞存活率。培养细胞免疫组化检测凋亡细胞中Caspase 3表达。Western blot比较各组中抗凋亡蛋白质Akt1的表达水平。结果随着光照后C60-叶酸浓度增加,人类胃癌细胞的存活率降低,同时凋亡细胞数量增多,且Akt1表达下调。结论 C60-叶酸光照后对人类胃癌细胞有较强的杀伤作用,作用机制与细胞凋亡有关。