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101.
Xu, Fadi, and Donald T. Frazier. Involvement of thefastigial nuclei in vagally mediated respiratory responses.J. Appl. Physiol. 82(6):1853-1861, 1997.Previous studies have demonstrated that thecerebellum, especially the fastigial nucleus (FN), is capable ofmodulating respiratory responses to chemical and mechanical stimuli.Because there is evidence to show projections from vagal afferents tothe FN, the goal of this study was to determine the role of the FN inthe respiratory reflexes elicited by activation of vagal afferents.Experiments were performed in anesthetized (chloralose), paralyzed, andartificially ventilated cats with an occipital exposure of thecerebellum. Administration of capsaicin (Cap; 5-10 µg/kg) viathe right external jugular vein at the end of inspiration andapplication of lung inflation (LI; 10 cmH2O) during inspiration werecarried out to stimulate nonmyelinated and myelinated vagal afferents,respectively. The phrenic neurogram was recorded as anindex of the respiratory motor output. Control cardiorespiratoryvariables [expiratory duration(TE), arterial bloodpressure] and their immediate responses to stimuli were comparedbefore and after bilateral lesions of the FN. The results showed thefollowing. 1) Capinjection and LI resulted in a dramatic increase inTE (apnea).2) FN lesions did not significantlyalter the control TE; however,the apneic duration induced by Cap injection was prolonged.3) Neither FN lesions norcerebellectomy affected the apneic duration that resulted fromapplication of LI. 4) Cold blockadeof the vagi (6-8°C) eliminated the respiratory responses elicited by LI but not Cap injection; vagotomy abolished the responses to both stimuli. 5) FN lesions didnot change the control ABP or its responses to either LI or Capinjection. It is concluded that the FN is involved in vagally mediatedrespiratory reflexes elicited by activation of nonmyelinated (C-fiber)vagal afferents. 相似文献
102.
J Xu R C Levitt C I Panhuysen D S Postma E W Taylor P J Amelung K J Holroyd E R Bleecker D A Meyers 《American journal of human genetics》1995,57(2):425-430
Studies investigating the genetic control of total serum IgE levels are of major importance in understanding basic pathophysiologic mechanisms in atopy and asthma, since IgE levels predict onset and correlate with the clinical expression of these disorders. Previous analysis of data from 92 families, ascertained through a parent with asthma, showed evidence for recessive inheritance of high IgE levels with linkage to chromosome 5q. Since there was significant residual familial correlation in the one-locus segregation analysis, two-locus segregation and linkage analyses were performed. Segregation analyses provided evidence for a second major locus unlinked to the locus on 5q. Utilization of this two-locus model corroborates the previous evidence for linkage between this trait and markers on 5q31-q33. The LODs for the most informative marker D5S436 increased from 3.00 at 10% recombination to 4.67 at 9% recombination, when the two-locus model was used. Additional linkage studies are needed to map this second locus. These results demonstrate the importance of performing multilocus segregation and linkage analyses for quantitative traits that are related to the phenotype of a complex disorder. This approach has given further insight into the genetics of allergy and asthma by providing evidence for a two-locus model. 相似文献
103.
玉吊钟气生不定根根尖区域的部分表皮细胞经分裂可形成多细胞根毛。根毛长0.03mm左右,具单列细胞、双列细胞和叉状分枝类型,由基细胞和毛体细胞二部分组成。电镜显示,基细胞内部结构与表皮细胞相似。组成毛体的细胞都有分泌功能。在分泌活动期,细胞内形成大量内质网,并膨大成囊泡状或溢出囊泡,分泌停止,内质网即消失;其细胞结构的变化及主要由内质网参与分泌活动与蜜腺细胞在分泌活动中的结构变化类似。故推测多细胞根 相似文献
104.
在96孔板中进行抗脂质过氧化的微量测定 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
以Fe2+/半胱氨酸诱导大鼠肝微粒体为基本模型,根据硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)反应原理,优化不同反应条件,建立了一种在96孔板上进行抗脂质过氧化测定的一步反应方法,该方法的灵敏度不低于传统的试管法,而且还具有微量、快速、简便等优点,特别适用于大规模筛选和研究抗氧化剂.此外,也可用于其它系统诱导的抗脂质过氧化的测定. 相似文献
105.
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108.
Summary We determined whether the systemic administration of viable Mycobacterium bovis organisms (BCG) or a lipophilic derivative of muramyl tripeptide (MTP-PE) would lead to the activation of antitumor properties in murine Kupffer cells (KC). KC-mediated tumor cytolysis was determined by the release of radiolabeled nuclear breakdown products of target cells. KC harvested from either C57BL/6 or C3H/HEN mice treated with saline exhibited no cytotoxicity against syngeneic B16 melanoma or UV-2237 fibrosarcoma cells. In contrast, KC harvested from BCG or MTP-PE-injected mice were highly cytotoxic against the tumor targets, as measured by an in vitro radiorelease assay. The demonstration that the administration of macrophage activators can generate in situ tumoricidal activity in KC suggests that these cells can be important in the control of hepatic micrometastases. 相似文献
109.
本文提供了男、女两性共404人ABO、MN血型各表现型的35个体质特征测量数据,对血型和测量体征的关系进行了初步讨论。统计分析表明,不同血型群体的某些单个体征平均值之间有显著差异。对所调查的35个体征作整体分析,可见男性MN系统和女性ABO、MN系统各血型群体平均值之间差异显著。在MN血型系统,MN型群体的测量体征平均值低于M型和N型与MN基因型的杂合状态有密切关系。本文还分析了4个民族的血型资料,表明MN血型在ABO血型系统是随机分布的。 相似文献
110.
以壳聚糖为载体,成二醛为交联剂将木瓜蛋白酶固定化。5%戊二醛在4-6℃下处理载体5h,加酶液(3.5mg/mL蛋白,pH7.2)固定12h,活力回收达32%,作用于酪蛋白的半衰期为36天,其表观K_m(酪蛋白)值为0.075%(W/V),溶液酶的K_m值为0.086%;最适pH7.0~7.5,溶液酶为7.0~8.5。固定化酶在pH8.5以下,溶液酶在9.0以下活力稳定。固定化酶在45℃以下,溶液酶在75℃以下稳定。用6mol/L脲洗脱固定化酶4次(5.5h)活力仍有54.5%。用固定化酶处理啤酒浊度比对照下降了1.5-3.7倍,蛋白质含量下降了44%,冷藏(4℃)120天无冷混浊现象发生并保持了啤酒原有风味和理化性状。 相似文献