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Hainsworth JD 《Arthritis research & therapy》2003,5(Z4):S12-S16
The chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab has been used extensively in the treatment of B cell malignancies, and more recently it has emerged as a potential treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), via selective B lymphocyte depletion. Experience in oncology shows that rituximab is well tolerated in a variety of settings, with mild-to-moderate infusion related reactions following the first infusion being the most common adverse event. Current data suggest that the safety profile of rituximab in patients with RA is similar to that in oncology, but that the adverse events are less frequent and less severe in patients with RA. 相似文献
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Nitin Udpa Roy Ronen Dan Zhou Junbin Liang Tsering Stobdan Otto Appenzeller Ye Yin Yuanping Du Lixia Guo Rui Cao Yu Wang Xin Jin Chen Huang Wenlong Jia Dandan Cao Guangwu Guo Victoria E Claydon Roger Hainsworth Jorge L Gamboa Mehila Zibenigus Guta Zenebe Jin Xue Siqi Liu Kelly A Frazer Yingrui Li Vineet Bafna Gabriel G Haddad 《Genome biology》2014,15(2):R36
Background
Although it has long been proposed that genetic factors contribute to adaptation to high altitude, such factors remain largely unverified. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have made it feasible to analyze genome-wide patterns of genetic variation in human populations. Since traditionally such studies surveyed only a small fraction of the genome, interpretation of the results was limited.Results
We report here the results of the first whole genome resequencing-based analysis identifying genes that likely modulate high altitude adaptation in native Ethiopians residing at 3,500 m above sea level on Bale Plateau or Chennek field in Ethiopia. Using cross-population tests of selection, we identify regions with a significant loss of diversity, indicative of a selective sweep. We focus on a 208 kbp gene-rich region on chromosome 19, which is significant in both of the Ethiopian subpopulations sampled. This region contains eight protein-coding genes and spans 135 SNPs. To elucidate its potential role in hypoxia tolerance, we experimentally tested whether individual genes from the region affect hypoxia tolerance in Drosophila. Three genes significantly impact survival rates in low oxygen: cic, an ortholog of human CIC, Hsl, an ortholog of human LIPE, and Paf-AHα, an ortholog of human PAFAH1B3.Conclusions
Our study reveals evolutionarily conserved genes that modulate hypoxia tolerance. In addition, we show that many of our results would likely be unattainable using data from exome sequencing or microarray studies. This highlights the importance of whole genome sequencing for investigating adaptation by natural selection. 相似文献25.
Richard B. Benjamin F. Reed Hainsworth 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1986,40(4):843-855
Ipomopsis rubra plants grown in the laboratory initially produced hermaphrodite flowers, but some self- or sib-mated individuals switched to produce large numbers of pistillate (male sterile) flowers. The sex change did not occur with outcrossing. Plants with extreme male sterility were also observed in natural populations, usually in smaller individuals. Male sterility may be compensated by more seeds (resource reallocation), better seeds (avoidance of selfing), or both. Pistillate flowers were smaller, so savings could be used for additional seeds. Selfed seeds had reduced survival and fecundity, so avoidance of selfing could produce better quality offspring. We explored costs and benefits of sex change with two fitness models. The first assumes randomoutcross matings. Estimates of resource reallocation and inbreeding (selfing) depression are sufficient for pistillate inflorescences to have equal or greater fitness than hermaphrodite inflorescences if the selfing rate is high. Frequencies of sex change with intensive self-pollination were consistent with this model. The second model assumes all nonself matings are between sibs in “local mating” groups. Parents may benefit by male sterility in offspring, but gains would be higher if sex change occurred earlier and at higher than observed frequencies. 相似文献
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Morgan W. D. Ryde S. J. S. Jones Sarah J. Wyatt Ruth M. Hainsworth I. R. Cobbold Stephanie S. Evans C. J. Braithwaite R. A. 《Biological trace element research》1990,26(1):407-414
This paper reports the preliminary findings of a survey of lead and cadmium body burdens in a nonoccupationally exposed population in Swansea, Wales, using the techniques of in vivo neutron activation and X-ray fluorescence analysis. Some measurements on an occupationally cadmium-exposed group are also included. The results confirm the association between cadmium and smoking and bone lead and age. The in vivo measurements demonstrate a degree of comparability with other data, which supports the further detailed analysis of the relationships between body burden and exposure, on the one hand, and possible health effects on the other.
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Hung Ben P. Simon David D. Phillips K. Scott Isayeva Irada Shin Hainsworth Y. 《Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology》2022,21(4):1117-1131
Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology - Recent reports of adverse health effects (e.g., capsular contracture, lymphoma) linked to the absence or presence of texture on soft-tissue implants... 相似文献