硫丹对黄瓜光合色素及几种有关酶活性的影响

用0.1％-0.6％的硫丹喷施黄瓜幼苗4d后,叶绿素总量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、原叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量分别下降21.00％-38．57％、21.27％-38.69％、20.22％-38.24％、6．60％-49.24％和13.54％-68.85％;叶绿素酶活性上升16.51％-72．80％;δ-氨基乙酰丙酸（ALA）合酶和脱水酶活性分别下降14.14％-44.61％和4．38％-40．11％。讨论了硫丹影响叶绿素含量的可能机理。     

The Kv2.1 channels mediate neuronal apoptosis induced by excitotoxicity

Chronic loss of intracellular K⁺ can induce neuronal apoptosis in pathological conditions. However, the mechanism by which the K⁺ channels are regulated in this process remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the increased membrane expression of Kv2.1 proteins in cortical neurons deprived of serum, a condition known to induce K⁺ loss, promotes neuronal apoptosis. The increase in I _K current density and apoptosis in the neurons deprived of serum were inhibited by a dominant negative form of Kv2.1 and MK801, an antagonist to NMDA receptors. The membrane level of Kv2.1 and its interaction with SNAP25 were increased, whereas the Kv2.1 phosphorylation was inhibited in the neurons deprived of serum. Botulinum neurotoxin, an agent known to prevent formation of soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor complex, suppressed the increase in I _K current density. Together, these results suggest that NMDA receptor-dependent Kv2.1 membrane translocation is regulated by a soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor-dependent vesicular trafficking mechanism and is responsible for neuronal cell death induced by chronic loss of K⁺.     

Comparison of the effects of symmetric and asymmetric temperature elevation and CO2 enrichment on yield and evapotranspiration of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Under the changing climate, asymmetric warming pattern would be more likely during day and night time, instead of symmetric one. Concurrently, the growth responses and water use of plants may be different compared with those estimated based on symmetric warming. In this work, it was compared with the effects of symmetric (ETs) and asymmetric (ETa) elevation of temperature alone, and in interaction with elevated carbon dioxide concentration (EC), on the grain yield (GY) and evapotranspiration in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based on pot experiment in the North China Plain (NCP). The experiment was carried out in six enclosed‐top chambers with following climate treatments: (1) ambient temperature and ambient CO₂ (CON), (2) ambient temperature and elevated CO₂ (EC), (3) elevated temperature and ambient CO₂ (ETs; ETa), and (4) elevated temperature and elevated CO₂ (ECETs, ECETa). In symmetric warming, temperature was increased by 3°C and in asymmetric one by 3.5°C during night and 2.5°C during daytime, respectively. As a result, GY was in ETa and ETs 15.6 (P < 0.05) and 10.3% (P < 0.05) lower than that in CON. In ECETs and ECETa treatments, GY was 14.9 (P < 0.05) and 9.1% (P < 0.05) higher than that in CON. Opposite to GY, evapotranspiration was 7.8 (P < 0.05) and 17.9% (P < 0.05) higher in ETa and ETs treatments and 7.2 (P < 0.05) and 2.1% (P > 0.05) lower in ECETs and ECETa treatments compared with CON. Thus, GY of wheat could be expected to increase under the changing climate with concurrent elevation of CO₂ and temperature as a result of increased WUE under the elevated CO₂. However, the gain would be lower under ETa than that estimated based on ETs due to higher evapotranspiration.     

基于mtCOII基因对山东省越冬代亚洲玉米螟不同种群的遗传结构分析

亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)是我国重要农业害虫.为了全面揭示亚洲玉米螟遗传分化以及山东省亚洲玉米螟不同种群的遗传结构,对山东省越冬代亚洲玉米螟不同种群mtCOⅡ基因序列与来自GenBank的相关序列进行了遗传结构分析,并建立了鉴别不同遗传支系的PCR-RFLP方法.基于对340条mtCOⅡ序列的分析结果表明:所有样本共获得62个单倍型,其中单倍型17(H17)广泛分布于各种群之间,有6个单倍体型为山东种群所特有;亚洲玉米螟分化为2个遗传支系(支系Ⅰ与支系Ⅱ);2个遗传支系均在山东省发现,但以支系Ⅰ为主;亚洲玉米螟各单倍体型散布于山东省各地理种群中,缺乏明显的地理分布格局.山东亚洲玉米螟总体的单倍体型多样性指数Hd为0.695,种群内单倍型多样性指数在0.333-0.889之间;总体的核酸多样性指数π为0.00424,种群内核酸多样性指数在0.00061-0.00809之间.总群体的固定系数Fst为0.79421.AMOVA分析结果表明山东亚洲玉米螟的遗传分化主要来自于2个支系之间(79.42％).构建的亚洲玉米螟2个支系鉴别方法为其生物学与生态学的进一步研究奠定了基础.     

Colonization of endophyte Acremonium sp. D212 in Panax notoginseng and rice mediated by auxin and jasmonic acid

Endophytic fungi can be beneficial to plant growth. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying colonization of Acremonium spp. remain unclear.In this study, a novel endophytic Acremonium strain was isolated from the buds of Panax notoginseng and named Acremonium sp. D212. The Acremonium sp. D212 could colonize the roots of P. notoginseng,enhance the resistance of P. notoginseng to root rot disease, and promote root growth and saponin biosynthesis in P. notoginseng. Acremonium sp. D212 could secrete indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) and jasmonic acid(JA), and inoculation with the fungus increased the endogenous levels of IAA and JA in P. notoginseng. Colonization of the Acremonium sp. D212 in the roots of the rice line Nipponbare was dependent on the concentration of methyl jasmonate(Me JA)(2–15 μmol/L) and 1-naphthalenacetic acid(NAA)(10–20 μmol/L). Moreover, the roots of the JA signaling-defective coi1-18 mutant were colonized by Acremonium sp. D212 to a lesser degree than those of the wild-type Nipponbare and mi R393 boverexpressing lines, and the colonization was rescued by Me JA but not by NAA. It suggests that the cross-talk between JA signaling and the auxin biosynthetic pathway plays a crucial role in the colonization of Acremonium sp. D212 in host plants.     

互花米草入侵九段沙河口湿地对当地昆虫多样性的影响

为认识因互花米草(Spartinaalterniflora)入侵而给九段沙河口湿地昆虫多样性带来的影响,我们于2004年5月到2005年10月间用网捕和收割植株两种方法对3个典型植物群落中昆虫多样性作了连续调查。研究期间,共采集到昆虫11,300头。经鉴定为97个种,隶属于12目69科。互花米草群落中昆虫的物种数、个体数量以及Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均显著低于土著植物芦苇(Phragmitesaustralis)群落和海三棱藨草(Scirpusmariqueter)群落中的;而Simpson优势度指数较土著植物群落中高。聚类分析结果表明:芦苇与海三棱藨草群落中昆虫群落结构更为相似。互花米草的入侵将可能导致九段沙湿地昆虫多样性的降低和群落结构的改变。     

CHO工程细胞株低血清培养的初探

以DMEM: F12(1: 1)为基础培养基,对CHO细胞的低血清培养进行了初步探索,降低培养基中血清含量,观察了细胞在10%、5%和1%等不同浓度低血清培养条件下生长状态和外源蛋白表达活性的变化.试验结果表明:在含1%血清的F12: DMEM(1: 1)培养基中,细胞仍能保持良好的生长状态,且培养上清中的目的蛋白活性与常规血清浓度10% DMEM培养条件下的活性接近.从而达到了既可以降低生产成本,又可以降低纯化难度的目的.     

Predictive value of circulating miR-328 and miR-134 for acute myocardial infarction

MicroRNA (miRNAs) is demonstrated to be present in the blood of humans and has been increasingly suggested as a novel biomarker for various pathological processes in the heart, including myocardial infarction, myocardial remodeling and progression to heart failure. In this study, we aim to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating miR-328 and miR-134 in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Circulating levels of miR-328 and miR-134 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR in plasma samples from 359 AMI patients and 30 healthy volunteers. Concentrations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) were measured using electrochemiluminescence-based methods. MiRNAs were assessed for discrimination of a clinical diagnosis of AMI and for association with primary clinical endpoint defined as a composite of cardiogenic death and development of heart failure within 6 months after infarction. Results showed that levels of plasma miR-328 and miR-134 were significantly higher in AMI patients than in healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed significant diagnostic value of miR-328 and miR-134 for AMI. However, neither of them was superior to hs-cTnT for the diagnosis. Additionally, increased miRNA levels were strongly associated with increased risk of mortality or heart failure within 6 months for miR-328 (OR 7.35, 95 % confidence interval 1.07–17.83, P < 0.001) and miR-134 (OR 2.28, 95 % confidence interval 1.03–11.32 P < 0.001). In conclusion, circulating miR-328 and miR-134 could be potential indicators for AMI, and the miRNA levels are associated with increased risk of mortality or development of heart failure.     

内蒙古道虎沟中侏罗世假古蝉属化石(同翅目,古蝉科)

描述古蝉科化石3新种,即多点假古蝉Pseudocossus punctulosus sp.nov.,美丽假古蝉P.bellus sp.nov.,弯脉假古蝉P.ancylivenius sp.nov..所有标本均采自内蒙古宁城道虎沟中侏罗世九龙山组,其中2个新种保存有完整的臀区.模式标本保存在首都师范大学生命科学学院.     

京尼平的微生物转化及其交联特性的测定分析

从土壤中富集筛选获得一株产β-葡萄糖苷酶的菌株,经菌落的形态和18S rDNA鉴定确定为黑曲霉。将筛选出的黑曲霉菌株接种于发酵培养基,利用含有京尼平苷的栀子粉作为底物发酵,通过对发酵条件优化,得到在装液量50/250 mL,栀子粉浓度为10%,转速为180 r/min,发酵时间为96 h时,京尼平的微生物转化率达到最大22%。这种微生物转化法简化了京尼平的生产工艺,大大降低了生产成本。利用微生物转化获得的京尼平交联胶原蛋白材料,研究表明其具有较好的交联特性,是一种在食品、医药等领域都具有应用前景的生物交联剂。