电场作用条件与作物种子生长的相关性

在综合评价电场强度及处理时间对作物生物效应影响时, 如何确定生物效应指标之间的权重一直是困扰生物信息综合评价的核心问题。比如叶绿素增长1 mg·L^–1 的价值相当于多少厘米根长的增加, 这是一个难以回答的问题。同时, 通过指标加权合成的方法获得综合评价的结果也存在信息丢失的缺陷。针对电场条件对作物生物效应的影响, 利用数据包络分析的基本思想, 给出了用于综合评价电场强度及处理时间对作物生物效应影响的非参数综合分析方法和相应的数学模型, 该方法不仅可以克服上述缺点, 而且还为分析不同外部条件对作物综合生物效应的影响程度提供了一种有效的分析工具。应用该方法综合评价了不同电场强度和不同处理时间对小麦 (Triticum aestivum)种子幼苗株高和根长的影响。结果表明: 不同电场强度和处理时间对小麦幼苗生长产生不同影响, 在0.5–6.0 kV·cm^–1场强范围内, 随电场强度增加, 生理指标呈现振荡性变化, 当处理时间为5分钟时, 1.0和2.0 kV·cm^–1场强为最佳处理条件; 处理时间为10分钟时, 2.5 kV·cm^–1场强为最佳处理条件。     

Origin and phylogeny of Oryza species with the CD genome based on multiple-gene sequence data

The CD genome species in the genus Oryza are endemic to Latin America, including O. alta, O. grandiglumis and O. latifolia. Origins and phylogenetic relationship of these species have long been in dispute and are still ambiguous due to their homogeneous genome type, similar morphological characteristics and overlapping distribution. In the present study, we sequenced two chloroplast fragments (matK and trnL-trnF) and portions of three nuclear genes (Adh1, Adh2 and GPA1) from sixteen accessions representing seven species with the C, CD, and E genomes, as well as one G genome species as the outgroup. Phylogenetic analyses using parsimony and distance methods strongly supported that the CD genome originated from a single hybridization event, and that the C genome species (O. officinalis or O. rhizomatis instead of O. eichingeri) served as the maternal parent while the E genome species (O. australiensis) was the paternal donor during the formation of CD genome. In addition, the consistent phylogenetic relationships among the CCDD species indicated that significant divergence existed between O. latifolia and the other two (O. alta and O. grandiglumis), which corroborated the suggestion of treating the latter two as a single species or as taxa within species.We thank Tao Sang of Michigan State University (East Lansing, USA) and Bao-rong Lu of Fudan University (Shanghai, China) for their encouragement and assistance. We are also grateful to the International Rice Research Institute (Manila, Philippines) for providing plant material for this study. This research was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (kscxz-sw-101A), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30025005) and the Program for Key International S & T Cooperation Project of P. R. China (2001CB711103).     

取食经历对美洲斑潜蝇雌成虫寿命及生殖力的影响

在实验室条件下 ,研究了取食经历对美洲斑潜蝇雌Liriomyzasativae成虫寿命和生殖力的影响。结果表明 ,幼虫期在黄瓜取食而成虫期在四季豆上取食时 ,其雌成虫寿命、总产卵量和日平均产卵量均明显小于幼虫期在长豇豆上取食而成虫期在四季豆上取食时 (P <0 0 1 ) ;当幼虫期同在长豇豆上取食时 ,成虫在黄瓜上取食时的雌成虫寿命、总产卵量和日平均产卵量均明显小于成虫在四季豆取食时 (P<0 0 5或P <0 0 1 )。这说明美洲斑潜蝇幼虫和成虫取食经历对其成虫寿命和生殖力均有显著的影响     

一些化学和物理因素对羊瘙痒因子263K蛋白酶抗性的影响

朊病毒(prion)具有超强的理化因素抵抗能力,可抵抗常规物理和化学因子对其感染性的灭活.为了研究不同理化因素对PrPSc蛋白酶抗性的影响,采用不同浓度的NaOH、NaOCl、SDS、温度变化以及3%SDS与温度变化联合处理羊瘙痒因子263K,再经蛋白酶K(Proteinase K,PK)消化,通过Western blot检测观测PrPSc的PK抗性.结果发现,上述几种理化因素对羊瘙痒因子263K的PK抗性有不同程度的破坏作用.NaOH浓度在0.05mol/L以上,NaOCl游离氯含量在0.1%以上,温度在121℃以上都能使PrPSc的PK抗性消失;而1%～5%SDS不能使PrPSc的PK抗性完全消失,3%SDS与温度的联合作用可有效地破坏PK抗性,同时使所需温度降低.还发现,在较低浓度的化学因子或温度的条件下即可出现PK抗性的破坏,而在较高浓度或温度处理时才出现蛋白本身的消失.这些结果提示,与PrPSc感染性的结果相似,PK抗性可受相似浓度或强度的理化因素影响,具有明显的浓度或强度相关性,对判定消除PrPSc的感染性有一定的指导意义.     

3′非翻译区靶向人工微小RNA对PRRSV在猪肺巨噬细胞中复制的抑制作用（英文）北大核心CSCD

【目的】研究重组腺病毒(rAd)传送的3′非翻译区(UTR)靶向amiR3UTR对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)在猪肺巨噬细胞(PAM)中复制的抑制作用。【方法】用表达amiR3UTR或对照amiRcon的腺病毒载体转染AAV-293细胞,获得rAd-amiR3UTR-GFP和rAd-amiRcon-GFP,用定量RT-PCR检测amiR3UTR在rAd转导细胞中的表达,用定量RT-PCR、Western blotting和病毒滴定检测amiR3UTR对PRRSV复制的抑制作用。【结果】原代PAM及其细胞系3D4/163均能被rAd-amiR3UTR-GFP转导,但前者转导效率很低;rAd-amiR3UTR-GFP转导细胞能有效表达amiR3UTR,且表达具有剂量和时间依赖性;rAd表达的amiR3UTR能显著抑制不同毒株PRRSV在PAM细胞中的复制,且抑制作用具有剂量依赖性。【结论】amiR3UTR能抑制不同毒株PRRSV在PAM中的复制,其rAd有望作为抗PRRSV新策略进行深入研究。     

The effect of biodegradation on gammacerane in crude oils

Gammacerane is one of the major biomarkers widely used in depositional environment diagnosis, oil family classification, and oil-source correlation. It is generally accepted that gammacerane is more resistant to biodegradation than regular hopanes. However, whether it is biodegradable as well has not been reported in literatures. In order to investigate the effect of biodegradation on gammacerane in crude oils, 69 core samples from two biodegraded petroleum accumulations were geochemically characterized by quantitative GC–MS analysis. All samples are originated from lacustrine source rocks in China and have experienced at least level 8 degree of biodegradation on the scale of Peters and Moldowan (The biomarker guide: interpreting molecular fossils in petroleum and ancient sediments, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1993). Both case histories showed the concentration of gammacerane decrease with increasing severity of biodegradation, indicating the destruction of gammacerane by biodegradation. A whole series of 25-norhopanes paralleling the 17α,21β-hopanes (up to C₃₄), together with C₂₈ 18-α-25,30-bisnorneohopane, C₂₉ 25-nordiahopane and C₂₉ 25-norgammacerane, is found in the Liaohe sample suite but C₃₃, C₃₄ 25-norhopane and 25-norgammacerane are almost undetectable in the Junggar case. The gammacerane in the Liaohe case study appear to be altered simultaneously with hopanes, although the rate of gammacerane alteration is slower. Its susceptibility to biodegradation is similar to 18α(H)-22,29,30-trisnorneohopane (Ts) and 17α(H)-22,29,30-trisnorhopane (Tm) but more vulnerable than 18α-30-norneohopane (C₂₉ Ts), 15α-methyl-17α(H)-27-norhopane (C₃₀ diahopane) and pregnanes. The gammacerane in the Junggar oils appear to be less biodegradable than the Liaohe case history. It was altered simultaneously with pregnanes and C₂₉ Ts but faster than C₃₀ diahopane. The present data suggest that biodegradation sequence is not universal since the relative rates of biodegradation of different compound classes depend upon specific environmental conditions. Like the case of hopane demethylation, the mechanism of gammacerane biodegradation is not straightforward. While the conversion of gammacerane to 25-norgammacerane is not quantitatively balanced in the Liaohe case history, no 25-norgammacerane has been formed from the degradation of gammacerane in the Junggar case history. The ratio of gammacerane to regular hopanes increases with biodegradation degree especially at extreme levels of degradation, gammacerane index is no longer valid for depositional environment assessment or oil-source correlation.     

郫县豆瓣发酵过程的微生物多样性及溯源分析

[目的] 解析郫县豆瓣及其酿造半成品-蚕豆醅与辣椒醅微生物多样性和来源,探究郫县豆瓣酿造过程风味化合物特征。[方法] 采用高通量测序法测定蚕豆醅、辣椒醅与混合醅（蚕豆醅-辣椒醅混合物,发酵成熟形成郫县豆瓣）在酿造过程中的微生物群落结构;利用高效气相质谱与高效液相色谱高通量检测蚕豆醅及辣椒醅中基础理化指标及挥发性、非挥发性风味化合物浓度;利用多种生物信息学分析方法对混合醅酿造微生物及风味化合物进行溯源。[结果] 微生物方面：44%–59%的混合醅细菌来源于辣椒醅,5%–22%的混合醅细菌来源于蚕豆醅,其他混合醅细菌来源未知。同时,42%–77%的混合醅真菌来源于辣椒醅,2%–18%的混合醅真菌来源于蚕豆醅,其他混合醅真菌来源未知。另外,16个细菌属由辣椒醅特异性贡献;2个细菌属及2个真菌属由蚕豆醅特异性贡献。化合物方面：1-辛烯-3醇（1-octen-3-ol）、苯乙醛（phenylacetaldehyde）、异丁醛（isobutyraldehyde）、苹果酸（malic acid）与糠醛（furfural）仅由蚕豆醅贡献。辣椒素（capsaicin）、3-甲基-1-丁醇（3-methyl-1-butanol）、已醇（hexanol）与异丁醇（isobutanol）仅由辣椒醅贡献。[结论] 郫县豆瓣发酵中大部分微生物来源于辣椒醅,大部分发酵底物（氨基酸及葡萄糖）来源于蚕豆醅。两种发酵半成品均特异性贡献微生物及风味化合物,形成郫县豆瓣的独特风味密码。     

溴氨酸降解菌株的分离和特性

从化工厂污泥中中分离到4个对蒽醌染料中间体溴氨酸有显降解和脱色作用的菌株。经鉴定,4株菌均为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）。脱色效果最好的N1菌株能以溴酸为唯一碳源生长,其脱色效果受温度和pH影响较大,最佳生长条件是30℃,pH7.2。